Apelin receptor

APLNR
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2LOT, 2LOU, 2LOV, 2LOW
Identifiers
Aliases	APLNR, AGTRL1, APJ, APJR, HG11, apelin receptor
External IDs	OMIM: 600052 MGI: 1346086 HomoloGene: 3784 GeneCards: APLNR
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	57,237,250 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	84,970,267 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	optic nerve; ; inferior olivary nucleus; ; ventral tegmental area; ; spinal cord; ; Region I of hippocampus proper; ; spleen; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; substantia nigra; ; hypothalamus; ; superior vestibular nucleus;
	Top expressed in
	renal corpuscle; ; left lung lobe; ; dermis; ; medullary collecting duct; ; body of femur; ; vas deferens; ; internal carotid artery; ; primitive streak; ; digastric muscle; ; right lung;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	G protein-coupled receptor activity; signal transducer activity; signaling receptor activity; apelin receptor activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; membrane; plasma membrane;
Biological process	multicellular organism development; heart development; regulation of body fluid levels; gastrulation; signal transduction; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; positive regulation of angiogenesis; positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; positive regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation; vasculogenesis; adult heart development; coronary vasculature development; positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis; angiogenesis; blood vessel development; apelin receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	187
	23796
	ENSG00000134817
	ENSMUSG00000044338
	P35414
	Q9WV08
	NM_005161
	NM_011784
	NP_005152
	NP_035914
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The Apelin Receptor (APLNR, also known as APJ) is a G protein-coupled receptor.^[5] APLNR possesses two endogenous ligands which are APELIN^[6]^[7]^[8] and ELABELA.^[9]^[10] The structure of APLNR was resolved in 2017^[11]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134817 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000044338 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ O'Dowd BF, Heiber M, Chan A, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Kennedy JL, et al. (December 1993). "A human gene that shows identity with the gene encoding the angiotensin receptor is located on chromosome 11". Gene. 136 (1–2): 355–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90495-O. PMID 8294032.
↑ Tatemoto K, Hosoya M, Habata Y, Fujii R, Kakegawa T, Zou MX, et al. (October 1998). "Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 251 (2): 471–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9489. PMID 9792798.
↑ Lee DK, Cheng R, Nguyen T, Fan T, Kariyawasam AP, Liu Y, et al. (January 2000). "Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor". Journal of Neurochemistry. 74 (1): 34–41. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740034.x. PMID 10617103. S2CID 6548112.
↑ Szokodi I, Tavi P, Földes G, Voutilainen-Myllylä S, Ilves M, Tokola H, et al. (September 2002). "Apelin, the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, regulates cardiac contractility". Circulation Research. 91 (5): 434–40. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000033522.37861.69. PMID 12215493.
↑ Chng SC, Ho L, Tian J, Reversade B (December 2013). "ELABELA: a hormone essential for heart development signals via the apelin receptor". Developmental Cell. 27 (6): 672–80. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.002. PMID 24316148.
↑ Pauli A, Norris ML, Valen E, Chew GL, Gagnon JA, Zimmerman S, et al. (February 2014). "Toddler: an embryonic signal that promotes cell movement via Apelin receptors". Science. 343 (6172): 1248636. doi:10.1126/science.1248636. PMC 4107353. PMID 24407481.
↑ Ma Y, Yue Y, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Song Y, et al. (June 2017). "Structural Basis for Apelin Control of the Human Apelin Receptor". Structure. 25 (6): 858–866.e4. doi:10.1016/j.str.2017.04.008. PMID 28528775.

Hinohara K, Nakajima T, Sasaoka T, Sawabe M, Lee BS, Ban JM, et al. (September 2009). "Validation of the association between AGTRL1 polymorphism and coronary artery disease in the Japanese and Korean populations". Journal of Human Genetics. 54 (9): 554–6. doi:10.1038/jhg.2009.78. PMID 19680269.
Hata J, Matsuda K, Ninomiya T, Yonemoto K, Matsushita T, Ohnishi Y, et al. (March 2007). "Functional SNP in an Sp1-binding site of AGTRL1 gene is associated with susceptibility to brain infarction". Human Molecular Genetics. 16 (6): 630–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm005. PMID 17309882.
Kälin RE, Kretz MP, Meyer AM, Kispert A, Heppner FL, Brändli AW (May 2007). "Paracrine and autocrine mechanisms of apelin signaling govern embryonic and tumor angiogenesis". Developmental Biology. 305 (2): 599–614. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.03.004. PMID 17412318.
Zhou N, Zhang X, Fan X, Argyris E, Fang J, Acheampong E, et al. (December 2003). "The N-terminal domain of APJ, a CNS-based coreceptor for HIV-1, is essential for its receptor function and coreceptor activity". Virology. 317 (1): 84–94. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.026. PMID 14675627.
Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Hayashi K, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto J, et al. (2005). "Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries". DNA Research. 12 (2): 117–26. doi:10.1093/dnares/12.2.117. PMID 16303743.
O'Carroll AM, Don AL, Lolait SJ (November 2003). "APJ receptor mRNA expression in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: regulation by stress and glucocorticoids". Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 15 (11): 1095–101. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01102.x. PMID 14622440. S2CID 23108475.
Sarzani R, Forleo C, Pietrucci F, Capestro A, Soura E, Guida P, et al. (September 2007). "The 212A variant of the APJ receptor gene for the endogenous inotrope apelin is associated with slower heart failure progression in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy". Journal of Cardiac Failure. 13 (7): 521–9. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.04.002. hdl:11566/50914. PMID 17826642.
Langelaan DN, Bebbington EM, Reddy T, Rainey JK (January 2009). "Structural insight into G-protein coupled receptor binding by apelin". Biochemistry. 48 (3): 537–48. doi:10.1021/bi801864b. PMID 19123778.
Zhou N, Fan X, Mukhtar M, Fang J, Patel CA, DuBois GC, Pomerantz RJ (March 2003). "Cell-cell fusion and internalization of the CNS-based, HIV-1 co-receptor, APJ". Virology. 307 (1): 22–36. doi:10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00021-1. PMID 12667811.
Li WW, Niu WQ, Zhang Y, Wu S, Gao PJ, Zhu DL (June 2009). "Family-based analysis of apelin and AGTRL1 gene polymorphisms with hypertension in Han Chinese". Journal of Hypertension. 27 (6): 1194–201. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832a3eb1. PMID 19307984. S2CID 12333756.
Lee DK, Lança AJ, Cheng R, Nguyen T, Ji XD, Gobeil F, et al. (February 2004). "Agonist-independent nuclear localization of the Apelin, angiotensin AT1, and bradykinin B2 receptors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (9): 7901–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306377200. PMID 14645236.
Choe H, Martin KA, Farzan M, Sodroski J, Gerard NP, Gerard C (June 1998). "Structural interactions between chemokine receptors, gp120 Env and CD4". Seminars in Immunology. 10 (3): 249–57. doi:10.1006/smim.1998.0127. PMID 9653051.
Kleinz MJ, Skepper JN, Davenport AP (March 2005). "Immunocytochemical localisation of the apelin receptor, APJ, to human cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells". Regulatory Peptides. 126 (3): 233–40. doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2004.10.019. PMID 15664671. S2CID 24947092.
Luttrell LM (July 2008). "Reviews in molecular biology and biotechnology: transmembrane signaling by G protein-coupled receptors". Molecular Biotechnology. 39 (3): 239–64. doi:10.1007/s12033-008-9031-1. PMID 18240029. S2CID 45173229.
Cobellis L, De Falco M, Mastrogiacomo A, Giraldi D, Dattilo D, Scaffa C, et al. (January 2007). "Modulation of apelin and APJ receptor in normal and preeclampsia-complicated placentas". Histology and Histopathology. 22 (1): 1–8. doi:10.14670/HH-22.1. PMID 17128405.
Kubo M (November 2008). "[Genetic risk factors of ischemic stroke identified by a genome-wide association study]". Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo. 60 (11): 1339–46. PMID 19069168.
Bai B, Tang J, Liu H, Chen J, Li Y, Song W (April 2008). "Apelin-13 induces ERK1/2 but not p38 MAPK activation through coupling of the human apelin receptor to the Gi2 pathway". Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 40 (4): 311–8. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00403.x. PMID 18401529.
Ishida J, Hashimoto T, Hashimoto Y, Nishiwaki S, Iguchi T, Harada S, et al. (June 2004). "Regulatory roles for APJ, a seven-transmembrane receptor related to angiotensin-type 1 receptor in blood pressure in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (25): 26274–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404149200. PMID 15087458.

External links

"Apelin Receptor: APJ". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2021-08-16. Retrieved 2007-10-27.
Apelin+receptor,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Human APLNR genome location and APLNR gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134817 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000044338 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8294032-5] O'Dowd BF, Heiber M, Chan A, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Kennedy JL, et al. (December 1993). "A human gene that shows identity with the gene encoding the angiotensin receptor is located on chromosome 11". Gene. 136 (1–2): 355–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90495-O. PMID 8294032.

[pmid9792798-6] Tatemoto K, Hosoya M, Habata Y, Fujii R, Kakegawa T, Zou MX, et al. (October 1998). "Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 251 (2): 471–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9489. PMID 9792798.

[pmid10617103-7] Lee DK, Cheng R, Nguyen T, Fan T, Kariyawasam AP, Liu Y, et al. (January 2000). "Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor". Journal of Neurochemistry. 74 (1): 34–41. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740034.x. PMID 10617103. S2CID 6548112.

[pmid12215493-8] Szokodi I, Tavi P, Földes G, Voutilainen-Myllylä S, Ilves M, Tokola H, et al. (September 2002). "Apelin, the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, regulates cardiac contractility". Circulation Research. 91 (5): 434–40. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000033522.37861.69. PMID 12215493.

[pmid24316148-9] Chng SC, Ho L, Tian J, Reversade B (December 2013). "ELABELA: a hormone essential for heart development signals via the apelin receptor". Developmental Cell. 27 (6): 672–80. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.002. PMID 24316148.

[pmid24407481-10] Pauli A, Norris ML, Valen E, Chew GL, Gagnon JA, Zimmerman S, et al. (February 2014). "Toddler: an embryonic signal that promotes cell movement via Apelin receptors". Science. 343 (6172): 1248636. doi:10.1126/science.1248636. PMC 4107353. PMID 24407481.

[11] Ma Y, Yue Y, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Song Y, et al. (June 2017). "Structural Basis for Apelin Control of the Human Apelin Receptor". Structure. 25 (6): 858–866.e4. doi:10.1016/j.str.2017.04.008. PMID 28528775.

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References

Further reading

External links