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| 2024 | ||||||
| April 8 in recent years |
| 2023 (Saturday) |
| 2022 (Friday) |
| 2021 (Thursday) |
| 2020 (Wednesday) |
| 2019 (Monday) |
| 2018 (Sunday) |
| 2017 (Saturday) |
| 2016 (Friday) |
| 2015 (Wednesday) |
| 2014 (Tuesday) |
April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 267 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
- 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.[1]
- 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.[2]
- 1139 – Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated by Innocent II for supporting Anacletus II as pope for seven years, even though Roger had already publicly recognized Innocent's claim to the papacy.[3]
- 1232 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongols begin their siege on Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty.[4]
- 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.[5]
- 1271 – In Syria, sultan Baibars conquers the Krak des Chevaliers.[6]
1601–1900
- 1605 – The city of Oulu, Finland, is founded by Charles IX of Sweden.[7]
- 1730 – Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in continental North America, is dedicated.[8]
- 1812 – Czar Alexander I, the Russian Emperor and the Grand Duke of Finland, officially announces the transfer of the status of the Finnish capital from Turku to Helsinki.[9][10]
- 1820 – The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos.[11]
- 1832 – Black Hawk War: Around 300 United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.[12]
- 1866 – Austro-Prussian War: Italy and Prussia sign a secret alliance against the Austrian Empire.[13]
- 1886 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.[14]
- 1895 – In Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional.[15]
1901–present
- 1904 – The French Third Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland sign the Entente cordiale.[16]
- 1906 – Auguste Deter, the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, dies.
- 1908 – Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.
- 1911 – Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers superconductivity.
- 1913 – The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.
- 1918 – World War I: Actors Douglas Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin sell war bonds on the streets of New York City's financial district.
- 1924 – Sharia courts are abolished in Turkey, as part of Atatürk's Reforms.
- 1929 – Indian independence movement: At the Delhi Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw handouts and bombs to court arrest.
- 1935 – The Works Progress Administration is formed when the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 becomes law.
- 1940 – The Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party elects Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal as General Secretary, marking the beginning of his 44-year-long tenure as de facto leader of Mongolia.[17]
- 1942 – World War II: The Japanese take Bataan in the Philippines.
- 1943 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases by common carriers and public utilities.
- 1943 – Otto and Elise Hampel are executed in Berlin for their anti-Nazi activities.
- 1945 – World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4,000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis.
- 1946 – Électricité de France, the world's largest utility company, is formed as a result of the nationalisation of a number of electricity producers, transporters and distributors.
- 1950 – India and Pakistan sign the Liaquat–Nehru Pact.
- 1952 – U.S. President Harry Truman calls for the seizure of all domestic steel mills in an attempt to prevent the 1952 steel strike.
- 1953 – Mau Mau leader Jomo Kenyatta is convicted by British Kenya's rulers.
- 1954 – A Royal Canadian Air Force Canadair Harvard collides with a Trans-Canada Airlines Canadair North Star over Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, killing 37 people.
- 1954 – South African Airways Flight 201 A de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1 crashes into the sea during night killing 21 people.
- 1959 – A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.
- 1959 – The Organization of American States drafts an agreement to create the Inter-American Development Bank.
- 1960 – The Netherlands and West Germany sign an agreement to negotiate the return of German land annexed by the Dutch in return for 280 million German marks as Wiedergutmachung.
- 1968 – BOAC Flight 712 catches fire shortly after takeoff. As a result of her actions in the accident, Barbara Jane Harrison is awarded a posthumous George Cross, the only GC awarded to a woman in peacetime.
- 1970 – Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing: Israeli bombers accidentally strike an Egyptian school. Forty-six children are killed.
- 1975 – Frank Robinson manages the Cleveland Indians in his first game as major league baseball's first African American manager.
- 1987 – Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis resigns amid controversy over racist remarks he had made while on Nightline.
- 1992 – Retired tennis great Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS, acquired from blood transfusions during one of his two heart surgeries.
- 1993 – The Republic of North Macedonia joins the United Nations.
- 1993 – The Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on mission STS-56.[18]
- 2004 – War in Darfur: The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government, the Justice and Equality Movement, and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army.
- 2005 – A solar eclipse occurs, visible over areas of the Pacific Ocean and Latin American countries such as Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela.[19]
- 2006 – Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Shedden, Elgin County, Ontario. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos Motorcycle Club.
- 2008 – The construction of the world's first skyscraper to integrate wind turbines is completed in Bahrain.
- 2010 – U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev sign the New START Treaty.[20]
- 2013 – The Islamic State of Iraq enters the Syrian Civil War and begins by declaring a merger with the Al-Nusra Front under the name Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham.
- 2014 – Windows XP reaches its standard End Of Life and is no longer supported.[21]
- 2020 – Bernie Sanders ends his presidential campaign, leaving Joe Biden as the Democratic Party's nominee.[22]
Births
Pre-1600
- 1320 – Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367)
- 1408 – Jadwiga of Lithuania, Polish princess (d. 1431)
- 1435 – John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford, English noble (d. 1461)[23]
- 1533 – Claudio Merulo, Italian organist and composer (d. 1604)[24]
- 1536 – Barbara of Hesse (d. 1597)
- 1541 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and archaeologist (d. 1593)
- 1580 – William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English noble, courtier and patron of the arts (d. 1630)
- 1596 – Juan van der Hamen, Spanish artist (d. 1631)
1601–1900
- 1605 – Philip IV of Spain (d. 1665)
- 1605 – Mary Stuart, English-Scottish princess (d. 1607)
- 1641 – Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (d. 1704)
- 1692 – Giuseppe Tartini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1770)
- 1726 – Lewis Morris, American judge and politician (d. 1798)
- 1732 – David Rittenhouse, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1796)
- 1761 – William Joseph Chaminade, French priest, founded the Society of Mary (d. 1850)
- 1770 – John Thomas Campbell, Irish-Australian banker and politician (d. 1830)
- 1798 – Dionysios Solomos, Greek poet and author (d. 1857)
- 1818 – Christian IX of Denmark (d. 1906)
- 1818 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann, German chemist and academic (d. 1892)
- 1826 – Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican soldier (d. 1890)
- 1827 – Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican ophthalmologist, journalist, and politician (d. 1898)[25]
- 1842 – Elizabeth Bacon Custer, American author and educator (d. 1933)
- 1859 – Edmund Husserl, German Jewish-Austrian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1938)
- 1864 – Carlos Deltour, French rower and rugby player (d. 1920)
- 1867 – Allen Butler Talcott, American painter and educator (d. 1908)
- 1869 – Harvey Cushing, American surgeon and academic (d. 1939)
- 1871 – Clarence Hudson White, American photographer and educator (d. 1925)
- 1874 – Manuel Díaz, Cuban fencer (d. 1929)
- 1874 – Stanisław Taczak, Polish general (d. 1960)
- 1875 – Albert I of Belgium (d. 1934)
- 1882 (O.S. 27 March) – Dmytro Doroshenko, Lithuanian-Ukrainian historian and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine and Prime Minister of Ukraine (d. 1951)
- 1883 – R. P. Keigwin, English cricketer and academic (d. 1972)
- 1883 – Julius Seljamaa, Estonian journalist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (d. 1936)
- 1885 – Dimitrios Levidis, Greek-French soldier, composer, and educator (d. 1951)
- 1886 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American author and playwright (d. 1967)[26]
- 1888 – Dennis Chávez, American journalist and politician (d. 1962)
- 1889 – Adrian Boult, English conductor (d. 1983)
- 1892 – Richard Neutra, Austrian-American architect, designer of the Los Angeles County Hall of Records (d. 1970)
- 1892 – Mary Pickford, Canadian-American actress, producer, screenwriter and co-founder of United Artists (d. 1979)[27]
- 1896 – Yip Harburg, American composer (d. 1981)
- 1900 – Marie Byles, Australian solicitor (d. 1979) [28]
1901–present
- 1902 – Andrew Irvine, English mountaineer and explorer (d. 1924)
- 1902 – Maria Maksakova Sr., Russian soprano (d. 1974)
- 1904 – John Hicks, English economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
- 1904 – Hirsch Jacobs, American horse trainer (d. 1970)
- 1905 – Joachim Büchner, German sprinter and graphic designer (d. 1978)
- 1905 – Helen Joseph, English-South African activist (d. 1992)
- 1905 – Erwin Keller, German field hockey player (d. 1971)
- 1906 – Raoul Jobin, Canadian tenor and educator (d. 1974)
- 1908 – Hugo Fregonese, Argentinian director and screenwriter (d. 1987)[29]
- 1909 – John Fante, American author and screenwriter (d. 1983)
- 1910 – George Musso, American football player and police officer (d. 2000)
- 1911 – Melvin Calvin, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
- 1911 – Emil Cioran, Romanian-French philosopher and academic (d. 1995)
- 1912 – Alois Brunner, Austrian-German SS officer (d. 2001 or 2010)
- 1912 – Sonja Henie, Norwegian-American figure skater and actress (d. 1969)
- 1914 – María Félix, Yaqui/Basque-Mexican actress (d. 2002)
- 1915 – Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, philosopher and writer (d. 2007)
- 1917 – Winifred Asprey, American mathematician and computer scientist (d. 2007)
- 1917 – Lloyd Bott, Australian public servant (d. 2004)
- 1917 – Hubertus Ernst, Dutch bishop (d. 2017)
- 1917 – Grigori Kuzmin, Russian-Estonian astronomer (d. 1988)
- 1918 – Betty Ford, American wife of Gerald Ford, 40th First Lady of the United States (d. 2011)
- 1918 – Glendon Swarthout, American author and academic (d. 1992)
- 1919 – Ian Smith, Zimbabwean lieutenant and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Rhodesia (d. 2007)
- 1921 – Franco Corelli, Italian tenor and actor (d. 2003)
- 1920 – Carmen McRae, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress (d. 1994)
- 1921 – Jan Novák, Czech composer (d. 1984)
- 1921 – Herman van Raalte, Dutch footballer (d. 2013)
- 1923 – George Fisher, American cartoonist (d. 2003)
- 1923 – Edward Mulhare, Irish-American actor (d. 1997)
- 1924 – Frédéric Back, German-Canadian animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
- 1924 – Anthony Farrar-Hockley, English general and historian (d. 2006)
- 1924 – Kumar Gandharva, Hindustani classical singer (d. 1992)
- 1924 – Sara Northrup Hollister, American occultist (d. 1997)
- 1926 – Henry N. Cobb, American architect and academic, co-founded Pei Cobb Freed & Partners (d. 2020)
- 1926 – Shecky Greene, American comedian (d. 2023)
- 1926 – Jürgen Moltmann, German theologian and academic
- 1927 – Tilly Armstrong, English author (d. 2010)
- 1927 – Ollie Mitchell, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 2013)
- 1928 – Fred Ebb, American lyricist (d. 2004)
- 1929 – Jacques Brel, Belgian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1978)
- 1929 – Renzo De Felice, Italian historian and author (d. 1996)
- 1930 – Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma (d. 2010)
- 1931 – John Gavin, American actor and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Mexico (d. 2018)[30]
- 1932 – Iskandar of Johor (d. 2010)
- 1933 – James Lockhart, American scholar of colonial Latin America, especially Nahua peoples (d. 2014)
- 1934 – Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect, designed the Nakagin Capsule Tower and Singapore Flyer (d. 2007)
- 1935 – Oscar Zeta Acosta, American lawyer and politician (d. 1974)
- 1935 – Albert Bustamante, American soldier, educator, and politician
- 1937 – Tony Barton, English footballer and manager (d. 1993)[31]
- 1937 – Seymour Hersh, American journalist and author
- 1937 – Momo Kapor, Serbian author and painter (d. 2010)
- 1938 – Kofi Annan, Ghanaian economist and diplomat, 7th Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 2018)
- 1938 – John Hamm, Canadian physician and politician, 25th Premier of Nova Scotia
- 1938 – Mary W. Gray, American mathematician, statistician, and lawyer
- 1939 – Manolis Angelopoulos, Greek singer, composer and songwriter (d. 1989)[32]
- 1939 – John Arbuthnott, Scottish microbiologist and academic
- 1939 – Trina Schart Hyman, American author and illustrator (d. 2004)
- 1939 – Martin J. Schreiber, American politician, 39th Governor of Wisconsin[33]
- 1940 – John Havlicek, American basketball player (d. 2019)
- 1941 – Vivienne Westwood, English fashion designer (d. 2022)
- 1942 – Tony Banks, Baron Stratford, Northern Irish politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics (d. 2006)
- 1942 – Roger Chapman, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1942 – Douglas Trumbull, American director, producer, and special effects artist (d. 2022)
- 1943 – Michael Bennett, American dancer, choreographer, and director (d. 1987)
- 1943 – Miller Farr, American football player
- 1943 – James Herbert, English author and illustrator (d. 2013)
- 1943 – Chris Orr, English painter and illustrator
- 1944 – Hywel Bennett, Welsh actor (d. 2017)
- 1944 – Odd Nerdrum, Swedish-Norwegian painter and illustrator
- 1945 – Derrick Walker, Scottish businessman
- 1945 – Jang Yong, South Korean actor
- 1946 – Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (d. 1999)
- 1946 – Tim Thomerson, American actor and producer
- 1947 – Tom DeLay, American lawyer and politician
- 1947 – Steve Howe, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
- 1947 – Pascal Lamy, French businessman and politician, European Commissioner for Trade
- 1947 – Larry Norman, American singer-songwriter, and producer (d. 2008)
- 1948 – Barbara Young, Baroness Young of Old Scone, Scottish academic and politician
- 1949 – K. C. Kamalasabayson, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 39th Attorney General of Sri Lanka (d. 2007)
- 1949 – John Madden, English director and producer
- 1949 – Brenda Russell, African-American-Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboard player
- 1949 – John Scott, English sociologist and academic
- 1950 – Grzegorz Lato, Polish footballer and coach
- 1951 – Gerd Andres, German politician
- 1951 – Geir Haarde, Icelandic economist, journalist, and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Iceland
- 1951 – Mel Schacher, American bass player
- 1951 – Joan Sebastian, Mexican singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2015)
- 1951 – Phil Schaap, American jazz disc jockey and historian (d. 2021)[34][35]
- 1952 – Ahmet Piriştina, Turkish politician (d. 2004)
- 1954 – Gary Carter, American baseball player and coach (d. 2012)
- 1954 – Princess Lalla Amina of Morocco (d. 2012)
- 1954 – G.V. Loganathan, Indian-American engineer and academic (d. 2007)
- 1955 – Gerrie Coetzee, South African boxer (d. 2023)
- 1955 – Ron Johnson, American businessman and politician[36]
- 1955 – Barbara Kingsolver, American novelist, essayist and poet[37]
- 1955 – David Wu, Taiwanese-American lawyer and politician[38]
- 1956 – Michael Benton, Scottish-English paleontologist and academic
- 1956 – Christine Boisson, French actress
- 1956 – Roman Dragoun, Czech singer-songwriter and keyboard player
- 1958 – Detlef Bruckhoff, German footballer
- 1958 – Tom Petranoff, American javelin thrower and coach
- 1959 – Alain Bondue, French cyclist
- 1960 – John Schneider, American actor and country singer
- 1961 – Richard Hatch, American reality contestant
- 1961 – Brian McDermott, English footballer and manager
- 1962 – Paddy Lowe, English engineer
- 1962 – Izzy Stradlin, American guitarist and songwriter
- 1963 – Tine Asmundsen, Norwegian bassist
- 1963 – Julian Lennon, English singer-songwriter
- 1963 – Dean Norris, American actor[39]
- 1963 – Terry Porter, American basketball player and coach
- 1963 – Donita Sparks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1963 – Alec Stewart, English cricketer
- 1963 – Seth Tobias, American businessman (d. 2007)
- 1964 – Biz Markie, American rapper, producer, and actor (d. 2021)
- 1964 – John McGinlay, Scottish footballer and manager
- 1965 – Steven Blaney, Canadian businessman and politician, 5th Canadian Minister of Public Safety
- 1965 – Michael Jones, New Zealand rugby player and coach
- 1966 – Iveta Bartošová, Czech singer and actress (d. 2014)
- 1966 – Mark Blundell, English race car driver
- 1966 – Andy Currier, English rugby league player
- 1966 – Charlotte Dawson, New Zealand-Australian television host (d. 2014)
- 1966 – Dalton Grant, English high jumper
- 1966 – Mazinho, Brazilian footballer, coach, and manager
- 1966 – Harri Rovanperä, Finnish race car driver
- 1966 – Evripidis Stylianidis, Greek lawyer and politician, Greek Minister for the Interior
- 1966 – Robin Wright, American actress, director, producer
- 1967 – Kenny Benjamin, Antiguan cricketer
- 1968 – Patricia Arquette, American actress and director
- 1968 – Patricia Girard, French runner and hurdler
- 1968 – Tracy Grammer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1971 – Darren Jessee, American singer-songwriter and drummer
- 1972 – Paul Gray, American bass player and songwriter (d. 2010)
- 1972 – Sergei Magnitsky, Russian lawyer and accountant (d. 2009)
- 1973 – Khaled Badra, Tunisian footballer
- 1973 – Emma Caulfield, American actress
- 1974 – Toutai Kefu, Tongan-Australian rugby player
- 1974 – Chris Kyle, American sniper and memoirist (d. 2013)[40]
- 1974 – Nnedi Okorafor, Nigerian-American author and educator
- 1975 – Anouk, Dutch singer
- 1975 – Francesco Flachi, Italian footballer
- 1975 – Timo Pérez, Dominican-American baseball player
- 1975 – Funda Arar, Turkish singer
- 1977 – Ana de la Reguera, Mexican actress
- 1977 – Mehran Ghassemi, Iranian journalist and author (d. 2008)
- 1977 – Mark Spencer, American computer programmer and engineer
- 1978 – Daigo, Japanese singer-songwriter, actor, and voice actor
- 1978 – Bernt Haas, Austrian-Swiss footballer
- 1978 – Rachel Roberts, Canadian model and actress
- 1978 – Jocelyn Robichaud, Canadian tennis player and coach
- 1978 – Evans Rutto, Kenyan runner
- 1979 – Alexi Laiho, Finnish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2020)
- 1979 – Amit Trivedi, Indian singer-songwriter
- 1980 – Manuel Ortega, Austrian singer
- 1980 – Katee Sackhoff, American actress
- 1980 – Mariko Seyama, Japanese announcer, photographer, and model
- 1981 – Frédérick Bousquet, French swimmer
- 1981 – Taylor Kitsch, Canadian actor and model[41]
- 1981 – Ofer Shechter, Israeli model, actor, and screenwriter
- 1982 – Gennady Golovkin, Kazakhstani boxer
- 1982 – Brett White, Australian rugby league player
- 1983 – Tatyana Petrova Arkhipova, Russian runner
- 1984 – Michelle Donelan, British politician
- 1984 – Ezra Koenig, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1984 – Pablo Portillo, Mexican singer and actor
- 1984 – Taran Noah Smith, American actor
- 1985 – Patrick Schliwa, German rugby player
- 1985 – Yemane Tsegay, Ethiopian runner
- 1986 – Igor Akinfeev, Russian footballer
- 1986 – Félix Hernández, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1986 – Carlos Santana, Dominican baseball player[42]
- 1987 – Royston Drenthe, Dutch footballer
- 1987 – Jeremy Hellickson, American baseball player
- 1987 – Elton John, Trinidadian footballer[43]
- 1987 – Sam Rapira, New Zealand rugby league player
- 1988 – Jenni Asserholt, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1990 – Kim Jong-hyun, South Korean singer (d. 2017)[44] [45]
- 1992 – Jeff McNeil, American baseball player[46]
- 1993 – Viktor Arvidsson, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1994 – Josh Chudleigh, Australian rugby league player
- 1995 – Cedi Osman, Turkish professional basketball player
- 1996 – Anna Korakaki, Greek Olympic shooter[47]
- 1997 – Kim Woo-jin, South Korean singer[48]
- 1997 – Saygrace, Australian singer and songwriter[49]
- 1997 – Roquan Smith, American football player[50]
- 1997 – Arno Verschueren, Belgian footballer
- 1998 – Lavinia Valbonesi, Ecuadorian nutritionist, businesswoman and First Lady-designate of Ecuador[51]
- 1999 – CeeDee Lamb, American football player[52]
- 2002 – Viktória Forster, Slovak track and field athlete[53]
- 2002 – Skai Jackson, American actress
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 217 – Caracalla, Roman emperor (b. 188)[54]
- 622 – Shōtoku, Japanese prince (b. 572)
- 632 – Charibert II, Frankish king (b. 607)
- 894 – Adalelm, Frankish nobleman
- 944 – Wang Yanxi, Chinese emperor
- 956 – Gilbert, Frankish nobleman
- 967 – Mu'izz al-Dawla, Buyid emir (b. 915)
- 1143 – John II Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1087)
- 1150 – Gertrude of Babenberg, duchess of Bohemia (b. 1118)
- 1321 – Thomas of Tolentino, Italian-Franciscan missionary (b. c. 1255)
- 1338 – Stephen Gravesend, bishop of London
- 1364 – John II, French king (b. 1319)
- 1450 – Sejong the Great, Korean king (b. 1397)
- 1461 – Georg von Peuerbach, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1423)
- 1492 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1449)
- 1551 – Oda Nobuhide, Japanese warlord (b. 1510)
- 1586 – Martin Chemnitz, Lutheran theologian and reformer (b. 1522)
1601–1900
- 1608 – Magdalen Dacre, English noble (b. 1538)
- 1612 – Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (b. 1575)
- 1691 – Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect, designed the Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto (b. 1611)
- 1697 – Niels Juel, Norwegian-Danish admiral (b. 1629)
- 1704 – Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist and philologist (b. 1624)
- 1704 – Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English colonel and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1641)
- 1709 – Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
- 1725 – John Wise, American minister (b. 1652)
- 1735 – Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian prince (b. 1676)
- 1848 – Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (b. 1797)
- 1860 – István Széchenyi, Hungarian statesman and reformer (b.1791) [55]
- 1861 – Elisha Otis, American businessman, founded the Otis Elevator Company (b. 1811)
- 1870 – Charles Auguste de Bériot, Belgian violinist and composer (b. 1802)
- 1877 – Bernardino António Gomes, Portuguese physician and naturalist (b. 1806)[56]
- 1894 – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian journalist, author, and poet (b. 1838)
1901–present
- 1906 – Auguste Deter, German woman, first person diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (b. 1850)
- 1919 – Loránd Eötvös, Hungarian physicist, academic, and politician, Hungarian Minister of Education (b. 1848)
- 1920 – Charles Griffes, American pianist and composer (b. 1884)
- 1931 – Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish poet Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1864)
- 1936 – Róbert Bárány, Austrian physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
- 1936 – Božena Benešová, Czech poet and novelist (b. 1873)
- 1941 – Marcel Prévost, French novelist and playwright (b. 1862)
- 1942 – Kostas Skarvelis, Greek guitarist and composer (b. 1880)
- 1947 – Olaf Frydenlund, Norwegian target shooter (b. 1862)
- 1950 – Vaslav Nijinsky, Polish dancer and choreographer (b. 1890)
- 1959 – Marios Makrionitis, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Athens (b. 1913)
- 1961 – Joseph Carrodus, Australian public servant (b. 1885)
- 1962 – Juan Belmonte, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1892)
- 1965 – Lars Hanson, Swedish actor (b. 1886)
- 1969 – Zinaida Aksentyeva, Ukrainian astronomer (b. 1900)
- 1973 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (b. 1881)
- 1974 – James Charles McGuigan, Canadian cardinal (b. 1894)
- 1979 – Breece D'J Pancake, American short story writer (b. 1952)
- 1981 – Omar Bradley, American general (b. 1893)
- 1983 – Isamu Kosugi, Japanese actor and director (b. 1904)
- 1984 – Pyotr Kapitsa, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1894)
- 1985 – John Frederick Coots, American pianist and composer (b. 1897)
- 1990 – Ryan White, American activist, inspired the Ryan White Care Act (b. 1971)
- 1991 – Per Ohlin, Swedish musician (b. 1969)
- 1992 – Daniel Bovet, Swiss-Italian pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
- 1993 – Marian Anderson, American operatic singer (b. 1897)
- 1994 – François Rozet, French-Canadian actor (b. 1899)
- 1996 – Ben Johnson, American actor and stuntman (b. 1918)
- 1996 – León Klimovsky, Argentinian-Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1906)
- 1996 – Mick Young, Australian politician (b. 1936)
- 1997 – Laura Nyro, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1947)
- 2000 – František Šťastný, Czech motorcycle racer (b. 1927)
- 2000 – Claire Trevor, American actress (b. 1910)
- 2002 – María Félix, Mexican actress (b. 1914)
- 2002 – Harvey Quaytman, American painter (b. 1937)
- 2004 – Werner Schumacher, German actor (b. 1921)
- 2005 – Onna White, Canadian choreographer and dancer (b. 1922)
- 2006 – Gerard Reve, Dutch author and poet (b. 1923)
- 2007 – Sol LeWitt, American painter and sculptor (b. 1928)
- 2008 – Kazuo Shiraga, Japanese painter (b. 1924)
- 2009 – Richard de Mille, American Scientologist, author, investigative journalist, and psychologist (b. 1922)
- 2009 – Piotr Morawski, Polish mountaineer (b. 1976)
- 2010 – Malcolm McLaren, English singer-songwriter (b. 1946)
- 2010 – Teddy Scholten, Dutch singer (b. 1926)
- 2011 – Hedda Sterne, Romanian-American painter and photographer (b. 1910)
- 2012 – Blair Kiel, American football player and coach (b. 1961)
- 2012 – Jack Tramiel, Polish-American businessman, founded Commodore International (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Janusz K. Zawodny, Polish-American soldier, historian, and political scientist (b. 1921)
- 2013 – Mikhail Beketov, Russian journalist (b. 1958)
- 2013 – Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (b. 1942)
- 2013 – Sara Montiel, Spanish-Mexican actress and singer (b. 1928)
- 2013 – José Luis Sampedro, Spanish economist and author (b. 1917)
- 2013 – Margaret Thatcher, English politician, first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1925)[57]
- 2014 – Emmanuel III Delly, Iraqi patriarch (b. 1927)
- 2014 – Karlheinz Deschner, German author and activist (b. 1924)
- 2014 – Ivan Mercep, New Zealand architect, designed the Te Papa Tongarewa Museum (b. 1930)
- 2015 – Jayakanthan, Indian journalist and author (b. 1934)
- 2015 – Rayson Huang, Hong Kong chemist and academic (b. 1920)
- 2015 – Sergei Lashchenko, Ukrainian kick-boxer (b. 1987)
- 2015 – David Laventhol, American journalist and publisher (b. 1933)
- 2015 – Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (b. 1936)
- 2019 – Josine Ianco-Starrels, Romanian-born American art curator (b. 1926)[58]
- 2020 – Rick May, American-Canadian voice actor (b. 1940)[59]
- 2020 – Abdul Momin Imambari, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar (b. 1930)[60]
- 2022 – Mimi Reinhardt, Austrian Jewish secretary (b. 1915)[61]
Holidays and observances
- Buddha's Birthday, also known as Hana Matsuri, "Flower Festival" (Japan)
- Christian feast day:
- Earliest day on which Fast and Prayer Day can fall, while April 14 is the latest; celebrated on the second Friday in April (Liberia)
- International Romani Day
References
- ↑ Ando, Clifford (2012). Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 62–63. ISBN 9780748620500.
- ↑ Popović, Alexander (1999). The Revolt of African Slaves in Iraq in the 3rd/9th Century. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 74. ISBN 9781558761629.
- ↑ Norwich, John Julius (2011). Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy. New York: Random House. pp. 135–136. ISBN 9781400067152.
- ↑ Jaques, Tony; Showalter, Dennis E. (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles From Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 502. ISBN 9780313335365.
- ↑ Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). "Overview of 1200-1400: Chronology". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Vol.1: ca. 3000 BCE—1499 CE. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC=CLIO. p. 282. ISBN 9781851096671.
- ↑ Baumer, Christopher (2017). The History of Central Asia. Volume 3: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 219. ISBN 9781784534905.
- ↑ Some History – City of Oulu
- ↑ Sarna, Jonathan D. (1995). "The Evolution of the American Synagogue". In Seltzer, Robert M.; Cohen, Norman J. (eds.). The Americanization of the Jews. New York: New York University Press. p. 217. ISBN 9780814788806.
- ↑ "Bicentennial of Helsinki as Finnish capital". Yle News. April 8, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
- ↑ "Lobbying for Helsinki 200 years ago". Helsinki Times. April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
- ↑ "Venus de Milo | sculpture". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ↑ McGuire, Randy R. (2001). St. Louis Arsenal: Armory of the West. Chicago: Arcadia Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 9780738507804.
- ↑ Wawro, Geoffrey (1996). The Austro-Prussian War: Austria's War With Prussia and Italy in 1866. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 43, fn. 18. ISBN 9780521560597.
- ↑ Altholz, Josef L. (2000). Selected Documents in Irish History. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 101. ISBN 9780765605412.
- ↑ Putney, Albert H. (1908). United States Constitutional History and Law. Chicago: Illinois Book Exchange. p. 234. ISBN 9780722273838. OCLC 1304138030.
- ↑ "BBC - History : British History Timeline". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ↑ "Миний мэдэх Бал дарга – Юмжаагийн Цэдэнбал". tsedenbal.mn (in Mongolian). 2020-11-21. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ↑
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Ryba, Jeanne. "STS-56". NASA. Retrieved 11 March 2022. - ↑ "Partial Solar Eclipse: April 8, 2005". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
- ↑ "Barack Obama - Key Events | Miller Center". millercenter.org. 2016-10-07. Retrieved 2022-01-11.
- ↑ Security, Microsoft (2013-08-15). "The Risk of Running Windows XP After Support Ends April 2014". Microsoft Security Blog. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
- ↑ "Bernie Sanders, who reshaped US politics, ends 2020 presidential run". the Guardian. 2020-04-08. Retrieved 2022-01-10.
- ↑ William Harbutt Dawson (1882). History of Skipton: (W. R. Yorks.). Simpkin, Marshall. p. 32.
- ↑ John Morehen (2000). Ricercari d'intavolatura d'organo: 1567. A-R Editions, Inc. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-89579-476-5.
- ↑ The San Juan review. 1965. p. 4.
- ↑ Taylor, Lloyd C. (1974). Margaret Ayer Barnes. Boston: Twayne Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-80570-037-4.
- ↑ Magill, Frank Northen (1995). Great Lives from History. Pasadena: Salem Press. p. 1447. ISBN 978-0-89356-896-2.
- ↑ Radi, Heather. "Byles, Marie Beuzeville (1900–1979)". Marie Byles. Canberra: Australian Dictionary of Biography.
- ↑ Robert Murphy (11 September 2006). Directors in British and Irish Cinema: A Reference Companion. British Film Institute. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-84457-126-0.
- ↑ Ronald Bergan (14 April 2018). "John Gavin obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ↑ "Tony Barton". footballdatabase.eu. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ↑ "Σαν Σήμερα / To 1989 πεθαίνει στο Λονδίνο ο Μανώλης Αγγελόπουλος". LIFO (in Greek). 2 April 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ↑ Hannan, Caryn (2008-01-01). Wisconsin Biographical Dictionary. North American Book Dist LLC, Dec 1, 2008. p. 368. ISBN 9781878592637.
- ↑ Genzlinger, Neil (September 8, 2021). "Phil Schaap, Grammy-Winning Jazz D.J. and Historian, Dies at 70". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
- ↑ Page, Tim (8 September 2021). "Phil Schaap, jazz scholar, historian and broadcaster, dies at 70". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ↑
- ↑ Maryland Biographical Dictionary. Native Amer Books. 1999. p. 317. ISBN 9780403098231.
- ↑
- ↑ Feser, Molly (9 April 2021). "Dean Norris Shares Funny Breaking Bad Deleted Scene to Celebrate Birthday". Screen Rant. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ↑ "Christopher Scott Kyle". Texas State Cemetery. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ↑ Boardman, Madeline (8 April 2016). "35 Photos of Taylor Kitsch for His 35th Birthday". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ↑ "Carlos Santana". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ↑ "Trinidad and Tobago - e. John - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway".
- ↑ Mark Russell (April 29, 2014). K-Pop Now!: The Korean Music Revolution. Tuttle Publishing. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-4629-1411-1. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
- ↑ "Shinee singer Jonghyun: K-pop boy band superstar dies". BBC News. December 18, 2017. Archived from the original on December 18, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ↑ "Jeff McNeil". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ↑ "KORAKAKI Anna - Olympic Shooting | Greece". www.rio2016.com. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ↑ Baek, Ji-eun (October 31, 2017). [화요일 예능] JYP '스트레이 키즈' 3회, 첫 탈락자 누구? 방찬·김우진·이민호·서창빈·황현진·한지성·필릭스·김승민·양정인. Global Economic (in Korean). Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ↑ "Here's the Breakup Anthem You Should Jam Out to, Based on Your Zodiac Sign". 19 November 2019.
- ↑ "Roquan Smith". ESPN. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ↑ "Lavinia Valbonesi, la influencer de 25 años que se ha convertido en primera dama de Ecuador" (in Spanish). La Razon. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ↑ "CeeDee Lamb". ESPN. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ↑ "Viktória Forster". Slovenský olympijský tím (in Slovak). 8 April 2002. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ↑ "Caracalla | Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
- ↑ Gróf Széchenyi István írói és hírlapi vitája Kossuth Lajossal [Count Stephen Széchenyi's Literary and Publicistic Debate with Louis Kossuth], ed. Gyula Viszota, 2 vols. (Budapest: Magyar Történelmi Társulat, 1927–1930).
- ↑ Almeida, Maria Antónia Pires de (2014). "Combatendo epidemias: Bernardino António Gomes, Sousa Martins, Ricardo Jorge, Câmara Pestana, Almeida Garrett, Fernando da Silva Correia". In Rollo, Maria Fernanda; Nunes, Maria de Fátima; Esperança Pina, Madalena; Queiroz, Maria Inês (eds.). Espaços e Actores da Ciência em Portugal (XVIII-XX) (in Portuguese). Lisboa: Caleidoscópio. pp. 309–326. hdl:10071/12242. ISBN 9789896582746.
- ↑ "Margaret Thatcher | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ↑ Muchnic, Suzanne (April 19, 2019). "Josine Ianco-Starrels, curator who helped shape L.A. art scene, dies at 92". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
- ↑ "Rick May – In Memoriam". Rekindle School. April 8, 2020. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ↑ "জমিয়তের আমীর শায়খ আব্দুল মুমিন মারা গেছেন". Bhorer Kagoj (in Bengali). 8 April 2020.
- ↑ "Mimi Reinhard obituary". the Guardian. 2022-04-27. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
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