The chronology of the Crusades after 1400 provides a detailed timeline of the Crusades and considers the Crusades of the 15th century. This continues the chronology of the later Crusades through 1400. In the Middle East, the threats to the Christian West were from the Mamluks, the Timurids and the Ottomans. The latter would also threaten Eastern Europe and would emerge as the primary Islamic dynasty opposing the West. The Byzantine Empire would no longer exist, but the Reconquista was working well and would be resolved by the end of the 15th century.[1] The works of Norman Housley, in particular, describe the Crusading movement in this timeframe,[2] the impact of the fall of Constantinople in 1453,[3] and the manifestation of Crusading propaganda.[4]

Chronologies of the Crusades in print

Numerous chronologies of the Crusades have been published and include the following.

  • A Chronology of the Crusades, covering the crusades from 1055–1456, by Timothy Venning.[5]
  • Chronology and Maps, covering 1095–1789, in The Oxford History of the Crusades, edited by Jonathan Riley-Smith.[6]
  • A Chronological Outline of the Crusades: Background, Military Expeditions, and Crusader States, covering 160–1798, in The Routledge Companion to the Crusades, by Peter Lock.[7]
  • A Narrative Outline of the Crusades, covering 1096-1488, ibid.[8]
  • The Crusades: A Chronology, covering 1096–1444, in The Crusades—An Encyclopedia, edited by Alan V. Murray.[9]
  • Important Dates and Events, 1049–1571, in History of the Crusades, Volume III, edited by Kenneth M. Setton.[10]
  • Oxford Reference Timelines: Byzantine Empire, 330 – c. 1480;[11] Ottoman Empire, c. 1295 – 1923.[12]

Incumbent rulers in 1400

At the start of the 15th century, the rulers of the relevant countries, orders and dynasties were as follows.

Western Europe and Byzantium

Muslim World

Events from the late 14th century

A number of events from the late 14th century are key to the later timelines, including the following.

15th century

1400

1402

1404

1405

  • 14 February. Timur dies, Shah Rukh becomes ruler of Timurid Empire.[44]
  • 24 June. Innocent VII directs action against the heretical teachings of the Hussites.[45]

1406

1408

1409

1410

1411

1412

1413

1414

1415

1416

1417

1418

  • (Date unknown). Martin V authorizes of a crusade against Africa to combat the slave trade.[79]

1419

1420

1421

1422

1423

1424

1425

1426

1427

1428

1429

1430

1431

1432

1433

1434

1435

1436

1437

1438

1439

1440

1441

1442

1443

1444

1445

1446

1447

1448

1449

1450

1451

1452

1453

1454

1455

1456

1457

1458

1459

1460

1461

1462

1463

1464

1465

1466

1467

1468

1469

1470

1471

1472

1473

1474

1475

1476

1478

1479

1480

1481

1482

1483

1484

1485

1486

1487

1488

1489

1490

1491

1492

1493

1494

1495

  • 25 February. Cem Sultan dies on an expedition of Charles VIII to conquer Naples.[315]

1496

1497

1498

1499

16th century

1500

1501

1502

1503

1504

1505

1506

1507

1508

1509

1510

1511

  • 2–19 January. Papal forces defeat Ferrara at the Siege of Mirandola.[346]
  • 2 July. The Şahkulu rebellion in Anatolia against Ottoman rule is suppressed after three months. Şehzade Ahmed, son of Bayezid II, was tasked with the supression but instead tried to turn his troops against his father and brother.[347]

1512

  • 11 April. French and Ferrarese forces defeat the Papal forces at the Battle of Ravenna.[348]
  • 24 April. Selim I becomes sultan of the Ottoman Empire upon the abdication of Bayezid II, who dies on 26 May.[349]

1513

1514

1515

1516

1517

1518

1519

1520

1521

1522

1523

1526

1527

1528

1529

1530

1531

1532

1533

1534

1535

  • 1 June. Charles V leads the Reconquest of Tunis, taking the city from the Ottomans. As a result, Barbarossa's fleet is destroyed and nearly 30,000 inhabitants are massacred.[399]
  • (Date unknown). Suleiman I begins the rebuilding of the walls around Jerusalem.[400]

1536

1537

1538

1540

1541

1542

1543

1545

1546

  • 10 November. The third Siege of Diu fails to wrest the city from the Portuguese.[420]

1547

1548

1549

1550

1551

1552

1553

1554

1555

1559

1560

1561

1565

1566

  • 7 January. Pius V elected pope.[452]
  • April. Chios was captured from the Genoese after their surrender to Ottoman admiral Piyale Pasha.[453]
  • 6 September. Suleiman I dies at Turbék, enroute to the fortress at Szigetvár.[454]
  • 8 September. The Ottomans capture the city and fortress in the Siege of Szigetvár, joining it to the Budin Eyalet.[455]
  • 7 September. Selim II becomes Ottoman sultan. His seven brothers had died at this point, either by natural causes or on the orders of their father.[349]
  • (Date unknown). Pius V expels prostitutes from Rome and the Papal States.[456]

1568

1569

  • (Date unknown). The Capitulation of 1536 is renewed, exempting French merchants from Ottoman law and allowing them to travel, buy and sell throughout the sultanate and to pay low customs duties on French imports and exports.[461]

1570

1571

1572

1573

1574

1577

1578

1580

1590

1592

1593

1594

1595

1596

17th century

1603

1648

1683

  • 14 July – 12 September. Western forces defeat the Ottomans at the Battle of Vienna, the turning point for Ottoman expansion into Europe.[487]

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  5. ↑ Venning 2015, pp. 413–537, The Crusades after the loss of the Holy Land, 1292–1456.
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Bibliography

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