Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of warships protected cargo ships assembled for mutual defense and were attacked by submarines, surface ships and/or aircraft. Most were in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1943 and involved attacks by U-boat wolfpacks. Convoy battles also occurred in the Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and western Pacific Ocean.

Battles

Convoy Escort Date Located[1] Warships Bombers U-boats[1] Ships Sunk[1] GRT lost[1]
HX 65 — 24 August 1940[2] — 12[3] 3[4] 7[4] 42,311[4]
HX 72[5] — 20 September 1940 — — 9 11 72,727
SC 7 — 16 October 1940 — — 7 20 79,592
HX 79 — 19 October 1940 — — 5 12 75,069
HX 84[6] HMS Jervis Bay 5 November 1940 Scheer — — 5 33,331
HX 90 —[7] 1 December 1940 — — 7 11 73,958
HG 53 — 8 February 1941[8] Hipper[8] 5[8] 1[8] 9[8] 15,218[8]
SL 64 —[8] 12 February 1941[8] Hipper[8] — — 7[8] 32,806[8]
HX 112 5th EG[9] 15 March 1941 — — 5 5 34,505
SC 26 1 April 1941 — — 8 10 51,969
OB 318 3rd EG[10] 7 May 1941 — — 4 9 50,985
HX 126 HMS Aurania[11] 19 May 1941 — — 11 9 51,862
OG 69 — 24 July 1941 — — 8 7 11,303
OG 71 — 17 August 1941 — — 8 10 15,185
SC 42 NEF 24th EG[12] 9 September 1941 — — 19 16 68,259
HG 73 — 19 September 1941 — — 5 10 25,818
GM 2 Force H[13] 25 September 1941[14] 2 × BB[15] 62[16] 11[14] 1[17] 12,427[13]
SC 48 EG 4.1.15[18] 15 October 1941 — — 9 11 49,835
HG 76 36th EG[19] 16 December 1941 — — 10 4 18,383
NA 2 — 31 January 1942 — — 4 1 1,190
ON 67 TU 4.1.5[20] 21 February 1942[20] —[20] —[20] 5[20] 8[20] 54,750[21]
MW 10[22] — 21 March 1942 Littorio 9 3 2 17,031
PQ 13 — 28 March 1942 — — 9 2 11,507
ONS 92 A-3[23] 11 May 1942 — — 6 7 36,284
ONS 100 C-1[23] 8 June 1942 — — 6 5 20,478
MW 11[24] — 12 June 1942 — — 6 2 12,915
GM 4[24] Force X 14 June 1942 — — — 4 29,129
PQ 17[25] 1st EG 1 July 1942 — 202 sorties[26] 9 16 102,311
ON 115 C-3[23] 29 July 1942 — — 12 3 21,456
SC 94[23] C-1 5 August 1942 — — 17 11 53,421
WS.5.21.S[27] — 10 August 1942 — 316 2 9 88,812
ON 122[28] B-6[28] 22 August 1942 — — 14 4 17,235
ON 127 C-4[28] 9 September 1942 — — 12 8 51,619
PQ 18 — 12 September 1942 — 77 5 3 19,689
SC 100[28] C-4 18 September 1942 — — 17 5 26,331
QP 14 — 20 September 1942 — — 7 6 23,474
RB 1[29] — 23 September 1942 — — 9 3 11,525
SC 104[28] B-6 12 October 1942 — — 17 8 43,970
HX 212[28] A-3 26 October 1942 — — 13 6 51,918
SL 125 — 27 October 1942 — — 10 12 80,005
SC 107[28] C-4 30 October 1942 — — 16 15 82,817
ON 144[28] B-6 15 November 1942 — — 13 6 26,321
ON 153 B-7[28] 15 December 1942 — — 13 4 19,551
JW 51B[30] — 24 December 1942 2 × CA — 1 — —[31]
ONS 154[28] C-1 26 December 1942[32] 0[33] —[33] 16[32] 14[33] 69,378[34]
TM 1 B-5[30] 3 January 1943 — — 14 7 56,453
SC 118[28] B-2 4 February 1943 — — 20 11 59,765
ON 166[28] A-3 21 February 1943 — — 19 14 88,001
UC 1[35] 44th EG[36] 22 February 1943 — — 11 3 26,682
81[37] 8 × DD 1 March 1943 10 × MTB 114 — 8 37,324
SC 121[28] A-3 6 March 1943 — — 26 12 55,661
HX 228[28] B-3 10 March 1943 — — 19 5 25,515
UGS 6[38] 12 March 1943 — — 17 4 28,018
HX 229[28] B-4 16 March 1943 — — 43 13 93,502
SC 122[28] B-5 17 March 1943 — — 43 9 53,094
RS 3 27 March 1943 — — 7 3 15,389
HX 231[28] B-7 4 April 1943 — — 11 6 41,494
ONS 5[28] B-7 28 April 1943 — — 55 13 61,958
TS 37 — 30 April 1943 — — 1 7 43,255
JW 55B[39] — 22 December 1943 Scharnhorst — 2 — —[31]
JW 56A — 25 January 1944 — — 4 3 21,584[40]
Hi-40[41] Shimushu[42] 19 February 1944[42] —[42] —[42] 2[42] 5[42] 28,075[41]
Hi-71[43] 6th EG 17 August 1944 — — 6 5 73,071[44]
Hi-81[45] 8th EG 15 November 1944[45] — 1 6[46] 3[45] 36,100[46]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Famous Convoy Battles". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  2. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 36.
  3. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 32.
  4. 1 2 3 "Convoy HX.65". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  5. ↑ Edwards 1999, p. 26.
  6. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 41.
  7. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 42–43.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 50.
  9. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 54.
  10. ↑ Blair 1996, p. 278.
  11. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 62.
  12. ↑ Milner 1985, p. 67.
  13. 1 2 Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 182.
  14. 1 2 Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 184.
  15. ↑ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 187.
  16. ↑ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 185.
  17. ↑ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 191.
  18. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 90.
  19. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 108.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abbazia 1975, p. 50.
  21. ↑ "Convoy ON.67". Arnold Hague convoy database. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  22. ↑ Greene & Massignani 1998, pp. 216–222.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Milner 1985, p. 286.
  24. 1 2 Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 145–146.
  25. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 175–176.
  26. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 176.
  27. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 183, 186–187.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Milner 1985, pp. 148–150.
  29. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 164–165.
  30. 1 2 Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 184.
  31. 1 2 Hague 2000a, p. 189.
  32. 1 2 Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 183.
  33. 1 2 3 "Convoy ONS 154". J. Gordon Mumford. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  34. ↑ "Convoy ON.154". Arnold Hague convoy database. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  35. ↑ Blair 1998, pp. 811–812.
  36. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 195.
  37. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 197–198.
  38. ↑ Hague 2000, p. 181.
  39. ↑ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 250.
  40. ↑ Hague 2000a, p. 189; Woodman 2004, p. 379.
  41. 1 2 "Hisendan". Nifty.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cressman 2000, pp. 213–214.
  43. ↑ Blair 1975, pp. 676–678.
  44. ↑ Blair 1975, pp. 702–704.
  45. 1 2 3 Cressman 2000, pp. 274–275.
  46. 1 2 Blair 1975, pp. 748–749.

References

  • Abbazia, Patrick (1975). "When the Good Shepherds Were Blind". United States Naval Institute Proceedings. United States Naval Institute. ISSN 0041-798X.
  • Blair, Clay (1975). Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War against Japan. New York: J. B. Lippincott. ISBN 978-0-397-00753-0.
  • Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-boat War:The Hunters 1939–1942. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-58839-8.
  • Blair, Clay (1998). Hitler's U-boat War:The Hunted 1942–1945. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45742-9.
  • Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-149-1.
  • Edwards, Bernard (1999). Donitz and the Wolf Packs. Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-927-5 – via Archive Foundation.
  • Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1998). The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1940–1943. London: Chatham. ISBN 1-885119-61-5.
  • Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-019-3.
  • Hague, A. (2000a). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945: Its Organization, Defence and Operation. London: Chatham. ISBN 1-86176-147-3.
  • Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
  • Rohwer, J.; Hümmelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-105-X.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (3rd rev. ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
  • Woodman, Richard (2004) [1994]. Arctic Convoys 1941–1945. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-5752-1.

Further reading

  • Dönitz, Karl (1958). Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80764-0.
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