Da is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Look up ᠳ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Da
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 13, 17, 23 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 
d Transliteration[note 1]
ᠳ‍ Initial
‍ᠳ᠋‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Medial (syllable-initial)
‍ᠳ‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠳ Final
C-V syllables[6]: 31 
da, de di do, du dö, dü Transliteration
ᠳᠠ[lower-alpha 1] ᠳᠢ ᠳᠣ᠋ ᠳᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠳ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠥ᠋
ᠳᠠ‍ ᠳᠢ‍ ᠳᠣ‍ ᠳᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠳᠠ‍ ‍ᠳᠢ‍ ‍ᠳᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠳᠠ ‍ᠳᠢ ‍ᠳᠣ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
‑d(...) ‑da, ‑de ‑du, ‑dü Transliteration
—  ᠳᠤ⟨?⟩ Whole
 ᠳᠠ‍⟨?⟩  ᠳᠤ‍⟨?⟩ Initial
  • Transcribes Chakhar /d/;[10][11] Khalkha /t/, and /tʰ/.[12]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter д.[6][5]
  • Syllable-initially indistinguishable from t.[2]: 23 [13]: 9 [10] When it must be distinguished from t medially, it can be written twice, and with both medial forms (as in ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ qudduγ 'well', compared with ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ qutuγ 'holy').[13]: 59 [14] Alternatively, a dot is sometimes used to the right of the letter in 19th and 20th century manuscripts.[2]: 26 
  • The belly-tooth-shaped form is used before consonants (syllable-final), the other before vowels.[13]: 58 [15]: 5 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur taw (𐾀; initial, belly-tooth-shaped medial, and final) and lamedh (𐽸; other medial form).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [16]: 111, 113 [17]: 35 
  • Positional variants on lamedh ⟨ᠳ᠋‍/‍ᠲ‍/‍ᠳ᠋⟩ are used consistently for d in foreign words.[2]: 23  (As in ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩ dēng / дэн den, ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ded / дэд ded, or ᠡᠳ᠋ ed / эд ed).[14]
  • Produced with D using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[18]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, d comes after t and before č.

Clear Script

Look up ᡑ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Xibe language

Look up ᡩ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Manchu language

Look up ᡩ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Notes

  1. ↑ As in the second person singular/plural pronoun ᠲᠠ ta 'you',[8]: 760 [2]: 85–86  or the intensifying ⟨ᠳᠠ⟩ da/de (даа/дээ daa/dee) particle used after the predicate.[8]: 211 
  1. ↑ Scholarly transliteration.[5]
  2. ↑ Separated suffixes starting with the letter d include:  ᠳᠠᠬᠢ⟨?⟩ ‑daki/‑deki (dative-locative or ordinal),  ᠳᠠᠭ⟨?⟩/ ᠳᠡᠭ⟨?⟩ ‑daγ/‑deg (regular action),  ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ⟨?⟩/ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ⟨?⟩ ‑daγan/‑degen (reflexive+dative-locative),  ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ⟨?⟩/ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ⟨?⟩ ‑duγar/‑düger (ordinal), and  ᠳᠤ⟨?⟩ ‑du/‑dü or  ᠳᠤᠷ⟨?⟩ ‑dur/‑dür (dative-locative).[9]

References

  1. ↑ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. 1 2 Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. ↑ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  5. 1 2 "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
  6. 1 2 Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  7. ↑ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  8. 1 2 Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[7]
  9. ↑ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  10. 1 2 "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. ↑ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  12. ↑ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  13. 1 2 3 Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  14. 1 2 "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2022-01-17. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  15. ↑ "A Study of Traditional Mongolian Script Encodings and Rendering: Use of Unicode in OpenType fonts" (PDF). COLIPS – Chinese and Oriental Languages Information Processing Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  16. ↑ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  17. ↑ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  18. ↑ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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