At the 2011 Census, Bihar was the third most populous state of India with total population of 104,099,452, nearly 89% of it is rural. It was also India's most densely populated state, with 1,106 persons per square kilometre. The sex ratio was 918 females per 1000 males.[1] Almost 58% of Bihar's population was below 25 years age, which is the highest in India. At 11.3%, Bihar has the second-lowest urbanisation rate in India after Himachal Pradesh.[2]

Most of Bihar's population belongs to a collection of ethnic groups speaking indic languages. It also attracted Punjabi Hindu refugees during the Partition of British India in 1947.[3] Bihar has a total literacy rate of 63.82% (73.39% for males and 53.33% for females), recording a growth of 20% in female literacy over the preceding decade. According to the 2011 census, 82.7% of Bihar's population practised Hinduism, while 16.9% followed Islam.[4] Bihar has highest fertility rate of 3.41 in comparison to the other states of India.[5]

Population

Population by Age group (2001)[6]
Age GroupTotalMaleFemale
0–41100607256232805382792
5–91280430267052636099039
10–141106377759702015093576
15–19719018840286433161545
20–24632319331800633143130
25–29590830828947063013602
30–34554978727138712835916
35–39507793525760892501846
40–44415320322137701939433
45–49346166417783681683296
50–54271104115436201167421
55–5920699409900111079929
60–6421039091120743983166
65–691354937683656671281
70–741029921571438458483
75–79446860233961212899
80+565647312207253440
Age not stated17782510390573920
All ages829985094324379539754714

Religion

Religions in Bihar 2011

  Hinduism (82.7%)
  Islam (16.9%)
  Others (0.4%)
Religion in Bihar
Religion2001[7]2011[8]
Hinduism69,076,91986,078,686
Islam13,722,04817,557,809
Christianity53,137129,247
Buddhism18,81825,453
Sikhism20,78023,779
Jainism16,08518,914
Other52,90513,437
Not statedn/a[lower-alpha 1]252,127
Total82,998,509104,099,452
Religion in Bihar (%)
Religion2001[7]2011[8]
Hinduism83.2282.69
Islam16.5316.87
Christianity0.060.12
Buddhism0.020.02
Sikhism0.030.02
Jainism0.020.02
Other0.060.01
Not statedn/a[lower-alpha 2]0.24

As per recently released Bihar caste-based survey 2022, Hinduism is practised by 81.99% and Islam is followed by 17.70%.[9]

Caste and ethnic groups

As per Bihar government’s Bihar caste-based survey 2022 report, released on 2 October 2023, showed that extremely backward classes (EBCs) account for 36.01 percent of the 13.07 crore population of the state.[10][11] OBCs (BCs and

EBCs toget)her account for 63% of total population of Bihar.[12][13]

Caste Groups of Bihar[14][15]
Caste GroupsPopulation[16] (%)
BC (OBC - EBC)27.12%
EBC (OBC - BC)36.01%
Scheduled Castes(SCs)19.65%
Forward caste (EWS)15.52%
Adivasis(STs)1.68%


CastePopulationPercentage
Yadav18,650,11914.2666%
Kushwaha (Koeri)5,506,1134.212%
Brahmin4,781,2803.6575%
Kurmi3,762,9692.8785%
Teli3,677,4912.8131%
Mallah (Nishad)3,410,0932.6086%
Nonia2,498,4741.9112%
Bind1,285,3580.9833%
Kanu2,892,7612.2129%
Bania3,026,9122.3155%
Bhumihar3,750,8862.8693%
Rajput4,510,7333.4505%
Dushadh6,943,0005.3111%
Musahar4,035,7873.0872%
Kayastha785,7710.6011%
Ravidas6,869,6645.255%
  • As per, 2011 Census of India , Scheduled Castes constitute 16% of Bihar's 104 million population.[17] The census identified 21 of 23 Dalit sub-castes as Mahadalits.[18] Mahadalit community consists of the following sub castes - Bantar, Bauri, Bhogta, Bhuiya, Chaupal, Dabgar, Dom (Dhangad), Ghasi, Halalkhor, Hari (Mehtar, Bhangi), Kanjar, Kurariar, Lalbegi, Musahar, Nat, Pan (Swasi), Rajwar, Turi, Dhobi, Pasi, Chamar and Paswan (Dusadh).[19] Paswan caste was initially left out of the Mahadalit category.[20][21][22] Adivasis (Scheduled Tribes) constitute around 1.3% of Bihar population.[23][24] Tribals include Gond, Santhal and Tharu communities in Bihar.[25][26]
  • Extremely Backward Class (EBCs) are also sometimes referred to as Most Backward Class(MBCs). There are 130-odd EBC castes in Bihar.[27][28][29]

Languages

Languages of Bihar (2011)[30]

  Hindi (25.54%)
  Bhojpuri (24.86%)
  Maithili (12.55%)
  Magahi (10.87%)
  Urdu (8.42%)
  Surjapuri (1.78%)
  Others (15.98%)

Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, whilst the majority of the people speak one of the Bihari languages – Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili or Angika. Maithili is also one of the recognised regional languages of India as per the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Proponents have called Bhojpuri, Magahi, Bajjika and Angika to receive the same status.[31][32][33]

Education

Education in Bihar (2001)[34]
LevelPersonsMaleFemale
Literate without educational1,715,0491,109,731605,318
Below Primary7,890,3294,754,1373,136,192
Primary8,334,7095,130,9173,203,792
Middle4,390,2263,012,1511,378,075
Secondary4,751,5603,439,9181,311,642
Higher Secondary1,826,0931,385,282440,811
Technical Diploma24,98920,0884,901
Non-technical Diploma48,53240,4588,074
Graduate & above2,109,4151,737,651371,764
Unclassified18,67514,0434,632

Bihar has a total literacy rate of 69.83%. Overall Male and Female literacy rate is 70.32% and 53.57% respectively.[35] Total Rural literacy rate is 43.9%. In rural areas of Bihar, Male and Female literacy rate is 57.1 and 29.6 respectively. Total Urban literacy rate is 71.9. In urban areas of Bihar, Male and Female literacy rate is 79.9 and 62.6 respectively. .[36] Total number of literates in Bihar is 3,16,75,607 which consists 2,09,78,955 Male and 1,06,96,652 Female. Patna has highest Literacy Rate of 63.82% followed by Rohtas (62.36%) and Munger (60.11%). Kishanganj has lowest Literacy Rate of 31.02% followed by Araria (34.94%) and Katihar (35.29%).

Economics

Districts

Districtwise Demographics (2001)[37]
Districts of BiharTotal Population
2001
Male Population
2001
Female Population
2001
Growth Rate
1981–91
Growth Rate
1991-01
Sex Ratio
1991
Sex Ratio
2001
Population density
1991
Population density
2001
West Champaran3,043,0441,600,8531,442,19118.3030.40877901446582
East Champaran3,933,6362,072,3501,861,28625.4629.27883898767991
Sheohar514,288271,261243,02727.3436.168768968531,161
Sitamarhi2,669,8871,410,1491,259,73823.1332.588848939151,214
Madhubani3,570,6511,837,3611,733,29021.7626.089329438091,020
Supaul1,745,069908,855836,21423.4529.95904920557724
Araria2,124,8311,108,9241,015,90726.6931.84907916569751
Kishanganj1,294,063666,910627,15322.2031.50933940522687
Purnia2,540,7881,325,7941,214,99423.7635.23903916582787
Katihar2,389,5331,244,9431,144,59027.7730.91909919597782
Madhepura1,524,596796,272728,32422.1629.45885915659853
Saharsa1,506,418788,585717,83325.5433.03884910665885
Darbhanga3,285,4731,716,6401,568,83325.0430.859119141,1021,442
Muzaffarpur3,743,8361,941,4801,802,35625.3026.749049289311,180
Gopalganj2,149,3431,072,1511,077,19225.1226.119681,0058381,057
Siwan district2,708,8401,332,2181,376,62222.0424.781,0171,0339781,221
Saran3,251,4741,654,4281,597,04623.4426.379639659741,231
Vaishali2,712,3891,412,2761,300,11329.0826.399219211,0541,332
Samastipur3,413,4131,771,2491,642,16428.3525.639269279361,175
Begusarai2,342,9891,226,0571,116,93224.6129.118989119461,222
Khagaria1,276,677675,501601,17628.4429.32868890664859
Bhagalpur2,430,3311,294,1921,136,13920.6727.24864878743946
Banka1,608,778843,061765,71724.4424.47893908428533
Munger1,135,499604,662530,83717.7920.34856878665800
Lakhisarai801,173416,727384,44621.0823.94880923526652
Sheikhpura525,137273,468251,66919.8424.96896920610762
Nalanda2,368,3271,236,4671,131,86021.7318.648989158481,006
Patna4,709,8512,514,9492,194,90219.8430.178678731,1301,471
Bhojpur2,233,4151,175,3331,058,08220.2624.58904900725903
Buxar1,403,462738,239665,22318.6329.03884901670864
Kaimur1,284,575673,556611,01924.2030.64884907292382
Rohtas2,448,7621,282,6551,166,10721.7727.71894909498636
Jehanabad1,511,406783,960727,44619.4328.64919928749963
Aurangabad2,004,9601,035,757969,20324.4930.19915936466607
Gaya3,464,9831,789,2311,675,75223.9230.03922937536696
Nawada1,809,425928,638880,78723.7033.08936948545726
Jamui1,397,474728,812668,66221.9032.90903917339451

Miscellaneous statistics

As of 2001, Bihar had 212,015 international migrants[38] and 1,619,031 inter-state migrants.[39]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ The 2001 Census did not record a figure for people who did not specify their religion
  2. ↑ The 2001 Census did not record a figure for people who did not specify their religion

Citations

  1. ↑ "Bihar Profile" (PDF). census.gov.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  2. ↑ "Urban and Rural Population of India 2011". Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  3. ↑ "Census GIS HouseHold". Censusindiamaps.net. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
  4. ↑ Singh, Vijaita (25 August 2015). "Bihar elections among factors in religious data of Census 2011 release". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017 – via www.TheHindu.com.
  5. ↑ Daniyal, Shoaib (28 August 2021). "Why is Madras High Court questioning the 'one man, one vote' principle for India's Parliament?". scroll.in. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
  6. ↑ "Census of India – Age groups". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  7. 1 2 "Total population by religious communities". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  8. 1 2 "Indian Census 2011". Census Department, Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  9. ↑ Joy, Shemin. "Caste survey in Bihar: OBCs, EBCs make up 63.13% of population; Gen Category 15.52%". Deccan Herald.
  10. ↑ "Bihar caste survey released: EBCs form 36% of population, OBCs at 27.13%". Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  11. ↑ "With Bihar caste survey, how Nitish Kumar hit two targets in one fell swoop". Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  12. ↑ "Bihar caste survey released: OBCs, EBCs together account for 63% of total population". Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  13. ↑ "Bihar publishes caste survey report, OBCs, EBCs constitute 63% of population". Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  14. ↑ "Bihar caste survey OBCs, EBCs comprise more than 63% of State's population". Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  15. ↑ "Bihar Caste Survey Report: बिहार में 1 प्रतिशत से अधिक आबादी वाली कितनी हैं जातियां? देखें पूरी लिस्ट". Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "Full list of caste and their population". Livehindustan. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  17. ↑ "Foreign diplomats line up for Bihar elections". 27 August 2015. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  18. ↑ "Bihar polls: Jitan Ram Manjhi announces alliance with BJP". Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  19. ↑ "News, Breaking News, Latest News, News Headlines, Live News, Today News CNN-News18". News18. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  20. ↑ "Non-inclusion of Paswans in Mahadalit list angers Paswan". The Hindu. 19 November 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  21. ↑ "Bihar CM includes Paswan caste in Mahadalit category". 15 February 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  22. ↑ "Nitish's social engineering formula inspires Congress". The Times of India. 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  23. ↑ "Does Bihar know how many tribals live in the State?". The Hindu. 16 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  24. ↑ "27 lakh SC & ST families to benefit from Food Law in Bihar". 10 December 2014. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  25. ↑ "Special package for Tharu tribals in Bihar". The Hindu. 20 January 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  26. ↑ "Stage set for tribal all-woman battalion". Archived from the original on 30 November 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  27. ↑ "Nitish Kumar's gambit: temple fund, 2 EBCs added to SC/ST list". 7 September 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  28. ↑ "Bihar state EBC list" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  29. ↑ "Battle for Bihar: Complicated caste poll primer". 5 October 2015. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  30. ↑ "C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Bihar". Census of India 2011. Office of the Registrar General. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  31. ↑ "लोकसभा में उठी मगही, भोजपुरी को आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल करने की मांग". Firstpost Hindi. 22 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  32. ↑ "भाषाई जनगणना व आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल हो अंगिका भाषा". Hindustan (in Hindi). Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  33. ↑ "38 भाषाओं को संवैधानिक दर्जा देने की मांग पर निश्चित मानदंड तैयार नहीं हुआ". thewirehindi.com. 19 July 2017. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  34. ↑ "Census of India – Literates and educational level". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  35. ↑ "Literacy rate". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  36. ↑ "Archive-it Wayback". Archived from the original on 24 November 2007.
  37. ↑ "Annexure 1". Gov.bih.nic.in. Archived from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  38. ↑ "Census of India – International migration". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 16 June 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  39. ↑ "Census of India – Inter state migration". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
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