National-level elections in Italy are called periodically to form a parliament consisting of two houses: the Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati) with 400 members; and the Senate of the Republic (Senato della Repubblica) with 200 elected members, plus a few appointed senators for life. Italy is a parliamentary republic: the President of the Republic is elected for a seven-year term by the two houses of Parliament in joint session, together with special electors appointed by the Regional Councils.

Italy had a mixed-member majoritarian system in place between 1993 and 2005.[1] The 2006 elections were the first elections conducted under a closed-list proportional system rather than a mixed system.[1]

The most recent Italian general election was held on 25 September 2022.

2022 general election

The last general election was held on 25 September 2022

The centre-right coalition, in which Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy emerged as the main political force, won an absolute majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate of the Republic. The centre-left coalition, the anti-establishment Five Star Movement and the centrist Action - Italia Viva came in second, third and fourth respectively.

Chamber of Deputies

Overall results

Summary of the 25 September 2022 Chamber of Deputies election results[2]
Coalition Party Proportional First-past-the-post Aosta Valley Overseas Total
seats
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Centre-right Brothers of Italy7,302,51726.006912,300,24443.794916,01628.80281,94926.001119
League2,464,0058.772342166
Forza Italia2,278,2178.11222345
Us Moderates255,5050.9177
Centre-left Democratic Party – IDP5,356,18019.07577,337,97526.138305,75928.20469
Greens and Left Alliance1,018,6693.6311152,9944.8912
More Europe793,9612.83229,9712.762
Civic Commitment169,1650.60111,5901.071
Five Star Movement4,333,97215.43414,333,97215.431093,3388.61152
Action – Italia Viva2,186,6697.79212,186,6697.7960,4995.5821
South Tyrolean People's PartyPATT117,0100.421117,0100.4223
South calls North212,6850.76212,6850.7611
Aosta Valley20,76338.6311
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad141,35613.0411
Others1,599,2275.681,599,2275.6816,96732.57106,8479.85
Total28,087,78210024528,087,78210014653,74610011,084,3031008400
Popular vote (party)
FdI
25.98%
PD
19.04%
M5S
15.43%
Lega
8.79%
FI
8.11%
A–IV
7.78%
AVS
3.64%
+E
2.83%
Others
8.40%
Seat distribution (party)
FdI
30.00%
PD
17.25%
Lega
16.50%
M5S
13.00%
FI
11.25%
A–IV
5.25%
AVS
3.00%
NM
1.75%
Others
2.00%
Popular vote (coalition)
CDX
43.79%
CSX
26.12%
M5S
15.43%
A–IV
7.78%
Others
6.88%
Seat distribution (coalition)
CDX
59.25%
CSX
21.25%
M5S
13.00%
A–IV
5.25%
Others
1.25%

Proportional and FPTP results

Proportional
Party Votes % Seats
Brothers of Italy (FdI) 7,301,303 25.98 69
Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP) 5,348,676 19.04 57
Five Star Movement (M5S) 4,335,494 15.43 41
League (Lega) 2,470,318 8.79 23
Forza Italia (FI) 2,279,266 8.11 22
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 2,186,505 7.78 21
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) 1,021,808 3.64 11
More Europe (+E) 796,057 2.83
Italexit for Italy (Italexit) 534,950 1.90
People's Union (UP) 403,149 1.43
Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 348,831 1.24
Us Moderates (NM) 254,127 0.91
South calls North (ScN) 212,954 0.76
Vita (V) 201,737 0.72
Civic Commitment (IC) 173,555 0.62
South Tyrolean People's PartyPATT (SVP–PATT) 117,032 0.42 1
Us of the CentreEuropeanists (NDC–Eu) 46,230 0.16
Italian Communist Party (PCI) 24,549 0.09
Animalist Party – UCDL – 10VM (PAI–UCDL–10VM) 21,451 0.08
Alternative for Italy (APLI) 17,137 0.06
Party of Creative Madness (PFC) 1,419 0.00
Free (F) 829 0.00
Force of the People (FdP) 819 0.00
Total28,098,196100.00245
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes1,286,9154.38
Total turnout29,385,11163.85
Registered voters46,021,956
Source: Ministry of the Interior
First-past-the-post (except Aosta Valley)
Party or coalition Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition (CDX) 12,305,014 43.79 121
Centre-left coalition (CSX) 7,340,096 26.12 12
Five Star Movement (M5S) 4,335,494 15.43 10
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 2,186,505 7.78
Italexit for Italy (Italexit) 534,950 1.90
People's Union (UP) 403,149 1.43
Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 348,831 1.24
South calls North (ScN) 212,954 0.76 1
Vita (V) 201,737 0.72
South Tyrolean People's PartyPATT (SVP–PATT) 117,032 0.42 2
Us of the CentreEuropeanists (NDC–Eu) 46,230 0.16
Italian Communist Party (PCI) 24,549 0.09
Animalist Party – UCDL – 10VM (PAI–UCDL–10VM) 21,451 0.08
Alternative for Italy (APLI) 17,137 0.06
Party of Creative Madness (PFC) 1,419 0.00
Free (F) 829 0.00
Force of the People (FdP) 819 0.00
Total28,098,196100.00146
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes1,286,9154.38
Total turnout29,385,11163.85
Registered voters46,021,956
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Aosta Valley

The autonomous region of Aosta Valley in northwestern Italy elects one member to the Chamber of Deputies through a direct first-past-the-post election. Some parties that formed electoral coalitions in Italy might have opted to run against one another, or form different coalitions, in this particular region.[3][4]

Candidate Party Votes % Result
Franco Manes Aosta Valley (VdA)[lower-alpha 1] 20,763 38.63 checkY Elected
Emily Rini Centre-right coalition (LegaFINMFdI) 16,016 28.80
Giovanni Girardini Valdostan Renaissance 6,398 11.90
Erika Guichardaz Open Aosta Valley (Open VdA)[lower-alpha 2] 5,841 10.87
Loredana Ronc Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 2,302 4.28
Loredana De Rosa People's Union (UP) 1,375 2.56
Davide Ianni Italian Communist Party (PCI) 1,051 1.96
Total53,746100.001
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes5,7409.66
Total turnout59,49060.59
Registered voters98,187
Source: Ministry of the Interior
  1. Including Democratic Party (PD), Action (A), Italia Viva (IV), Valdostan Union (UV), Valdostan Alliance (AV), United Aosta Valley (VdAU), and Edelweiss (SA)
  2. Including Five Star Movement (M5S), Democratic Area (AD–GA), Environment Rights Equality (ADU), and Italian Left (SI)

Overseas constituencies

Eight members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by Italians abroad. Two members are elected for North America and Central America (including most of the Caribbean), two members for South America (including Trinidad and Tobago), three members for Europe, and one member for the rest of the world (Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Antarctica). Voters in these regions select candidate lists and cast a preference vote for individual candidates. The seats are allocated by proportional representation. The electoral law allows for parties to form different coalitions on the lists abroad, compared to the lists in Italy; Forza Italia, the League, and Brothers of Italy formed a unified list for abroad constituencies.[5]

Party Votes % Seats
Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP)306,10528.204
LeagueForza ItaliaBrothers of Italy (Lega–FI–FdI)282,63626.042
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (MAIE)141,44013.031
Five Star Movement (M5S)93,2198.591
South American Union of Italian Emigrants (USEI)73,3896.76
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV)60,4565.57
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS)52,9624.88
More Europe (+E)29,9472.76
Movement of Freedoms (MdL)18,3481.69
Italy of the South (IdM)15,4421.42
Civic Commitment (IC)11,6081.07
Total 1,085,552 100.00 8
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes164,92913.19
Total turnout1,250,48126.36
Registered voters4,743,980
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Senate

Overall results

Summary of the 25 September 2022 Senate of the Republic election results[6]
Coalition Party Proportional First-past-the-post Aosta Valley Trentino-Alto Adige Overseas Total
seats
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Centre-right Brothers of Italy7,167,13626.013412,129,54744.023018,50934.05137,01527.241294,71227.0565
League2,439,2008.851315130
Forza Italia2,279,8028.279918
Us Moderates243,4090.8822
Centre-left Democratic Party–IDP5,226,73218.96317,161,68825.994[lower-alpha 1]149,68229,291370,26233.98339
Greens and Left Alliance972,3163.53314
Campobase11
Others972,2143.5314,6101.3400
Five Star Movement4,285,89415.55234,285,89415.55528,3555.64101,7949.3428
Action – Italia Viva2,131,3107.7392,131,3107.736,7821.3576,0706.989
South Tyrolean People's PartyPATT116,00323.0622
South calls North271,5490.99271,5490.9911
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad138,75812.7311
Others2,119,8235,7202,119,8235,72035,85065.9565.11713.42093,1078.540
Total27,569,67510012227,569,6751006754,3591001502,95410061,090,1471004200
Notes
Popular vote (party)
FdI
26.00%
PD
18.93%
M5S
15.56%
Lega
8.84%
FI
8.27%
A–IV
7.73%
AVS
3.53%
+E
2.94%
Others
8.20%
Seat distribution (party)
FdI
32.50%
PD
20.00%
Lega
15.00%
M5S
14.00%
FI
9.00%
A–IV
4.50%
AVS
2.00%
NM
1.00%
Others
2.00%
Popular vote (coalition)
CDX
44.02%
CSX
25.99%
M5S
15.56%
A–IV
7.73%
Others
6.70%
Seat distribution (coalition)
CDX
57.50%
CSX
22.00%
M5S
14.00%
A–IV
4.50%
Others
2.00%

Proportional and FPTP results

Proportional
Party Votes % Seats
Brothers of Italy (FdI) 7,168,875 26.00 34
Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP) 5,220,256 18.93 31
Five Star Movement (M5S) 4,290,194 15.55 23
League (Lega) 2,437,406 8.84 13
Forza Italia (FI) 2,281,258 8.27 9
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 2,131,023 7.73 9
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) 972,780 3.53 3
More Europe (+E) 810,441 2.94
Italexit for Italy (Italexit) 515,657 1.87
People's Union (UP) 374,247 1.36
Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 309,391 1.12
South calls North (ScN) 272,462 0.99
Us Moderates (NM) 248,308 0.90
Vita (V) 196,644 0.71
Civic Commitment (IC) 161,773 0.59
Italian Communist Party (PCI) 70,938 0.26
Us of the CentreEuropeanists (NDC–Eu) 42,905 0.16
Alternative for Italy (APLI) 40,397 0.15
Animalist Party – UCDL – 10VM (PAI–UCDL–10VM) 16,950 0.06
Workers' Communist Party (PCL) 4,491 0.02
United RightRoyal Italy (DU–IR) 2,415 0.01
Force of the People (FdP) 864 0.01
Total27,569,675100.00122
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes1,281,1654.44
Total turnout28,850,84063.81
Registered voters45,210,950
Source: Ministry of the Interior
First-past-the-post (except Aosta Valley and Trentino-Alto Adige)
Party or coalition Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition (CDX) 12,135,847 44.02 56
Centre-left coalition (CSX) 7,165,250 25.99 5
Five Star Movement (M5S) 4,290,194 15.55 5
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 2,131,023 7.73
Italexit for Italy (Italexit) 515,657 1.87
People's Union (UP) 374,247 1.36
Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 309,391 1.12
South calls North (ScN) 272,462 0.99 1
Vita (V) 196,644 0.71
Italian Communist Party (PCI) 70,938 0.26
Us of the CentreEuropeanists (NDC–Eu) 42,905 0.16
Alternative for Italy (APLI) 40,397 0.15
Animalist Party – UCDL – 10VM (PAI–UCDL–10VM) 16,950 0.06
Workers' Communist Party (PCL) 4,491 0.02
United RightRoyal Italy (DU–IR) 2,415 0.01
Force of the People (FdP) 864 0.01
Total27,569,675100.0067
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes1,281,1654.44
Total turnout28,850,84063.81
Registered voters45,210,950
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Aosta Valley

Candidate Party Votes % Result
Nicoletta Spelgatti Centre-right coalition (LegaFINMFdI) 18,509 34.05 check Elected
Patrik Vesan Aosta Valley (VdA)[lower-alpha 1] 18,282 33.63
Augusto Rollandin For Autonomy (PlA) 7,272 13.38
Daria Pulz Open Aosta Valley (Open VdA)[lower-alpha 2] 5,448 10.02
Alessandro Bianchini Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 1,569 2.89
Francesco Lucat People's Union (UP) 1,311 2.41
Guglielmo Leray Italian Communist Party (PCI) 1,051 1.93
Larisa Bargan Vita (V) 917 1.69
Total54,359100.001
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes5,1318.62
Total turnout59,49060.59
Registered voters98,187
Source:

Trentino-Alto Adige

Party Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition (LegaFINMFdI) 137,015 27.24 2
South Tyrolean People's PartyPATT (SVP–PATT) 116,003 23.06 2
Centre-left coalition (CB+EAVSPDA–IV) 100,602 20.00 1
Five Star Movement (M5S) 28,355 5.64
Centre-left coalition (PD–IDP+EAVS) 21,894 4.35 1
Vita (V) 17,876 3.55
Greens and Left Alliance (AVS) 17,574 3.49
Sovereign and Popular Italy (ISP) 15,252 3.03
Die Freiheitlichen (DF) 14,479 2.88
Team K (TK) 11,157 2.22
Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP) 9,612 1.91
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV) 6,782 1.35
People's Union (UP) 6,353 1.26
Total502,954100.006
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes32,6256.09
Total turnout811,00666.04
Registered voters
Source:
  1. Including Democratic Party (PD), Action (A), Italia Viva (IV), Valdostan Union (UV), Valdostan Alliance (AV), United Aosta Valley (VdAU), and Edelweiss (SA)
  2. Including Five Star Movement (M5S), Democratic Area (AD–GA), Environment Rights Equality (ADU), and Italian Left (SI)

Overseas constituencies

Four members of the Senate of the Republic are elected by Italians abroad. One member is elected for North America and Central America (including most of the Caribbean), one member for South America (including Trinidad and Tobago), one member for Europe, and one for the rest of the world (Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Antarctica). Voters in these regions select candidate lists and cast a preference vote for individual candidates. The seats are allocated by proportional representation. The electoral law allows for parties to form different coalitions on the lists abroad, compared to the lists in Italy; since January 2018, Forza Italia, the League, and Brothers of Italy have formed a unified list for abroad constituencies.[7]

Party Votes % Seats
Democratic Party – IDP (PD–IDP)370,54933.993
LeagueForza ItaliaBrothers of Italy (Lega–FI–FdI)295,46727.10
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad (MAIE)138,33712.691
Five Star Movement (M5S)101,9259.35
Action – Italia Viva (A–IV)76,1526.99
South American Union of Italian Emigrants (USEI)55,5235.09
Movement of Freedoms (MdL)23,3842.15
Civic Commitment (IC)14,6101.34
Italy of the South (IdM)14,2001.30
Total 1,090,147 100.00 4
Invalid / blank / unassigned votes143,68111.65
Total turnout1.233.82826.01
Registered voters4,743,980
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Italian Republic general election results voter turnout

Year Voter turnout Voters Registered voters Population Invalid votes
1946 89.08% 24,947,187 28,005,449 44,994,000 7.70%
1948 92.23% 26,854,203 29,117,554 45,706,000 2.20%
1953 93.87% 28,410,851 30,267,080 47,756,000 4.30%
1958 93.72% 30,399,708 32,436,022 49,041,000 2.80%
1963 92.88% 31,766,058 34,201,660 50,498,000 3.20%
1968 92.79% 33,003,249 35,566,681 52,910,000 3.60%
1972 93.18% 34,524,106 37,049,654 54,410,000 3.20%
1976 93.37% 37,741,404 40,423,131 55,701,000 2.70%
1979 90.35% 38,112,228 42,181,664 56,292,000 3.90%
1983 89.02% 39,114,321 43,936,534 56,836,000 5.70%
1987 88.86% 40,599,490 45,689,829 57,345,000 4.90%
1992 87.44% 41,479,764 47,435,964 56,859,000 5.40%
1994 86.14% 41,461,260 48,135,041 57,049,000 5.90%
1996 82.91% 40,496,438 48,846,238 57,239,000 7.80%
2001 81.44% 40,195,500 49,358,947 57,684,294 7.20%
2006 83.62% 39,298,497 46,997,601 58,103,033 2.90%
2008 80.54% 37,954,253 47,126,326 58,147,733 5.10%
2013 75.19% 35,271,541 46,905,154 61,482,297 3.59%
2018 72.93% 33,923,321 46,505,499 60,589,445 4.33%

Graph of the results of the Italian Republic general elections

This graph shows the results of elections held in Italy from 1946 to 2018, with the percentages of consensus gathered by the various parties and movements displayed by color. Passing your mouse over the different colored sections will display the name of the grouping and the percentage in the corresponding election. Clicking on a region will direct you to the article on the party or election selected.

Graph of Italian general elections
Graph of Italian general elections

This is, instead, the graph for general elections from 1946 in Italy by absolute numbers of votes for every party:

List of presidential elections

Provisional Head of State

President of the Republic

List of general elections

Kingdom of Italy

Italian Republic

List of European Parliament elections

List of regional elections

Referendums

Overview

The constitution of Italy provides for two kinds of binding referendums.

A legislative referendum can be called in order to abrogate a law totally or partially, if requested by 500,000 electors or five regional councils. This kind of referendum is valid only if at least a majority of electors goes to the polling station. It is forbidden to call a referendum regarding financial laws or laws relating to pardons or the ratification of international treaties.

A constitutional referendum can be called in order to approve a constitutional law or amendment only when it has been approved by the Houses (Chamber of Deputies and Senate of the Republic) with a majority of less than two thirds in both or either House, and only at the request of one fifth of the members of either House, or 500,000 electors or five Regional Councils. A constitutional referendum is valid no matter how many electors go to the polling station. Any citizen entitled to vote in an election may participate in a referendum.

List of referendums

See also

References

    1. 1 2 Viganò, Edoardo Alberto (2023). "Electoral Incentives and Geographical Representation: Evidence from an Italian Electoral Reform". Legislative Studies Quarterly. doi:10.1111/lsq.12418. ISSN 0362-9805.
    2. "Eligendo: Camera [Scrutini] (esclusa Valle d'Aosta)". Eligendo (in Italian). Italian Ministry of the Interior. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
    3. "Elezioni: Valle d'Aosta, ammesse tutte le nove liste candidate" (in Italian). ANSA. 23 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
    4. "Collegio uninominale Valle d'Aosta – U01 (Aosta) (Precedente: 04/03/2018)" (in Italian). Italian Minister of the Interior. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
    5. "Elezioni, 'Salvini, Berlusconi, Meloni' e il tricolore, il simbolo del centro-destra per l'estero". Affaritaliani (in Italian). 21 January 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
    6. "Eligendo: Senato [Scrutini] Italia (escluse Valle d'Aosta e Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol)". Eligendo (in Italian). Italian Ministry of the Interior. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
    7. "Elezioni, 'Salvini, Berlusconi, Meloni' e il tricolore, il simbolo del centro-destra per l'estero". Affaritaliani (in Italian). 21 January 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
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