Gaoping
高平市 Kaoping | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Gaoping Location in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates: 35°47′53″N 112°55′26″E / 35.798°N 112.924°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Jincheng |
| Area | |
| • County-level city | 946.0 km2 (365.3 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 63.00 km2 (24.32 sq mi) |
| Population (2017) | |
| • County-level city | 494,000 |
| • Density | 520/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 130,500 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Gaoping (Chinese: 高平; pinyin: Gāopíng) is a county-level city in the southeast of Shanxi Province, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jincheng. It has a history stretching back to the Warring States period (403–221 BCE). Part of the city was formerly known as Changping where a noted battle took place in 260 BCE between forces from the rival States of Qin and Zhao.
Gaoping is also famed as the birthplace of Lord Yan, a legendary figure who was an early leader (or series of leaders) among the ancient Han Chinese.
Gaoping (along with several other locations in China) was traditionally identified as Yan's hometown. Not until the late 20th and early 21st century was Gaoping widely accepted as Yan's birthplace by the global scholarly community.
The hilly area around Gaoping is known as the Sheep's Head Mountains (Chinese: 羊头山), and it is this area that preserves the most concrete evidences of Yan's habitation there. A local temple to a female river spirit has been identified as portraying Yan's daughter Nüwa (Chinese: 女娃) - not to be confused with the goddess Nüwa (Chinese: 女娲) - since the Ming dynasty.[2] Ancient sources, such as the Guo Yu, record that Yan and his posterity flourished in the area around a river called the "Giang [Jiang] Water".[3] The river is believed by scholars to be the Giang River of old is now called the Jiang River (Chinese: 绛河) or the Jiang Water (Chinese: 降水), and is located in Tunliu County, whence it flows east into the Zhang River.[4]
Climate
| Climate data for Gaoping (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
28.7 (83.7) |
36.6 (97.9) |
37.3 (99.1) |
38.3 (100.9) |
37.7 (99.9) |
36.1 (97.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
38.3 (100.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
7.3 (45.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
5.4 (41.7) |
18.0 (64.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.7 (25.3) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
5.4 (41.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.3 (−8.1) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
9.2 (48.6) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−18.4 (−1.1) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.1 (0.28) |
12.2 (0.48) |
13.4 (0.53) |
34.8 (1.37) |
48.5 (1.91) |
72.3 (2.85) |
143.7 (5.66) |
107.9 (4.25) |
70.9 (2.79) |
34.1 (1.34) |
18.2 (0.72) |
5.9 (0.23) |
569 (22.41) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 7.8 | 9.9 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 9.5 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 86.5 |
| Average snowy days | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 20.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 60 | 57 | 57 | 59 | 64 | 78 | 81 | 77 | 71 | 66 | 60 | 66 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 164.1 | 166.8 | 197.9 | 223.6 | 244.4 | 216.6 | 197.6 | 191.4 | 170.2 | 178.9 | 169.6 | 170.5 | 2,291.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 53 | 54 | 53 | 57 | 56 | 50 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 52 | 56 | 57 | 52 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
References
- 1 2 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ↑ Zhu Zaiyu 朱載堉 (AD 1536 - 1611), Yue Lü Quan Shu - Yang Tou Shan Xin Ji 《樂律全書·羊頭山新記》
- ↑ Guo Yu - Jin Yu Si 《國語·晉語四》 says: "Lord Yan flourished by the Giang Water" (Chinese: "炎帝以姜水成").
- ↑ Yan Di Wen Hua, 4.
- ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ↑ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- Yan Di Wen Hua 炎帝文化, edited by Wang Shuxin 王树新 and Meng Shikai 孟世凯. Zhonghua Bookstore (Beijing): 2005.