Cabinet of Japan
内閣
Naikaku
The Government Seal of Japan

Prime Minister's Official Residence
Agency overview
Formed22 December 1885 (1885-12-22)
Preceding agency
JurisdictionGovernment of Japan
HeadquartersChiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
Agency executive
Child agencies
Websitehttps://www.kantei.go.jp/

The Cabinet of Japan (Japanese: 内閣, Hepburn: Naikaku) is the chief executive body of the government of Japan. It consists of the prime minister, who is appointed by the emperor after being nominated by the National Diet, in addition to up to nineteen other members, called ministers of state.

The prime minister is nominated by the National Diet, while the remaining ministers are appointed and dismissed by the prime minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the National Diet and must resign if a motion of no confidence is adopted by the National Diet.

Appointment

Under the Constitution of Japan, Cabinet ministers are appointed after the selection of the prime minister. A majority of the Cabinet, including the prime minister, must be members of the National Diet, and all members must be civilians. Under the Cabinet Law, the number of Cabinet ministers (excluding the prime minister) must be fourteen or less, but this may be increased to nineteen if a special need arises. If the Cabinet collectively resigns, it continues to exercise its functions until the appointment of a new prime minister. While they are in office, legal action may not be taken against Cabinet ministers without the consent of the prime minister. The Cabinet must resign en masse in the following circumstances:

  • When a motion of no confidence is adopted, or a vote of confidence defeated, by the House of Representatives, unless there is a dissolution of the house within ten days.
  • Upon the first convocation of the National Diet after a general election to the House of Representatives (even if the same prime minister is to be re-elected and appointed, and every other minister is to be reappointed).
  • When the position of prime minister becomes vacant, or the prime minister declares his intention to resign.

Powers

The Cabinet exercises two kinds of power. Some of its powers are nominally exercised by the Emperor with the binding "advice and approval" of the Cabinet. Other powers are explicitly vested in the Cabinet. Contrary to the practice in many constitutional monarchies, the Emperor is not even the nominal chief executive. Instead, the Constitution explicitly vests executive authority in the Cabinet. Hence, nearly all of the day-to-day work of governing is done by the Cabinet.

In practice, much of the Cabinet's authority is exercised by the prime minister. Under the Constitution, the prime minister exercises "control and supervision" over the executive branch, and no law or Cabinet order can take effect without the prime minister's countersignature (and the emperor's promulgation). While Cabinet Ministers in most other parliamentary democracies theoretically have some freedom of action (within the limits of cabinet collective responsibility), the Japanese Cabinet is effectively an extension of the prime minister's authority.

According to Article 75 of the Constitution, Ministers of State are not subject to legal action without the consent of the prime minister during their tenure of office.

Powers exercised via the Emperor

Explicit powers

  • Execution of the law
  • Conduct of foreign affairs
  • Conclusion of treaties (with the consent of the National Diet).
  • Administration of the civil service
  • Drafting of the budget (which must be adopted by the National Diet)
  • Adoption of cabinet orders
  • Granting of general amnesty, special amnesty, commutation of punishment, reprieve, and restoration of rights
  • Signing of laws or cabinet orders by the relevant Minister of State and countersigned by the Prime Minister
  • Appointment of the associate justices of the Supreme Court of Japan (except for the Chief Justice, who is nominated by the Prime Minister and formally appointed by the Emperor)
  • Appointment of vice-ministers (who are nominated by their respective minister to whom they will report)

List of cabinets of Japan

Current Cabinet

Main article: Current Japanese cabinet

As of 14 December 2023, the makeup of the Cabinet:[1]


101st Cabinet of Japan
Second Kishida Cabinet (Second Reshuffle)
Color key:      Liberal Democratic      Komeito
MR: member of the House of Representatives, MC: member of the House of Councillors, B: bureaucrat
Minister
Constituency		 Office(s) Department Took Office
Cabinet ministers
Fumio Kishida
MR for Hiroshima 1st		 Prime Minister Cabinet Office 4 October 2021 (2021-10-04)
Takeaki Matsumoto
MR for Hyōgo 11th		 Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 14 December 2023 (2023-12-14)
Ryuji Koizumi
MR for Saitama 11th		 Minister of Justice Ministry of Justice 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Yōko Kamikawa
MR for Shizuoka 1st		 Minister for Foreign Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Shun'ichi Suzuki
MR for Iwate 2nd		 Minister of Finance
Minister of State for Financial Services
Minister in charge of Overcoming Deflation		 Ministry of Finance
Financial Services Agency		 4 October 2021 (2021-10-04)
Masahito Moriyama
MR for Kinki PR block		 Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Minister in charge of Education Rebuilding		 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Keizō Takemi
MC for Tokyo at-large		 Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Tetsushi Sakamoto
MR for Kumamoto 3rd		 Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 14 December 2023 (2023-12-14)
Ken Saitō
MR for Chiba 7th		 Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
Minister in charge of Industrial Competitiveness
Minister for Economic Cooperation with Russia
Minister in charge of the Response to the Economic Impact caused by the Nuclear Accident
Minister of State for the Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation		 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 14 December 2023 (2023-12-14)
Tetsuo Saito
MR for Hiroshima 3rd		 Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Minister in charge of Water Cycle Policy
Minister for the World Horticultural Exhibition Yokohama 2027		 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 4 October 2021 (2021-10-04)
Shintaro Ito
MR for Miyagi 4th		 Minister of the Environment
Minister of State for Nuclear Emergency Preparedness		 Ministry of the Environment 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Minoru Kihara
MR for Kumamoto 1st		 Minister of Defense Ministry of Defense 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Yoshimasa Hayashi
MR for Yamaguchi 3rd		 Chief Cabinet Secretary
Minister in charge of Mitigating the Impact of U.S. Forces in Okinawa
Minister in charge of the Abductions Issue		 Cabinet Secretariat 14 December 2023 (2023-12-14)
Taro Kono
MR for Kanagawa 15th		 Minister for Digital Transformation
Minister of State for Digital Reform
Minister in charge of Administrative Reform
Minister of State for Consumer Affairs and Food Safety
Minister in charge of Civil Service Reform		 Digital Agency
Cabinet Office		 10 August 2022 (2022-08-10)
Shinako Tsuchiya
MR for Saitama 13th		 Minister of Reconstruction
Minister in charge of Comprehensive Policy Coordination for Revival from the Nuclear Accident at Fukushima		 Reconstruction Agency 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Yoshifumi Matsumura
MC for Kumamoto at-large		 Chairperson of the National Public Safety Commission
Minister in charge of Building National Resilience
Minister in charge of Territorial Issues
Minister in charge of Civil Service Reform
Minister of State for Disaster Management and Ocean Policy		 National Public Safety Commission
Cabinet Office		 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Ayuko Kato
MR for Yamagata 3rd		 Minister in charge of Policies Related to Children
Minister in charge of Cohesive Society
Minister in charge of Women's Empowerment
Minister in charge of Measures for Loneliness and Isolation
Minister of State for Measures for Declining Birthrate
Minister of State for Gender Equality		 Children and Families Agency
Cabinet Office		 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Yoshitaka Shindō
MR for Saitama 2nd		 Minister in charge of Economic Revitalization
Minister in charge of New Capitalism
Minister in charge of Startups
Minister in charge of Measures for Novel Coronavirus Disease and Health Crisis Management
Minister in charge of Social Security Reform
Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy		 Cabinet Office 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)
Sanae Takaichi
MR for Nara 2nd		 Minister in charge of Economic Security
Minister of State for "Cool Japan" Strategy
Minister of State for Intellectual Property Strategy
Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy
Minister of State for Space Policy
Minister of State for Economic Security		 Cabinet Office 10 August 2022 (2022-08-10)
Hanako Jimi
MC for National PR block		 Minister of State for Okinawa and Northern Territories Affairs
Minister of State for Regional Revitalization
Minister of State for Regulatory Reform
Minister of State for Ainu-Related Policies
Minister in charge of Digital Garden City Nation Vision
Minister for the World Expo 2025		 Cabinet Office 13 September 2023 (2023-09-13)

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "List of Ministers". Prime Minister's Office of Japan. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
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