This list of United States disasters by death toll includes disasters that occurred either in the United States, at diplomatic missions of the United States, or incidents outside of the United States in which a number of U.S. citizens were killed.
- Domestic deaths due to war in America are included except the American Civil War. For stats on this and U.S. military deaths in foreign locations, see United States military casualties of war and list of battles with most United States military fatalities.
- Due to inflation, the monetary damage estimates are not comparable. Unless otherwise noted, the year given is the year in which the currency's valuation was calculated.
Over 1,000,000 deaths
Fatalities | Year | Article | Type | Location | Damage (US$) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,127,000+[1] | 2020 – 2024 | COVID-19 pandemic in the United States | Pandemic | Nationwide | see Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States | Fatalities estimated. Deadliest known disaster in United States history. |
Over 100,000 deaths
Fatalities | Year | Article | Type | Location | Damage (US$) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
700,000[2] | 1981 – present | HIV/AIDS in the United States | Pandemic | Nationwide | Fatalities estimated. Second-deadliest disaster in United States history. | |
675,000[3] | 1918 – 1920 | 1918 influenza pandemic | Pandemic | Nationwide | Fatalities estimated. Third-deadliest disaster in United States history. | |
116,000[4] | 1957 – 1958 | 1957–1958 influenza pandemic | Pandemic | Nationwide | Fatalities estimated. Fourth-deadliest disaster in United States history. | |
100,000[5] | 1968 | 1968 influenza pandemic | Pandemic | Nationwide | Fatalities estimated. Fifth-deadliest disaster in United States history. |
Over 400 deaths
Fatalities | Year | Article | Type | Location | Damage (US$) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6,000–12,000 | 1900 | 1900 Galveston hurricane | Hurricane | Texas | $34,000,000 (1900) | Fatalities estimated. The deadliest natural disaster in United States history. |
5,000 | 1936 | 1936 North American heat wave | Heat wave | United States, Canada | ||
4,000+ | 1862 | Great Flood of 1862 | Flood | Western United States | $100,000,000 (1862) |
|
3,389 | 1899 | 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane | Tropical cyclone | Puerto Rico, East Coast of the United States | $20,000,000 (1899) |
|
3,000+ | 1906 | 1906 San Francisco earthquake | Earthquake and fire (urban conflagration) | San Francisco, California | $235,000,000 (1906) |
Conflagration followed quake; fatalities estimated; also major casualties in Santa Rosa and San Jose. Deadliest earthquake in U.S. history. |
2,996 | 2001 | September 11 attacks | Terrorism | New York City, Arlington County, Virginia, and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania | $10,000,000,000 (2001) |
2,977 victims and 19 hijackers. Deadliest in New York City and the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. |
2,982 (estimated) | 2017 | Hurricane Maria | Tropical cyclone | Puerto Rico, United States Virgin Islands, East Coast of the United States | $94,500,000,000 (2017)[6] |
Total includes at least 2,975 deaths based on a study by GWU on the estimated excess mortality.[7] The official death count was previously 64.[8] The storm caused $90 billion (2017 USD) in damage in Puerto Rico, and three deaths in the U.S. Virgin Islands, plus 75 deaths and $1.6 billion in damage across the rest of the Caribbean. |
2,823 | 1928 | 1928 Okeechobee hurricane | Tropical cyclone | Florida, Puerto Rico | $800,000,000 (2005) |
4,000+ believed dead total. Includes 2,511+ in the contiguous United States, 312 in Puerto Rico. |
2,467 | 1941 | Attack on Pearl Harbor | Military strike – bombing | Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii and nearby military installations | 2,403 U.S. victims and 64 Japanese attackers. Deadliest attack on U.S. soil by a foreign government. | |
2,209 | 1889 | Johnstown Flood | Accident – dam burst | Pennsylvania | Much rain, deforestation; dam failed | |
2,000 | 1893 | 1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane | Tropical cyclone | Louisiana | Fatalities estimated | |
1,836 | 2005 | Hurricane Katrina | Tropical cyclone | Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Ohio | $125,000,000,000
(2005) |
Tied with Hurricane Harvey as the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. |
1,700 | 1865 | Sultana | Accident – shipwreck | Marion, Arkansas | Steamboat sank due to boiler explosion; fatalities estimated. Deadliest maritime disaster in U.S. history | |
1,700 | 1980 | 1980 United States heat wave | Heat wave | Central and southern states | $20,000,000,000 (1980 USD) |
Official death toll, may have been higher |
1,500–2,500 | 1871 | Peshtigo Fire | Wildfire | Peshtigo, Wisconsin, Upper Peninsula of Michigan | Fatalities estimated; most deaths in one fire in U.S. history | |
1,500 | 1896 | 1896 Eastern North America heat wave | Heat wave | Northeastern United States, Midwestern United States | Fatalities estimated | |
1,173 | 1943 | HMT Rohna[9] | Military strike – bombing | Mediterranean Sea | Luftwaffe glide bomb hit troopship causing the largest loss of U.S. soldiers (1,050) at sea due to enemy action in a single incident. | |
1,021 | 1904 | PS General Slocum | Accident – shipwreck | East River near New York City | Steamship sank due to fire on board. Deadliest maritime disaster in New York City, and deadliest in city's history until 2001. | |
1,000–2,000 | 1893 | 1893 Sea Islands hurricane | Tropical cyclone | Georgia, South Carolina | Fatalities estimated | |
1,000 | 1918 | 1918 Cloquet fire | Wildfire (rural) | Minnesota | $7,300,000 | |
918 | 1978 | Jonestown | Mass murder | Jonestown, Guyana | Jim Jones, cult leader of the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project, convinced most of the group to drink grape Flavor Aid poisoned with cyanide or to inject themselves and their children with cyanide, totaling 909 deaths of U.S. nationals. A family of four other Temple members committed murder/suicide by knife in Georgetown. Five others were shot and killed while trying to escape from Jonestown, including U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan. | |
879 | 1945 | USS Indianapolis[10] | Military strike – submarine | Philippine Sea | Largest loss of life in the history of the U.S. Navy at sea | |
844 | 1915 | SS Eastland | Accident – shipwreck | Chicago, Illinois | Passenger ship capsized in Chicago harbor while loading charter for company picnic, causing great loss of life despite shallow water and proximity to land. Deadliest disaster in the history of Great Lakes shipping, and deadliest disaster in Chicago history. | |
819 | 1944 | SS Léopoldville[11] | Military strike – submarine | English Channel | Approximately 763 United States Army soldiers drowned. | |
800 | 1875 | 1875 Indianola hurricane | Tropical cyclone | Louisiana, Texas | Fatalities estimated | |
749 | 1944 | Exercise Tiger | Military strike – E-boats | English Channel | USS LST-289, LST-507 and LST-531 sunk during a training exercise.[12] | |
747 | 1925 | Tornado outbreak of March 18, 1925 | Tornado outbreak | Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee | $1,650,000,000 (2005) |
At least 12 tornadoes, including the following:
|
745 | 1919 | 1919 Florida Keys hurricane | Tropical cyclone | Florida, Texas | Including 488 deaths aboard SS Valbanera | |
739 | 1995 | Chicago Heat Wave of 1995 | Heat wave | Chicago, Illinois | ||
683 | 1942 | USS Juneau[13] | Military strike – submarine | Guadalcanal | Sunk by submarine while retreating with damage from naval battle of Guadalcanal. | |
682–800 | 1938 | 1938 New England hurricane | Tropical cyclone | |||
675 | 1943 | SS Dorchester[14] | Military strike – submarine | Greenland | United States troopship. | |
650 | 1913 | Great Flood of 1913 | Flood | Central United States, Eastern United States | Fatalities estimated | |
644 | 1943 | USS Liscombe Bay[15] | Military strike – submarine | Gilbert Islands | Submarine torpedo detonated the aircraft carrier's bomb magazine during Operation Galvanic. | |
602 | 1903 | Iroquois Theatre fire | Fire (building) | Chicago, Illinois | Worst theater fire in American history; worst single-building fire. | |
600 | 1928 | St. Francis Dam | Accident – dam failure | Santa Clarita, California | ||
581 | 1947 | Texas City disaster | Accident – explosion | Texas City, Texas | Ammonium nitrate on board ship | |
501+ | 1896 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896 | Tornado outbreak sequence | Central United States, Southern United States | $2,900,000,000 (1997) |
At least 38 tornadoes, including the following:
|
500+ | 1804 | 1804 Antigua–Charleston hurricane | Tropical cyclone | Southeastern United States | ||
500 | 1865 | American steamship General Lyon (1864) | Accident – fire, shipwreck | Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina | Fatalities estimated | |
500 | 1871 | Great Michigan Fire | Wildfire (rural) | Michigan | Fatalities estimated | |
492 | 1942 | Cocoanut Grove fire | Fire (building) | Boston, Massachusetts | Deadliest nightclub fire ever, and second-deadliest structure fire in U.S. history; loss of life due to blocked exits; burn victims were among the first treated with penicillin | |
476–1,000+ | 1927 | Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster | Industrial, silicosis | Gauley Bridge, West Virginia | 178 admitted deaths, 476 with congressional inquiry, 1,000+ by epidemiologists. | |
454+ | 1936 | 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak | Tornado outbreak | Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee | At least 12 tornadoes, including the following:
| |
428 | 1913 | 1913 (Ohio) statewide flood | Flood | Ohio | ||
418+ | 1894 | Great Hinckley Fire | Wildfire (rural) | Hinckley, Minnesota and vicinity | ||
416 | 1957 | Hurricane Audrey | Tropical cyclone | Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama | $147,000,000 (1957) |
|
408 | 1935 | 1935 Labor Day hurricane | Tropical cyclone | Florida |
201 to 400 deaths
81 to 200 deaths
41 to 80 deaths
15 to 40 deaths
See also
By type
- List of missing ships
- List of boiler explosions
- List of Indian massacres in North America
- List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
- List of battles with most United States military fatalities
- List of hotel fires in the United States
- List of the deadliest firefighter disasters in the United States
- Freedmen massacres
- List of notable disease outbreaks in the United States
By location
References
- ↑ CDC (March 28, 2020). "COVID Data Tracker". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ↑ The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the United States: The Basics - Kaiser Family Foundation
- ↑ 1918 Pandemic (H1N1 virus) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- ↑ 1957-1958 Pandemic (H2N2 virus) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- ↑ 1968 Pandemic (H3N2 virus) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- ↑ "Hurricane Costs". www.coast.noaa.gov. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ↑ "Ascertainment of the estimated excess mortality from Hurricane María in Puerto Rico" (PDF). www.publichealth.gwu.edu. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
- ↑ Kishore, Nishant; Marqués, Domingo; Mahmud, Ayesha; Kiang, Mathew V.; Rodriguez, Irmary; Fuller, Arlan; Ebner, Peggy; Sorensen, Cecilia; Racy, Fabio; Lemery, Jay; Maas, Leslie; Leaning, Jennifer; Irizarry, Rafael A.; Balsari, Satchit; Buckee, Caroline O. (2018). "Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria". New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (2): 162–170. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1803972. PMID 29809109.
- ↑ Wise, James E; Baron, Scott (2003). Soldiers lost at sea: a chronicle of troopship disasters. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 25, 31&101. ISBN 978-1-59114-966-8.
- ↑ "In death, WWII survivor joins shipmates". NBC News. The Associated Press. October 31, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ↑ "Leopoldville". Uboat.net. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
- ↑ Fenton, Ben (April 26, 2004). "The disaster that could have scuppered Overlord". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Frank, Richard B (1990). Guadalcanal. Random House. p. 459. ISBN 978-0-394-58875-9.
- ↑ "Dorchester". Uboat.net. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
- ↑ Brown, David (1995). Warship Losses of World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-55750-914-7.
- 1 2 3 Eric S. Blake; Edward N. Rappaport; Christopher W. Landsea (2007). "The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 to 2006" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
- ↑ Tempest, Mark. "Sunday Ship History: USS Mount Hood (AE-11)". EagleSpeak. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ "Horrible Accident, the Result of Hellish Avarice". Public Ledger. November 11, 1837. p. 2. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
- ↑ Peter Aldhous, Stephanie M. Lee and Zarah Hirji (May 26, 2021). "The Texas Winter Storm And Power Outages Killed Hundreds More People Than The State Says". Buzzfeed News. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
- ↑ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1975). History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume I The Battle of the Atlantic 1939-1943. Little, Brown and Company. p. 336.
- ↑ Henderson, John R. "Demographics of the TITANIC Passengers: Deaths, Survivals, Nationality, and Lifeboat Occupancy". ICYouSee. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ↑ Carter, John E. (2011). "Wounded Knee Massacre". University of Nebraska at Lincoln. Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
- ↑ Russell, Samuel L. (December 30, 2013). "Lakota Casualties at Wounded Knee". Army at Wounded Knee. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
- ↑ Newman, Stephen Morrell (1881). America: An Encyclopaedia of Its History and Biography, Arranged in Chronological Paragraphs, with Full Accounts of Prehistoric America and the Indians, and Notes on Contemporaneous History ... Coburn & Newman publishing Company. p. 464.
- ↑ Smiley, Brenda (November–December 1999). "Sand Creek Massacre". Archaeology. Vol. 52, no. 6. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Gill, Julian (October 8, 2018). "Deadly NY limo crash stark reminder of bus fire that killed 23 from Bellaire". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Wreck of the Mexico (1837) Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Downes, Bridget (November 8, 2018). "City unveils Wreck of Mexico landmark". Long Island Herald. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Lloyd, James T. (1856). Lloyd's steamboat directory, and disasters on the western waters. Cincinnati, O.: J.T. Lloyd & Co. pp. 189–194 – via HathiTrust.
- ↑ Fortin, Jacey; Hassan, Adeel. "As Search for Maui Victims Goes On, Names of Dead Slowly Emerge". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- 1 2 Indiana Plane Crashes Archived 2013-06-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Secrest, William B. Jr.; Seacrest, William B. Sr. (2006). "1864: Explosion of the Washoe". California Disasters, 1812-1899: Firsthand Accounts of Fires, Shipwrecks, Floods, Epidemics, Earthquakes and Other California Tragedies. Quill Driver Books. pp. 106–109. ISBN 978-1-884995-49-1.
- ↑ "Deadliest Workplace Accidents | American Experience | PBS". www.pbs.org. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Bogardus, Carl (1991). Collision of the United States and America: Rendezvous with Destiny. Warsaw Kentucky USA: The Gallatin County Historical Society. pp. 2–30.
- 1 2 3 4 "Casualties: US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Killed and Injured in Selected Accidents and Other Incidents Not Directly the Result of Enemy Action". public2.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Long, Heather; Berman, Mark; Hawkins, Derek (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas gunman kills at least 58 in shooting rampage, 500 more injured". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
- ↑ Pirani, Fiza (October 2, 2017). "Was the Las Vegas gunman a terrorist? Under Nevada law, possibly. Under federal law? Not exactly". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
- ↑ "Hurricane Michael upgraded to a Category 5 at time of U.S. landfall | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration". www.noaa.gov. April 19, 2019.
- ↑ https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL142018_Michael.pdf
- ↑ "The Yosemite Disaster & Ghouls". Martinez News-Gazette. October 21, 1865. p. 2. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
- ↑ Roberts, Jeannie. "Survivor recalls 1965 Titan II missile silo fire that killed 53". Daily Record. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ "San Francisco Call 10 July 1892 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu.
- ↑ "Memphis Riots and Massacres: Official Report". The Daily Memphis Avalanche. December 5, 1866. p. 1. Retrieved June 24, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "San Pedro News Pilot 23 April 1938 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Burton, Laura M. "Ardmore Gas Explosion." Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Accessed August 18, 2018.
- ↑ F. C. Pate (United States Weather Bureau) (October 1946). "The Tornado at Montgomery, Alabama, February 12, 1945". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. 27 (8): 462–464. JSTOR 26257954. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
- ↑ "On this date in 1977: 42 people died in Maury County Jail fire". The Tennessean. 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Sharp, Angie (January 7, 2015). "65 Years Later…Remembering The Tragedy At St. Elizabeth's". WQAD Channel 8. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Darack, Ed (March 2015). "The Final Flight of Extortion 17". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
- ↑ Flores, Jessica (December 1, 2020). "California boat captain indicted on manslaughter charges for 2019 fire that killed 34 people aboard Conception". USA Today. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
- ↑ Williams, Reed; Morrison, Shawna (April 26, 2007). "Police: No motive found". The Roanoke Times. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
- ↑ Hoffmann, Carlee (May 5, 2022). "A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot of 1920". Florida Historical Quarterly. 93 (1).
- ↑ "Keansburg, NJ Boarding Home Fire, Jan 1981 | GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods". .gendisasters.com. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
- ↑ "Remarks by President Biden on the October 7th Terrorist Attacks and the Resilience of the State of Israel and its People". The White House.gov. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ↑ "Wayland, NY Passenger Train Collision, Aug 1943". GenDisasters. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
- ↑ "Memories of UE plane crash still linger". ECP.
- ↑ Lawrence Messina (April 5, 2010). "West Virginia Coal Mine Explosion: 25 Dead After Massey Blast". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
- ↑ "Documents: New details on Newtown school massacre". CNN. March 28, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
- ↑ Dan_nehs (March 28, 2021). "The Worst Train Wreck in New Hampshire History - The 1907 Canaan Disaster". New England Historical Society. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Harper, Brad (February 6, 2017). "50 years later: High-rise fire echoes through time". Montgomery Advertiser. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
- ↑ "Man Sentenced to 625 Years for 25 Deaths in Dorothy Mae Fire". AP NEWS. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ "Barren Creek Dam Failures Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ↑ "1910 Stock Yards Fire Remembered". www.cbsnews.com. December 22, 2010. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Harrison, Scott (May 29, 2019). "From the Archives: Fire kills 24 at Hope Development School". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
- ↑ "Steamboat Disaster: Explosion of the Kentucky". Daily Evening Citizen. May 21, 1861. p. 2. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
- ↑ "History of Fire and the Kingstree Fire Department 1867-1930" (PDF). scfirefighters.org. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ↑ "To the Public". The Baptist. May 30, 1846. p. 9. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
- ↑ Tsichlis, Michael G. (April 2004). "Calamity and Glory: Phelim O'Toole, Mike Hester, and the Legacy of Heroism at the Southern Hotel Fire". Missouri Historical Review. State Historical Society of Missouri. XCVIII (3): 223–248. ISSN 0026-6582 – via HathiTrust.
- ↑ Henley, David C. (September 25, 2014). "Remembering deadly Sierra bus crash". Nevada Appeal. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ Jones, Sheritha (January 10, 2022). "Back in the day, Jan. 10, 1976: Fremont's Pathfinder Hotel explodes, killing 20". Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ "Desert Sun 6 June 1980 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ "Forbes". www.forbes.com.
- ↑ Grad, Shelby (March 18, 2021). "The racist massacre that killed 10% of L.A.'s Chinese population and brought shame to the city". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ↑ Nathanson, Iric (July 9, 2021). "Washburn A Mill Explosion, 1878". MNopedia. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
- ↑ "Savanna | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture". www.okhistory.org.
- ↑ "Natchitoches, LA Gas Pipeline Explosion, Mar 1965". GenDisasters.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ↑ "Protected Cruiser Memorial". www.ussboston.org. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
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