Qaumī Tarānah
English: National Anthem
قومی ترانہ
Score of "Qaumī tarānah"
National anthem of Pakistan
Also known asPāk Sarzamīn (English: "Thy Sacred Land")
LyricsAbu Al-Asar Hafeez Jalandhari, June 1952
MusicAhmed Ghulam Ali Chagla, 21 August 1949
Adopted16 August 1954
Audio sample
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version
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"Qaumī Tarānāh" (Urdu: قومی ترانہ, pronounced [ˈqɔːmiː təˈɾaːnə]; lit. "National Anthem"), also known as "Pāk Sarzamīn" (پاک سرزمین, pronounced [ˈpɑːk ˈsəɾzəmiːn]; "Thy Sacred Land"), is the national anthem of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and formerly the Dominion of Pakistan. It was written in Urdu by Hafeez Jalandhari in 1952 and the music was composed by Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949, preceding the lyrics. It was broadcast publicly for the first time on Radio Pakistan on 13 August 1954, sung by Jalandhari himself and officially adopted on 16 August 1954 by the Interior Ministry of the Government of Pakistan.

After officially being adopted,[1] it was recorded in the same year by eleven major singers of Pakistan including Ahmad Rushdi, Kaukab Jahan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zawar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastagir, Anwar Zaheer, and Akhtar Wasi Ali.[2]

History

Ahmed Rushdi recorded the National Anthem of Pakistan in 1954.

In early 1948, A. R. Ghani, a Muslim from South Africa's Transvaal, offered two prizes of five thousand rupees each for the poet and composer of a new national anthem for the newly independent state of Pakistan. The prizes were announced through a government press advertisement published in June 1948. In December 1948, the Government of Pakistan established the National Anthem Committee (NAC) with the task of coming up with the composition and lyrics for the official national anthem of Pakistan. The NAC was initially chaired by the Information Secretary, Sheikh Muhammad Ikram, and its members included several politicians, poets and musicians, including Abdur Rab Nishtar, Ahmad G. Chagla and Hafeez Jullundhri. The NAC encountered early difficulties in finding suitable music and lyrics.

When President Sukarno of Indonesia became the first foreign head of state to visit Pakistan on 30 January 1950, there was no Pakistani national anthem to be played. In 1950, the impending state visit of the Shah of Iran added urgency to the matter and resulted in the government of Pakistan asking the NAC to submit a state anthem without further delay. The NAC chairman, then Federal Minister for Education, Fazlur Rahman, asked several poets and composers to write lyrics but none of the submitted works were deemed suitable. The NAC also examined several different tunes and eventually selected the one presented by Ahmed G. Chagla and submitted it for formal approval.[3] On 21 August 1950, the Government of Pakistan adopted Chagla's tune for the national anthem.[4]

The anthem, without lyrics, was performed for the first time for a foreign head of state on the state visit of the Shah of Iran to Pakistan in Karachi on 1 March 1950 by a Pakistan Navy band.

It was later played for Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan during his official visit to the United States on 3 May 1950. It was played before the NAC on 10 August 1950.[5] Official recognition to the national anthem, however, was not given until August 1954.[5] The NAC distributed records of the composed tune amongst prominent poets, who responded by writing and submitting several hundred songs for evaluation by the NAC. Eventually, the lyrics written by Hafeez Jullundhri were approved and the new national anthem was broadcast publicly for the first time on Radio Pakistan on 13 August 1954, sung by Hafeez Jullundhri himself. Official approval was announced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on 16 August 1954. The composer, Ahmed G. Chagla, died in 1953, before the new national anthem was officially adopted. In 1955, there was a performance of the national anthem involving 11 major singers of Pakistan, including Ahmad Rushdi, Kaukab Jahan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zawar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastagir, Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar Wasi Ali.[6][7][8]

In 2021, Interior Minister at the time Fawad Chaudhry announced that the Qaumi Tarana will be re-recorded with better quality.[9] The project was completed in 2022 during Shehbaz Sharif’s tenure.[10] 155 singers, 48 musicians and 6 bandmasters participated in the re-recording, it was released on 14 August, 2022.[11][12]

Music

The "Qaumī Tarānah" is a rendering of a three-stanza composition with a tune based on eastern music but arranged in such a manner that it can be easily played by foreign bands.

The music, composed by the Pakistani musician and composer, Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949, reflects his background in both eastern and western music. Typically twenty-one musical instruments[4] and thirty-eight different tones[4] are used to play the "Qaumī Tarānah",[13] the duration of which is usually around 80 seconds.[1][4][14]

Lyrics

The lyrics which are in classical High-Urdu is written by the Pakistani Urdu-language poet Hafeez Jalandhari in 1952. Each word in the anthem was carefully picked to make sure it was a valid Perso-Arabic word (to avoid Hindostani words) and it cohered with the tune of the anthem. Most words of the anthem have commonality with the Persian language, hence rendering them mutually intelligible in both Urdu and Persian scripts. No verse in the three stanza lyrics is repeated.[1] The lyrics have heavy Persian poetic vocabulary,[15] and only use one exclusively native word, "kā".[16]

Urdu official

Nastaliq script[17][18] Roman Urdu ALA-LC romanization[8] IPA transcription[lower-alpha 1]

پاک سرزمین شاد باد
کشورِ حسین شاد باد
تُو نشانِ عزمِ عالی شان
ارضِ پاکستان!‏
مرکزِ یقین شاد باد

پاک سرزمین کا نظام
قُوَّتِ اُخوَّتِ عوام
قوم، ملک، سلطنت
پائندہ تابندہ باد!‏
شاد باد منزلِ مراد

پرچمِ ستارہ و ہِلال
رہبرِ ترقِّی و کمال
ترجمانِ ماضی، شانِ حال
جانِ استقبال!‏
سایۂ خدائے ذوالجلال

Paak sar zameen shaad baad
Kishwari haseen shaad baad
Too nishaani azmi aalee shaan
Arzi Paakistaan!
Markazi yaqeen shaad baad

Paak sar zameen kaa nizaam
Quwwati ukhuwwati awaam
Qaum, Mulk, Saltanat
Paayindah taabindah baad!
Shaad baad manzili muraad

Parchami sitaarah o hilaal
Rahbari taraqqee o kamaal
Tarjumaani maazee shaani haal
Jaani istaqbaal!
Saayahyi Khudaayi Zol-jalaal

Pāk sarzamīn shād bād
Kishwar-i ḥasīn shād bād
Tū nishān-i ‘azm-i ‘ālī shān
Arẓ-i Pākistān!
Markaz-i yaqīn shād bād

Pāk sarzamīn kā niz̤ām
Quwwat-i Uk͟huwwat-i ‘awām
Qaum, mulk, salt̤anat
Pāyindah tābindah bād!
Shād bād manzil-i murād

Parcam-i sitārah o-hilāl
Rahbar-i taraqqī o-kamāl
Tarjumān-i māẓī, shān-i ḥāl
Jān-i istiqbāl!
Sāyah-yi K͟hudā-yi Ẕū l-jalāl

[pɑːk səɾ.zə.miːn ʃɑːd̪ bɑːd̪ |]
[kɪʃ.ʋə.ɾe hə.siːn ʃɑːd̪ bɑːd̪ |]
[t̪uː nɪ.ʃɑː.ne əz.me ɑː.liː ʃɑːn]
[əɾ.ze pɑː.kɪs.t̪ɑːn |]
[məɾ.kə.ze jə.qiːn ʃɑːd̪ bɑːd̪ ǁ]

[pɑːk səɾ.zə.miːn kɑː nɪ.zɑːm |]
[qʊʋ.ʋə.t̪e ʊ.xʊʋ.ʋə.t̪e ə.ʋɑːm |]
[qɔːm | mʊlk | səl.t̪ə.nət̪]
[pɑː.jɪn.d̪ɑ t̪ɑː.bɪn.d̪ɑ bɑːd̪ |]
[ʃɑːd̪ bɑːd̪ mən.zɪ.le mʊ.ɾɑːd̪ ǁ]

[pəɾ.t͡ʃə.me sɪ.t̪ɑː.ɾɑ oː hɪ.lɑːl |]
[rɛh.bə.ɾe t̪ə.ɾəq.qiː oː kə.mɑːl |]
[t̪əɾ.d͡ʒʊ.mɑː.ne mɑː.ziː ʃɑː.ne hɑːl]
[d͡ʒɑː.ne ɪs.t̪əq.bɑːl |]
[sɑː.jɑ.e xʊ.d̪ɑː.je zʊl d͡ʒə.lɑːl ǁ]

English translation

Literal[19]Poetic[20]

Blessed be the sacred land,
Happy be the bounteous realm.
Thou symbol of high resolve,
O Land of Pakistan!
Blessed be the citadel of faith.

The order of this sacred land,
The might of the brotherhood of the people,
May the nation, the country, and the state,
Shine in glory everlasting!
Blessed be the goal of our ambition.

The flag of the crescent and star,
Leads the way to progress and perfection,
Interpreter of our past, glory of our present,
inspiration for our future!
Shade of God, the Glorious and Mighty.

May the holy land, stay glad;
Beauteous realm, stay glad.
Thou, the sign of high resolve—
O Land of Pakistan!
Citadel of faith, stay glad.

Order of the holy land,
Power of fraternity of the populace;
The nation, country, and domain;
Ever luminous remain!
The cherished goal, stay glad.

Flag with the star and crescent,
The leader of progress and ascent,
Dragoman of past, the pride of present;
Soul of the future!
Shadow of the God of grandeur

Milestones

  • 1947 – The new state of Pakistan came into being on 14 August.
  • 1949 – Music for the "Qaumī Tarānah" is composed by the Pakistani musical composer, Ahmad G. Chagla (running time: 80 seconds).
  • 1950 – anthem, without lyrics, was performed for the first time for a foreign head of state on the state visit of the Shah of Iran to Pakistan in Karachi on 1 March 1950 by a Pakistan Navy band.
  • 1952 – Verses were written by the Pakistani poet, Hafeez Jullundhri, are selected from amongst 723 entries.
  • 1954 – Officially adopted as the national anthem and broadcast for the first time on Radio Pakistan on 13 August
  • 1955 – Sung by 11 famous Pakistani singers including Ahmad Rushdi, Shamim Bano, Kokab Jehan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zwar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastgir, Anwar Zaheer, and Akhtar Wassi
  • 1996 – Rendered in electric guitar for the first time by Pakistani rock band Junoon in their album Inqilaab
  • 2009 – Rendered as an acoustic instrumental for the first time by Pakistani musician Jehangir Aziz Hayat
  • 2011 – On 14 August, 5,857 people gathered in a stadium in Karachi to sing the "Qaumī Tarānah" and set a new world record for most people gathered to sing a national anthem simultaneously.[21]
  • 2012 – On 20 October, 70,000 people gathered in a stadium in Lahore to sing the Qaumee Taraanah and set a new world record for most people gathered to sing a national anthem simultaneously, which was certified by Guinness World Records.[22]
  • 2017 – Coke Studio released a collaborative rendition of "Qaumī Tarānah" on 4 August by the featured artistes, to celebrate the 70 years of Pakistan in the tenth season.[23][24]
  • 2022 – The anthem was re-recorded with modern instruments and in a higher quality. It was released on Pakistan’s 75th Independence Day.[25][26][27][28]

See also

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Notes

  1. ↑ See Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu and Hindustani phonology.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Information of Pakistan". Infopak.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  2. ↑ "Death Anniversary of Ahmed Rushdi". Duniya News. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  3. ↑ Michael Jamieson Bristow, National-Anthems.org. "Forty National Anthems". Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2006.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Aqeel Abbas Jafari (2010). Pakistan Chronicle (in Urdu) (1st ed.). Karachi: Wirsa Publishers. p. 42. ISBN 9789699454004.
  5. 1 2 "National Anthem". Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 29 November 2007.
  6. ↑ Mazhar Iqbal, Mazhar.dk. "Ahmad Rushdi". http://mazhar.dk/film/singers/ahmadrushdi/. Retrieved 12 April 2006.
  7. ↑ Minahan, James (23 December 2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems [2 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 141. ISBN 9780313344978.
  8. 1 2 Hang, Xing (2003). Encyclopedia of National Anthems. The Scarecrow Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-8108-4847-3.
  9. ↑ Altaf, Arhama (21 April 2021). "Pakistan's National Anthem All Set For Its HD Recording By PTV". BOL News. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  10. ↑ "PM to launch re-recorded national anthem on Independence Day". The Express Tribune. 13 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  11. ↑ "PM to launch re-recorded national anthem on Independence Day". The Express Tribune. 13 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  12. ↑ Pakistan National Anthem (Rerecorded), retrieved 14 August 2022
  13. ↑ Mazhar Iqbal, Mazhar.dk. "National Anthem of Pakistan". Retrieved 12 April 2006.
  14. ↑ Information Ministry, Government of Pakistan. "Basic Facts". Archived from the original on 13 April 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2006.
  15. ↑ Alex Vatanka (28 July 2015). Iran and Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy and American Influence. I.B.Tauris. p. 14. ISBN 9780857739155.
  16. ↑ "The national anthem of Pakistan". Dawn. 13 August 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  17. ↑ "پاک سرزمین شاد باد #0 - أغنية قومی ترانہ غناء". www.modablaj.com.
  18. ↑ "NationStates | Dispatch | National Anthem of The Pakistani Federation". www.nationstates.net.
  19. ↑ "Indian History Sourcebook: National Anthem of Pakistan". New York, New York: Fordham University. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  20. ↑ Pasha, Muhammad A. English Composition (Part II). Lahore: Command Publications.
  21. ↑ "Pakistan creates new anthem record". The Express Tribune. 12 August 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  22. ↑ "Pakistan reclaims anthem singing record". The News. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  23. ↑ Rafay Mahmood (4 July 2017). "Exclusive: Coke Studio 10's line-up will leave you starstruck". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  24. ↑ Coke Studio (4 August 2017). "The National Anthem of Pakistan". Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2017 – via YouTube.
  25. ↑ "Re-recording of the National Anthem set to release on August 14". Daily Times. 6 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  26. ↑ Pakistan National Anthem (Rerecorded), retrieved 14 August 2022
  27. ↑ "PM to launch re-recorded national anthem on Independence Day". The Express Tribune. 13 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  28. ↑ Re-recorded National Anthem of Pakistan 🇵🇰 ♥️ 😍 #14august #جشن_آزادی__مبارک, retrieved 20 August 2022
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