Padangsidimpuan
City
Other transcription(s)
• Batak	ᯈᯑᯊ᯲ᯎ᯲ ᯚᯪᯑᯪᯔ᯲ᯇᯮᯀᯊ᯲
Coat of arms
Location within North Sumatra
Padangsidimpuan Location in Sumatra and Indonesia Show map of Sumatra Padangsidimpuan Padangsidimpuan (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia
Coordinates: 1°22′43″N 99°16′20″E / 1.37861°N 99.27222°E / 1.37861; 99.27222
Country	Indonesia
Province	North Sumatra
Government
• Mayor	Dr. H. Letnan Dalimunthe, SKM, M.Kes (Pejabat)
• Chairman of City's Council of Representatives	Siwan Siswanto (Golkar)
• Vice Chairmen of City's Council of Representatives	Rusydi Nasution (Gerindra) and Erwin Nasution (National Mandate Party)
Area
• Total	159.28 km2 (61.50 sq mi)
Population  (mid 2022 estimate)
• Total	231,062
• Density	1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi)
	[1]
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	Majority: Batak Mandailing and Javanese Others: Minangkabau, Chinese, etc.
• Religion	Islam Christianity Catholic Buddhism
Time zone	UTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time)
Area code	(+62) 634
Vehicle registration	BB
Website	padangsidimpuankota.go.id

Padangsidimpuan (Padang Sidimpuan) is a city in North Sumatra, Indonesia, and the former capital of South Tapanuli Regency, which surrounds the city. It has an area of 159.28 km² and a population of 178,818 people at the 2000 census, which rose to 191,554 in the 2010 census^[2] and 225,105 at the 2020 Census;^[3] the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 231,062 - comprising 115,038 males and 116,024 females.^[1]

Padangsidimpuan City is located at 448 Km from Medan City and is one of the areas in the western part of North Sumatra Province and is the largest city in the western part of North Sumatra Province. The topography of Padangsidimpuan City is hilly and surrounded by the Bukit Barisan Mountains and traversed by several rivers such as the Batang Ayumi River and the Aek Sibontar River.^[4]

Gate City Of Padangsidimpuan between Angkola Timur district and Padangsidimpuan Batunadua district

History

Mean Of Name And Dutch Colonial Rule

Map of the Padangsidimpuan and Sibolga City Areas published by the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government in 1875 which shows the name of the city of Padang Sidempoean (in Bottom Right of the Image)

Around of year 1700, Padangsidimpuan is a small hamlet that often visited by traders as a resting place, and it called as "Padang Na Dimpu." "Padang Na Dimpu" means a land at altitude which overgrown by weeds and it located in Kampung Bukit, Suburban of Wek II, at side of Sangkumpal Bonang river.

The name of the city comes from "Padang na dimpu", in the Angkola Batak language; Padang means expanse or wide area, na means in a, and dimpu means high, so it can be interpreted as "a wide expanse in a high place." In ancient times, this area was a stopover place for traders from various regions, fish and salt traders from Sibolga – Padangsidimpuan – Panyabungan, Padang Bolak (North Padang Lawas) – Padangsidimpuan – Sibolga.^[5]

Troughout the establishment of Padangsidimpuan fort, the growth of trading activities in Sitamiang (now), including the slave trade which is called Hatoban also be more advanced. For each trade transaction, Tuanku Lelo get charges 10 percent of goods price. By Traktat Hamdan at March 17, 1824, the authority of British in Sumatra have submitted to Netherlands, including Recidency of Tappanooli that had establised by England in 1771. After destroyed the Padries in 1830, the Netherlands established the Mandailing District (kawedanan), Angkola District and Teluk Tapanuli District under the authority of Government of Sumatras West Kust in Padang. Between 1885 till 1906, Padangsidimpuan ever be resident’s capital of Tapanuli^[6]

The Guesthouse (Pasanggrahan) in Padangsidimpuan Between 1920-1930. (Now its the Major Office of Padangsidimpuan)

Along with the development of this city, the Dutch Colonial Government through Staatsblad Regulation No. 563/1937, raised the status of Padangsidimpuan to city level. and the Administrative division of the city at that time was divided into 6 Weks (Wijk In Dutch), namely Wek I (Kampung Marancar), Wek II (Pasar Julu), Wek III (Kampung Teleng), Wek IV (Kampung Jawa), Wek V (Pasar Siborang and Sitamiang), and Wek VI (Kampung Darek).

Thus, this city is increasingly developing and becoming the center of the economy in the Tapanuli area, along with the development of plantation industries such as rubber and coffee, and also the trade sector, such as trading in salt (Sira In Batak Angkola means), fish and other commodities originating from the surrounding area.

The Main Street in Padangsidimpuan City around 1900-1920s (Now Jalan Merdeka)

Indonesia Revolution 1945–1949

Since President Soekarno proclaimed Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945, news of the proclamation of independence was brought in by fighters from the Sibolga area and Bukittinggi City. On July 15 1947, Mohammad Hatta visited Padangsidimpuan City as part of a working visit from Bukittinggi to Medan, at which time the Dutch Military Aggression was taking place which aimed to defend the Republic of Indonesia from Operation Kraai.^[7]

Soekarno Speech in Pasar Batu courtyard Padangsidimpuan in 1948

After Mohammad Hatta visited Padangsidimpuan City, in 1948, President Soekarno visited Padangsidimpuan City and was warmly welcomed when he arrived in this city, President Soekarno gave his speech in two places in this city, at Pasar Batu, and a square (now a Grand Mosque Al-Abror/New Grand Mosque).^[8] which was a sign that President Soekarno wanted to give the spirit of struggle to the people of Tapanuli, and the people who welcomed him did not only come from the Padangsidimpuan and Tapanuli city areas, but also came from Labuhan Batu and Pasir Pangaraian. and finally President Soekarno continued his journey to Sibolga and Tarutung.

several months after President Soekarno's arrival in Padangsidimpuan. The Dutch violated the Renville Agreement and invaded Tapanuli Residents, it starts From the early hours of December 19 1948, Dutch soldiers violated the status quo line in Asahan by shooting dead members of the Security Police who were carrying out their duties in the security area of the Republic. On that day the Dutch army also pushed through Rantau Prapat to Wingfoot (now Kotapinang).

On September 23 1948, the Dutch army crossed the status quo line in Ajibata early in the morning at 3.00, and on that day also at 5.00 it was able to land its troops in Balige. By transporting troops via Lake Toba, the Dutch army had succeeded in cutting through the T.N.I.'s defenses. at the Doors. Meanwhile, the Dutch army deployed its paratroopers at the Silangit airport in Siborong-borong. At midday the Dutch army arrived in Tarutung. On December 24 1948, at 9.00 am, the Dutch army landed its troops in Sibolga. All the operations carried out by the Dutch, namely breaking the static line on Rakjat and Ajibata Islands, disembarking their troops in "Silangit" and landing their troops in Sibolga were assisted by airplanes which dropped bombs and carried out shootings with machine guns.

On January 2 1949, Padangsidempuan was occupied by Dutch troops. That night TNI with the youth of the people launching an attack on the Dutch troops who entered Padang Sidempuan. After the attack. TNI with the youths again withdrawing. Through Padangsidimpuan, the Dutch army was able to occupy Pijorkoling.^[9]

Liberation Democracy (1950-1960)

Pasar Batu (Stone Market) In Padangsidimpuan Between 1960-1970

After recognition of the sovereignty of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. On March 11 1950, the South Tapanuli Regency People's Representative Council was formed in 1950 Along with the formation of South Tapanuli Regency which includes the Mandailing Natal Regency, Padang Bolak Regency and Padangsidimpuan Regency, which was strengthened by Law No. 7 of 1956 which contained 27 members of the People's Representative Council whose capital was Padangsidimpuan.^[10]

New Order until autonomous city (1982-2001)

In 1982, through Government Regulation No. 32 of 1982, Padangsidimpuan's status was raised to an administrative city, which is a stage towards the status of an autonomous city consisting of two sub-districts, namely South Padangsidimpuan and North Padangsidimpuan.^[11]

Geography

Padangsidimpuan is a medium-sized city located in North Sumatra Province and is located south of Sibolga. Padangsidimpuan City was formed in 2001 based on Law Number 04 of 2001 concerning the Establishment of Padangsidimpuan City. Geographically, Padangsidimpuan City is located at 01º 08' 00 - 01 28' 00 North Latitude 2 and 99º 13' 00 - 99º 20'00 East Longitude which has a tropical climate with an average air temperature of 22 .5ºC - 24ºC and is surrounded by several hills and crossed by several rivers and streams. The city of Padangsidimpuan is located stretching from northwest to southeast in the valley of Mount Lubuk Raya, the Bukit Barisan ridge, which consists of hills and lowlands with a height of 260 meters to 1,100 meters above sea level.

Padangsidimpuan City is located 448 km from Medan, the capital of North Sumatra Province, with an area surrounded by South Tapanuli Regency and can be reached in ± 10 hours by road. The position of Padangsidimpuan City has adequate land access and is quite strategic, because it is on the main route which is a link between various growth centers in the Sumatra region. The distance from Padangsidimpuan via Sibolga to Medan is 470 Km2, the distance from Padangsidimpuan via Sipirok to Medan is 406 Km2, and the distance from Padangsidimpuan City via Gunung Tua to Medan is 507 Km2. This city is the intersection of land routes to the cities of Medan, Sibolga, and Padang (West Sumatra) on the western Sumatra route.^[12]

The topography of the area is in the form of a valley surrounded by the Barisan Hills so that when viewed from a distance, the Padangsidimpuan city area is like a basin that resembles a lake. The highest peaks of the hills and mountains that surround this city are Mount Lubuk Raya and Bukit (Tor) Sanggarudang which are located side by side to the north of the city.^[13]

One of the famous hills in Padangsidimpuan is Bukit (Tor) Simarsayang. Many rivers cross this city, including the Batang Ayumi River, Aek Sangkumpal Bonang (which is now the name of a shopping center in the center of this city), Aek Rukkare which joins Aek Sibontar, and Aek Batangbahal, as well as Aek Batang Angkola which flows in the southern/southwestern boundary of this city and is opened by Aek Sibontar near the Naposo Stadium.

Administrative districts

The city is divided into six districts (Indonesian: kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census^[2] and the 2020 Census,^[3] together with the official estimates as of mid-2022.^[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centers, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 37 urban kelurahan and 42 rural desa), and its post codes.

Note that "Padangsidimpuan" is abbreviated to "PS" in the table above.

Economic

The income of the people of Padangsidimpuan is mostly from farming. includes rice fields and plantations. The main plantation production is Zalacca. In the past, zalacca plantations were only concentrated at the foot of Tor Sanggarudang (including, Hutakoje, Hutalambung, Sibakkua) and in the late 1970s zalacca plantations then expanded to the foot of Mount Lubukraya (such as Lobu Layan, Sitaratoit, Pintu Langit), and the western area of this city . Other plantation products are rubber, coffee, coconut, cocoa, cloves, candlenuts and cinnamon.

The following is a list of market facilities in Padangsidimpuan City

1. Inpres Market (Aek Tampang dan Sadabuan)
2. Sangkumpal Bonang Market
3. Pasar Batu (Pajak Batu) Which the most Oldest in this city
4. Cok Kodok Market
5. Mahera Market
6. Traditional market (Poken) which is open every 1 day of the week

• Lubuk Raya Market in Joring Natobang
• Pijor Koling Market
• Hutaimbaru Market

Demography

Population

Angkola-Mandailing Traditional Clothing which is the majority ethnic group in Padangsidimpuan

Total population Padang Sidempuan Municipality in 2022 was estimated at 231,062 people, consisting of 115,038 male and 116,024 female residents with area 159.28 km2, so the population density reaches 1.451 people/km2.^[14]

Religion

The majority of residents of the city of Padang Sidimpuan are Muslim, and some are Christian, Catholic, and Buddhist. Based on the 2010 Census, the population is Muslim at 89.95%, Christian: at 8.94%, Catholic: at 0.46%, Buddhist: at 0.35%, and others: at 0.29%.^[15]

• 
  Great Mosque Al-Abror Padangsidimpuan
• 
  Protestant Church HKBP Padangsidimpuan
• 
  The Catholic Church the Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Church St. Mary Mother Padangsidimpuan.
• 
  Vihara Avalokitesvara Padangsidimpuan (Buddhis Monastery)

Climate

Padangsidimpuan has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from June to August and heavy rainfall in the remaining months. The weather is mild throughout the years with rainy and sunny days.

Tourism

The development of tourism in Padangsidimpuan City is very well developed, and several areas are tourist centers for the community in Padangsidimpuan City, namely the Salak Monument area, Jalan Merdeka area, Pasar Pajak Batu area, Tor (Bukit) Simarsayang, and Teletubbies Hill in Batunadua. which is the Tourism Center in Padangsidimpuan City.

Photo Gallery

• 
  Pasar Batu (Stone Market) In Padangsidimpuan Between 1960-1970
• 
  President Soekarno Give Speech at Pasar Batu (Stone Market) in Padangsidimpuan in 1948
• 
  Stone Market Padangsidimpuan in 1950 with the Landmark Sentral Losmen in Padangsidimpuan Downtown
• 
  A Market in Padangsidimpuan Between 1940-1950 (Now its The Sangkumpal Bonang Market
• 
  MULO School Padangsidimpuan in 1920-1930
• 
  Protestant church RMG Padangsidimpuan 1930-1940 (now HKBP Padangsidimpuan)
• 
  Pasar Baru (now Pasar Sangkumpal Bonang) Padangsidimpuan in 1980

References

• Badan Pusat Statistik (2023) (2023). Padangsidimpuan Dalam Angka 2023. ISSN 2476-891X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• Badan Pusat Statistik (2022) (2022). Padangsidimpuan Dalam Angka 2023. ISSN 2476-891X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• Harahap, Basyral; Hamidi. (2004). Siala Sampagul : Nilai-nilai Luhur Budaya Masyarakat Kota Padangsidimpuan. ISBN 9789799804914.
• Harahap, Basyral; Hamidi. (2003). Pemerintah Kota Padangsidimpuan Menghadapi Tantangan Zaman. ISBN 9799804906.