Queen Inheon
인헌왕후
Queen Consort of Joseon (posthumously honored)
Princess consort of Joseon
Tenure1587 – 1623
Princess consort of Joseon
Tenure1623 – 1626
Born2 June 1578
Chungcheong Province, Kingdom of Joseon
Died10 February 1626 (1626-02-11) (aged 47)
Hoesangjeon Hall, Gyeongdeok Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Jangneung Tombs 79, Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
SpouseGrand Internal Prince Jeongwon (m.1623–d.1620)
Issue
Posthumous name
  • Queen Gyeongui Jeongjeong Inheon
    • 경의정정인헌왕후
    • 敬毅貞靖仁獻王后
ClanNeungseong Gu clan (by birth)
Jeonju Yi clan (by marriage)
DynastyHouse of Yi (by marriage)
FatherGu Sa-maeng, Internal Prince Neungan
MotherInternal Princess Consort Pyeongsan of the Pyeongsan Shin clan
ReligionKorean Buddhism

Queen Inheon of the Neungseong Gu clan (Hangul: 인헌왕후 구씨, Hanja: 仁獻王后 具氏; 2 June 1578 – 10 February 1626),[1] also known as Lady Gyewoon (계운궁, 啓運宮),[2] was the wife of Grand Internal Prince Jeongwon and the biological mother of King Injo of Joseon.

Biography

Early life

The future Queen Inheon was born on 2 June 1578, as the fifth daughter and second youngest child of Gu Sa-maeng and his second wife, Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan. She had ten siblings: six older brothers, four older sisters and one younger sister.

It is said that because of the shared Royal blood the Queen’s parents have, they are 6th cousins as they share King Sejong as their 5th great-grandparent. Gu Sa-maeng through his 4th great-grandfather, Grand Prince Yeongeung, and Lady Shin through her 4th great-grandfather, Prince Gyeyang; as both princes were half-siblings. Also making Lady Gu and her future husband 7th cousins.

Her paternal great-grandmother was Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan, Queen Shin’s niece and Queen Dangyeong's younger cousin, and her great-great-grandmother was Princess Gilan; a granddaughter of King Sejong the Great and Queen Jeongsun's paternal cousin.

Her uncle, Gu Sa-an, married Princess Hyosun, second daughter of King Jungjong and Queen Munjeong, and her great-granduncle, Gu Mun-gyeong, was the husband of Princess Hwishin; only daughter of Yeonsangun and Queen Shin, and another younger cousin of Queen Dangyeong).

Marriage

In 1587, the 9-year-old Lady Gu married the 7-year-old Yi Bu, Prince Jeongwon, third son of Seonjo of Joseon with Royal Noble Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan. Thus becoming a sister-in-law to Princess Jeongmyeong and Grand Prince Yeongchang. She was titled Princess Consort Yeonju (연주군부인, 連珠郡夫人).

In March 1623, when her eldest son, Prince Neungyang, deposed Gwanghaegun and ascended the throne as King Injo, she moved into Gyeonghui Palace. After doing so, she was elevated to Princess Consort Yeonju (연주부부인, 連珠府夫人) but was eventually given Lady Gyewoon (계운궁, 啓運宮) as a separate title.

Death

Princess Consort Yeonju died on January 14, 1626, 4th year of King Injo's reign, at the age of 47.[3] Her tomb is located in Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea and is known as Jangneung (장릉).[4]

In 1632, she was elevated to Queen Inheon, after her husband, Grand Internal Prince Jeongwon, was posthumously honoured as King Wonjong of Joseon.

Family

  • Great-great-great-grandfather
    • Gu Chi-hong (구치홍, 具致洪) (1421 – 1507)
  • Great-great-great-grandmother
    • Lady Song of the Jincheon Song clan (진천 송씨, 鎭川 宋氏) (1425 - 1503); youngest daughter of Song Gye-hu (송계후, 宋啓後; 1385 - ?)
  • Great-great-grandfather
    • Gu Su-yeong (구수영, 具壽永) (1456 – 1523)
  • Great-great-grandmother
    • Yi Eok-cheon, Princess Gilan (길안현주 정경부인 이억천, 吉安縣主 貞敬夫人 李億千) (July 1457 – October 1519)[5][6][7]
  • Great-grandfather
    • Gu Hui-gyeong (구희경, 具希璟) (1488 - 1550)
  • Great-grandmother
  • Grandfather
    • Gu Sun (구순, 具淳) (1507 - 1551)
  • Grandmother
    • Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (정경부인 전주 이씨, 貞敬夫人 全州 李氏) (1506 - 1572)[10]
  • Father
    • Gu Sa-maeng, Internal Prince Neungan (구사맹 능안부원군) (1531 – 1604)
      • Uncle – Gu Sa-an (구사안) (1523 – 22 April 1562)
      • Aunt – Yi Ok-ryeon (이옥련, 李玉蓮), Princess Hyosun (효순공주, 孝順公主) (1522 – 1538)[11]
        • Adoptive cousin – Gu Hong (구홍, 具弘) (1562 - ?)
      • Aunt - Lady Yun (윤씨) (1523 - 1598); concubine
        • Half-cousin - Gu Sik (구식, 具寔) (1549 - ?)
        • Half-cousin - Gu Bak (구박, 具珀) (1555 - 1637)
        • Half-cousin - Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨)
        • Half-cousin - Gu Jeok (구적) (1557 - ?)
        • Half-cousin - Gu Hyo-nyeo (구효녀, 具孝女), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨) (1559 - ?)
        • Half-cousin - Gu Chu (구추, 具寉) (1561 - ?)
      • Aunt - Gu Jin-ok (구진옥, 具眞玉), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨) (1525 - ?)
      • Aunt - Gu Ae-ok (구애옥, 具愛玉), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨) (1527 - ?)
      • Uncle - Gu Sa-jeung (구사증, 具思曾) (1528 - 1610)
      • Aunt - Gu So-ok (구소옥, 具小玉), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨) (1530 - 1592)
      • Aunt - Gu Gye-hyang (구계향, 具桂香), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨) (1532 - ?)
      • Aunt - Gu Ok-sun (구옥순, 具玉純), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨) (1539 - ?)
      • Uncle - Gu Sa-jung (구사중, 具思仲) (1540 - 1618)
      • Uncle - Gu Sa-min (구사민, 具思閔) (1542 - 1593)
  • Mother
    • Step – Internal Princess Consort Seowon of the Cheongju Han clan (서원부부인 청주 한씨) (1532 - 1554)
      • Step-Grandfather - Han Geuk-gong (한극공, 韓克恭)
    • Biological - Shin Ji-hyang, Internal Princess Consort Pyeongsan of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (신지향 평산부부인 평산 신씨, 申芝香 平山府夫人 平山 申氏) (1538 – 1662)[12]
      • Grandfather – Shin Hwa-guk (신화국, 申華國) (1517 - 1578)[13][14]
      • Grandmother – Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (정경부인 파평 윤씨, 貞敬夫人 坡平 尹氏) (1522 - 1597); eldest daughter of Yun Hoe-jeong (윤회정, 尹懷貞; 1508 - ?)
      • Uncle – Shin Jab (신잡, 申磼) (1541 – 1609)
        • Aunt - Lady Yang (양씨, 梁氏) (15 November 1538 - 24 September 1607)
          • Cousin – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1560 - ?)
          • Cousin - Shin Gyeong-hui (신경희, 申景禧) (13 May 1561 - 3 September 1615)
          • Cousin – Shin Gyeong-ji (신경지, 申景祉) (1563 - ?)
          • Cousin – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1564 - ?)
          • Cousin – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1567 - ?)
      • Uncle – Shin Geub (신급, 申礏) (1543 - ?)
        • Aunt - Lady Yun (윤씨) (1545 - ?)
          • Cousin - Shin Gyeong-gi (신경기, 申景祺) (1575 - 1635)
          • Cousin - Shin Gyeong-jeok (신경적, 申景滴) (1587 - 1668)
          • Cousin – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1589 - ?)
          • Cousin – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1591 - ?)
      • Uncle – Shin Rib (신립, 申砬) (16 November 1546 – 7 June 1592)
        • Aunt – Lady Yi (이씨) (1546 - ?)
        • Aunt – Lady Choi of the Jeonju Choi clan (전주 최씨, 全州 崔氏) (1547 - ?)
          • Cousin – Princess Consort Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (군부인 평산 신씨, 郡夫人 平山申氏) (1574 – 1622)[15][16]
          • Cousin – Shin Gyeong-jin (신경진, 申景禛) (1575 - 1643)
          • Cousin – Shin Gyeong-yu (신경유, 申景裕) (1581 - 1633)
          • Cousin – Shin Gyeong-in (신경인, 申景禋) (1590 - 1643)
          • Cousin – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1590 - ?)
      • Uncle – Shin Hal (신할, 申硈) (1548 - ?)
        • Aunt - Lady Kim of the Yeonan Kim clan (연안 김씨) (1554 - ?)
          • Cousin - Shin Gyeong-hwi (신경휘, 申景徽) (1579 - 1646)
          • Cousin - Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1581 - ?)
        • Aunt - Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1550 - 1620)
      • Uncle - Ahn Gyeong-ryeom (안경렴, 安景濂) of the Juksan Ahn clan (29 January 1551 - 12 December 1620)
          • Cousin - Ahn Dae-nam (안대남, 安大楠) (11 July 1572 - 16 May 1623)
          • Cousin - Ahn Dae-gi (안대기, 安大杞) (2 October 1573 - 5 November 1650)
      • Aunt - Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1552 - ?)
        • Uncle - Ryu Yak (류약, 柳㵸) of the Munhwa Ryu clan (1550 - ?)
  • Siblings
    • Older brother – Gu Seong (구성, 具宬) (1558 – 1618)
      • Sister-in-law – Lady Jeong (정씨, 鄭氏) (1559 - 1591)
        • Nephew – Gu In-gi (구인기, 具仁基) (1576 - 1643)
        • Nephew – Gu In-hu, Internal Prince Neungcheon (구인후 능천부원군, 具仁垕 綾川府院君) (1578 - 1658); became the adoptive son of Gu Hoeing
          • Niece-in-law - Lady Hwang of the Changwon Hwang clan (창원 황씨) (1580 - 1605); daughter of Hwang Chan (부사 황찬, 黃璨)
            • Adoptive Grandniece - Gu Yu-gil (구유길, 具柔吉), Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏) (1604 - 1679)
              • Adoptive Grandnephew - Han Jin-won (감역 한진원, 韓振遠) of the Cheongju Han clan (1602 - ?)
          • Niece-in-law - Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (1585 - 1618); daughter of Yi Yeong-hang Lord Chungui (충의위 이영항, 李永恒; 1555 - ?)
            • Grandnephew - Gu Oh (구오, 具鏊) (1607 - 1648)
          • Unnamed niece-in-law (1590 - ?)
            • Grandnephew - Gu Heum (구흠, 具欽) (1623 - ?)
            • Grandnephew - Gu Hoeng (구횡, 具鐄) (1628 - 1674)[17]
          • Niece-in-law - Lady Park of the Hamyang Park clan (함양 박씨) (1603 - 1672); daughter of Park Yu-il (증 승지 박유일, 朴由一; 1573 - ?)
        • Nephew – Gu In-hak (구인학, 具仁壆) (1591 - 167)
        • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
          • Nephew-in-law - Yi Ho, Prince Punghae (풍해군 이호)
        • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
          • Nephew-in-law - Yu Chung-geol (유충걸, 柳忠傑)
      • Sister-in-law - Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (1572 - 1629)
        • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏) (1594 - 1637)
          • Nephew-in-law - Park Rin (박린, 朴潾) (1594 - 1665)
    • Older brother – Gu Hwing (구횡, 具宖) (1562 - 1636)
      • Sister-in-law - Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1561 - 1648)
        • Niece - Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏) (1551 - 1640)
        • Adoptive nephew - Gu In-hu, Internal Prince Neungcheon (구인후 능천부원군, 具仁垕 綾川府院君) (1578 - 1658)
    • Older sister – Gu Gyeong-wan (구경완, 具敬婉), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (1563 - 1620)[18]
      • Brother-in-law – Sim Eom (심엄, 沈㤿) (1563 - 1624); became the adoptive son of Sim Ui-gyeom[19][20]
        • Nephew - Sim Gwang-se (심광세, 沈光世) (1577 - 1624)[21]
        • Nephew - Sim Jeong-se (심정세, 沈挺世) (1579 - 1613)
          • Niece-in-law - Lady Kim of the Yeonan Kim clan (1581 - 1604); Queen Inmok’s older sister
        • Niece – Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏) (1585 - 1658)
          • Nephew-in-law - Yi Sik (이식, 李植) of the Deoksu Yi clan (1584 - 1647)
        • Nephew - Sim Myeong-se (심명세, 沈命世) (1587 - 1632)
        • Nephew - Sim Jang-se (심장세, 沈長世) (1594 - 1660)
        • Nephew - Sim Ahn-se (심안세, 沈安世) (1598 - 1676)
        • Nephew - Sim Pil-se (심필세, 沈弼世) (1599 - ?)
        • Nephew - Sim Hui-se (심희세, 沈凞世) (1601 - 1669); became the adoptive son of Sim Yeol
        • Niece – Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏) (1603 - ?)
          • Nephew-in-law - Yun Jun (유준)
        • Niece – Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏) (1605 - ?)
          • Nephew-in-law - Seong Yeo-yong (성여용)
        • Niece – Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏) (1609 - ?)
          • Nephew-in-law - Yi Seung-hyeong (이승형)
    • Older sister – Gu Hyo-wan (구효완, 具孝婉), Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏) (1567 - ?)
      • Brother-in-law – Hong Hui (홍희, 洪憙) of the Namyang Hong clan
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Niece – Lady Hong
    • Older sister – Gu Jeong-wan (구정완, 具靜婉), Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏) (1568 - ?)
      • Brother-in-law – Gwon Yu-nam (권유남, 權裕男)
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Niece – Lady Gwon
    • Older brother – Gu Yong (구용, 具容) (1569 – 1601)
      • Sister-in-law - Lady Ahn of the Juksan Ahn clan (죽산 안씨) (1575 - ?); daughter of Ahn Gyeong-sa (찰방 안경사, 安景泗)
        • Nephew – Gu In-jong (구인중, 具仁重) (1597 - 1628)
        • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
          • Nephew-in-law - Kim Shin (김신, 金愼)
    • Older brother - Gu Hong (구홍, 具宖) (1569 - 1601)
      • Sister-in-law - Shin Hye-jeong (신혜정, 申惠貞), Lady Shin of the Goryeong Shin clan (고령 신씨, 高靈 申氏) (1561 - ?); daughter of Shin Sa-jeong (신사정, 申士楨)[22]
    • Older sister – Gu Jang-wan (구장완, 具莊婉), Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏) (1571 - ?)
      • Brother-in-law – Kim Deok-mang (김덕망, 金德望)
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Niece – Lady Kim
        • Niece – Lady Kim
        • Niece – Lady Kim
        • Niece – Lady Kim
        • Niece – Lady Kim
    • Older brother – Gu Gwing (구굉, 具宖) (1577 – 1642)
      • Sister-in-law - Lady Jo of the Sunchang Jo clan (순창 조씨) (1576 - 1636); daughter of Jo Jeong (조정, 趙玎)
        • Nephew – Gu In-gi (구인기, 具仁墍) (1597 – 1676)
        • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏) (1599 - 1679)
          • Nephew-in-law - Yu Gu (유구, 柳䪷) (1597 - 1679)
        • Nephew - Gu In-heon (구인전) (1609 - ?)
        • Nephew - Gu In-seo (구인서) (1613 - ?)
        • Nephew - Gu In-ja (구인자) (1616 - ?)
        • Nephew - Gu In-ri (구인리) (1619 - ?)
    • Younger sister – Gu Shin-wan (구신완, 具愼婉), Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏) (1589 - ?); Ryu Chung-geol’s first wife
      • Brother-in-law – Ryu Chung-geol (류충걸, 柳忠傑) of the Jinju Ryu clan (28 November 1588 - 9 April 1665)
        • Nephew - Ryu Hwan-yeon (류환연) (1610 - 1661)
  • Husband

Issue(s):

  • Son – Yi Jong, King Injo (이종 조선 인조) (7 December 1595 - 17 June 1649)
  • Son – Yi Bo, Grand Prince Neungwon (이보 능원대군, 李俌 綾原大君) (15 May 1598 – 26 January 1656)
    • Daughter-in-law – Princess Consort Munhwa of the Munhwa Yu clan (문화부부인 문화 유씨) (27 October 1598 – 3 August 1676)[24] [25]
      • six grandchildren
    • Daughter-in-law – Princess Consort Kim of the Yeongam Kim clan (부부인 영암 김씨) (1610 – 25 January 1696)
      • five grandchildren
  • Son – Yi Jeon, Grand Prince Neungchang (이전 능창대군, 李佺 綾昌大君) (16 July 1599 – 17 November 1615)
    • Unnamed daughter-in-law (1597 - ?)
      • Granddaughter – Princess Yi Yeong-eon (이영온, 李英溫) (1614 - ?)
    • Daughter-in-law – Princess Consort Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (부부인 능성 구씨) (1598 - ?)
      • Adoptive grandson – Yi Yo, Grand Prince Inpyeong (인평대군 요) (1622 - 1658); 3rd son of King Injo


See also

References

  1. In Lunar calendar, the Queen was born on the 17th April 1578 and died on the 14th January 1626
  2. Lit. translates to "Gyewoon Palace".
  3. "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr.
  4. "장릉 이야기". royaltombs.cha.go.kr.
  5. A granddaughter of King Sejong thru her father Grand Prince Yeongeung and a maternal cousin of Queen Jeongsun
  6. Her 4th son, Gu Mun-gyeong (구문경, 具文璟), married Princess Hwishin (24 October 1491 - ?) (a daughter of King Yeonsangun and Queen Shin)
  7. Through her 5th son, Gu Shin-gyeong (구신경, 具信璟) and his wife, Lady Lee of the Goseong Lee clan (고성 이씨, 固城 李氏) — her grandson, Gu Han (구한, 具澣) (1524 - 1558) married Princess Sukjeong (1525 - 1564) (a daughter of King Jungjong and Royal Consort Suk-ui Kim)
  8. She is a paternal younger cousin of Queen Dangyeong, and a maternal cousin of Princess Hwishin. Her paternal aunt and uncle is Queen Shin and King Yeonsangun
  9. She was the daughter of Lady Kang of the Jinju Kang clan and granddaughter of Kang Hong-rip’s 4th great-grandfather. Making Lady Shin a second cousin thrice removed of Kang Hong-rip.
  10. Daughter of Yi Jing-won, Prince Uishin and granddaughter of Grand Prince Hyoryeong
  11. Jungjong of Joseon and Queen Munjeong's second daughter
  12. The 5th great-granddaughter of King Sejong and Royal Noble Consort Shin of the Cheongju Kim clan
  13. His mother, Lady Yi, is the daughter of Prince Burim (부림군). The Prince was the son of Yi Jeung, Prince Gyeyang (계양군 이증) who was the son of King Sejong
  14. King Sejong —> Prince Gyeyang —> Prince Burim —> Lady Yi —> Shin Hwa-guk —> Shin Ji-hyang
  15. The wife of Yi Hu, Prince Shinseong (신성군 이후; 6 January 1579 - 8 December 1592) (the second son of King Seonjo and Royal Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan). They had 3 children (2 adoptive sons, 1 daughter). One of their adoptive sons was Yi Jeon, Prince Neungchang (능창대군 이전) (the 3rd son of King Wonjong and Queen Inheon)
  16. The Princess consort is also a sister-in-law to Queen Inheon
  17. Married a daughter of Choi Myeong-gil
  18. It is said that Queen Inheon and her sisters have “Wan” (▨완, ▨婉) as their second syllable, but historians have yet to find the first syllable of the Queen’s name
  19. He was the nephew of Queen Insun and Sim Ui-gyeom through their brother, Sim In-gyeom (심인겸, 沈仁謙) (1533 - 1580)
  20. His younger sister, Sim Suk-shin (심숙신, 沈淑愼) (1574 - 1648), became the daughter-in-law of Yun Du-su and the mother-in-law of Princess Jeongsuk’s (daughter of King Seonjo) son, Shin Myeon.
  21. Eventually became the 7th great-grandfather to Empress Myeongseong through his 4th great-grandson, Sim Jung-hyeon.
  22. The eldest granddaughter of Princess Gyeonghyeon (경현공주) and Shin Ui, and great-granddaughter of King Seongjong and Queen Munjeong.
  23. Is also posthumously called as Lady Jeogyeong (저경궁, 儲慶宮) or Lady Gyeonghye (경혜, 敬惠)
  24. She was a first cousin of Queen Yu
  25. Yu Hyo-rib's daughter
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