Deposed Queen Shin
폐비 신씨
Queen consort of Joseon
Tenure29 December 1494 – 2 September 1506
PredecessorQueen Jeonghyeon
SuccessorQueen Dangyeong
Crown Princess of Joseon
Tenure26 January 1488 – 29 December 1494
PredecessorCrown Princess Han
SuccessorCrown Princess Park
Born15 December 1476
Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Died16 May 1537 (1537-05-17) (aged 60)
Jeotaek, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Yeonsangunmyo
SpouseYeonsangun of Joseon (m. 1488–1506)
Issue
  • Yi Su-eok, Princess Hwisin
  • Unnamed daughter
  • Unnamed son
  • Princess Yi Bok-eok
  • Deposed Crown Prince Yi Hwang
  • Yi Seong, Grand Prince Changnyeong
  • Grand Prince Yi In-su
  • Grand Prince Yi Chong-su
  • Grand Prince Yi Yeong-su
Posthumous name
  • 연산군부인; 燕山君夫人
  • 거창군부인; 居昌郡夫人
  • 제인원덕왕비; 齊仁元德王妃
HouseGeochang Shin
FatherShin Seung-seon
MotherPrincess Jungmo

Queen Jeinwondeok (제인원덕왕비, 齊仁元德王妃; 15 December 1476 – 16 May 1537[1]), of the Geochang Shin clan, was the wife and queen consort of Yi Yung, King Yeonsan, the 10th Joseon monarch. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1494 until her husband's deposition in 1506, after which she was known as Deposed Queen Shin (폐비 신씨). She did not receive a further royal title posthumously.

Biography

Early life

Lady Shin was born into the Geochang Shin clan on 15 December 1476 to Shin Seung-seon and Princess Jungmo. Her mother was the daughter of King Sejong's fourth son, Grand Prince Imyeong. The grand prince was the younger brother of Prince Gwangpyeong, who served as Yeonguijeong during the reign of King Sejo. These two are uncles of Lady Sin. Accordingly Lady Shin was 7th cousins (first cousin twice removed) to her future husband.

As Lady Shin and her siblings came from a prestigious family, they had overlapping lineages and marriages with the royal family. She was the aunt of Queen Dangyeong, the first wife of King Jungjong, and was also the aunt of Nam Chi-won, husband of Princess Gyeongsun, the 5th daughter of King Seongjong.

Her older brother, Shin Su-geun, also married a first cousin of Queen Insu, as well as her third older brother, Shin Su-yeong, who married Queen Ansun’s younger sister.

Marriage

In March 1487 (18th year of King Seongjong) it was arranged that Lady Shin would marry the Crown Prince. On 26 January 1488 (19th year of King Seongjong) the marriage ceremony was held at Injeong Hall in Changdeok Palace. Lady Shin became the Crown Princess of Joseon.

Lady Shin was granted the titles of Princess Consort Yeonsan (연산군부인, 燕山君夫人) and Princess Consort Geochang (거창군부인, 居昌郡夫人).

Life as princess consort

According to the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Shin was peaceful, respectful, gentle, virtuous and discreet.

In 1491 (22nd year of King Seongjong) Princess Hwisin was born. In 1493 (24th year of King Seongjong) the princess consort participated in Chinjamrye that was hosted by Queen Jeonghyeon.

In 1494 (25th year of King Seongjong) the princess consort gave birth to a son who died a month later. In December of the same year, King Seongjong passed away and Prince Yeonsangun took the throne. The princess consort became the queen consort.

Life as queen consort

In 1497 (3rd year of Yeonsangun’s reign) under the supervision of the queen consort, approximately 160 citizens were invited to perform at the Seonjeon Hall in Changdeok Palace. In December of the same year, the queen consort gave birth to Crown Prince Hwang. In 1498, 1500, and 1503, Queen Shin gave special care to the elderly by offering to pay for their funerals.

In 1499, the Queen’s 13-year-old niece, Lady Shin, married Grand Prince Jinseong, who was the son of King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon. This niece in time became princess consort (later Queen Dangyeong).

In 1502 (8th year of Yeonsangun’s reign) the Queen’s father, Shin Seung-seon, died. The queen consort about to give birth. King Yeonsangun prevented his wife from attending her father’s funeral as he wanted her birth to auspicious.

In 1504 (10th year of Yeonsangun’s reign) King Yeonsangun ordered a purge following the death of his mother, Queen Jeheon. He executed the ministers and members of the royal family that were involved in her death. It was said that the King went to the quarters of his step-mother Queen Dowager Jasun and held her at sword point. He thereupon ordered the Queen Dowager to come out of her living quarters, but the queen consort intervened to protect her mother-in-law from her step-son.

A few days after this, the king organized another Chinjamrye. Geochang, the hometown of the queen, was promoted to a county during the reign of King Yeonsangun but was later relegated to Geochang-hyeon.[2]

In 1505, Queen Shin was honoured with the title Queen Jeinwondeok.[3]

Later life

When the Jungjong coup happened in 1506, King Yeonsan was demoted to a prince and sent into exile on Ganghwa Island.[4] This led Queen Shin to lose her status as queen consort and she became known simply as a princess consort. Her sons were sentenced to death by poisoning immediately following the coup. The new king, Jungjong, was reluctant to enforce such punishment from court officials.[5]

After she was deposed, Jungjong treated Queen Shin generously. Her servants did not leave her because of her good character.

Before dying that same year, the former king stated “I miss my wife, Lady Shin” (아내 신씨가 보고 싶다) on his deathbed.

In the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, it is said that Yeonsan cared for Lady Shin, or that he took care of her and her relatives. There are records that there were many children of the two of them. On the day of his sudden death, Lady Shin was the only person who was able to stop Yeonsangun from running amok, and Yeonsangun turned around without harming her.

In 1512 (7th year of King Jungjong’s reign) Queen Shin suggested that the tomb of her husband, Yeonsangun, be moved to Haechon, Yangju. This was permitted by King Jungjong.

In 1521, when the house of her family collapsed to due to heavy rain, King Jungjong gifted her the house of Ahn Cheo-gyeom (안처겸, 安處謙).

The deposed Queen Shin outlived her husband by 31 years and died at the age of 60 on 16 May 1537. She is interred beside Yeonsan's. Her tombstone states her name as Princess Consort Geochang of the Geochang Shin clan (거창군부인 신씨).

Gu Eom (son of Queen Shin's only daughter Princess Hwisin) held the ancestral rites for Queen Shin and King Yeonsangun. After Gu died, his adoptive grandson, Yi Ahn-nul (이안눌, 李安訥), inherited the position.

Family

Parents

  • Father: Shin Seung-seon (신승선, 愼承善) (1436 –1502)[6]
    • Grandfather: Shin Jeon (신전, 愼詮) (1395 - 1469)
      • Great-grandfather: Shin Yi-chung (신이충, 愼以衷) (1360 - ?)
      • Great-grandmother: Lady Seol of the Wolseong Seol clan (월성 설씨 月城 薛氏) (1364 - ?); daughter of Seol Hoe (설회; 1334 - ?)
    • Grandmother: Lady Ahn of the Sunheung Ahn clan (증 정경부인 순흥 안씨, 贈 貞敬夫人 順興 安氏) (1415 - ?); youngest daughter of Ahn Geum-kang (안금강, 安金剛; 1379 - ?)
  • Mother: Princess Jungmo, Internal Princess Consort Heungan of the Jeonju Yi clan (정경부인 중모현주 증 흥안부부인 전주 이씨, 貞敬夫人 中牟縣主 贈 興安府夫人 全州 李氏) (1435 – ?)
    • Grandfather: Yi Gu, Grand Prince Imyeong (6 January 1420 – 21 January 1469) (이구 임영대군)[7]
    • Grandmother: Grand Princess Consort Jean of the Jeonju Choe clan (제안부부인 전주 최씨) (1420 - ?)
      • Aunt: Princess Cheongha (1448 – ?)
      • Uncle: Ahn Woo-geon (안우건) (1445 - 1495)
        • Adoptive cousin: Ahn Hwan (안환, 安煥) (1466 – ?)

Sibling(s)

  • Older brother: Shin Su-geun (신수근, 愼守勤) (1450–1506)
    • Sister-in-law: Internal Princess Consort Yeongga of the Andong Gwon clan (영가부부인 안동 권씨) (1448 - ?)[8][9]
    • Sister-in-law: Han Eun-gwang, Internal Princess Consort Cheongwon of the Cheongju Han clan (청원부부인 청주 한씨 한은광) (1447 – 1523)[10][11]
      • Niece: Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨, 居昌 慎氏) (1483 - ?)
      • Nephew: Shin Hong-bo (신홍보) (1483 - ?)
      • Nephew: Shin Hong-pil (신홍필) (1484 – 1541)
      • Nephew: Shin Hong-du (신홍두) (1486 - ?)
      • Niece: Queen Dangyeong (단경왕후, 端敬王后) (7 February 1487 – 27 December 1557)
      • Nephew: Shin Hong-woo (신홍우) (1489 - ?)
      • Nephew: Shin Hong-jo (신홍조, 愼弘祚) (1490 – 1561)
        • Niece-in-law: Lady Im of the Pungcheon Im clan (풍천 임씨) (1490 - ?)[12][13]
          • Grandnephew: Shin Sa-heon or Shin Chung-heon (신사헌/충헌, 愼思獻/忠獻) (1520 – ?)
  • Older brother: Shin Su-gyeom (신수겸, 愼守謙) (1454 – 1503)
    • Sister-in-law: Lady Kang of the Jinsan Kang clan (정부인 진산 강씨, 貞夫人 晋山 姜氏) (1455 – ?)[14]
      • Nephew: Shin Hong-jwa (신홍좌) (1479 - ?)
      • Niece: Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨, 居昌 慎氏) (1490 - 1520)
    • Sister-in-law: Lady Jeon of the Damyang Jeon clan (정부인 담양 전씨, 貞夫人 潭陽 田氏)
  • Older brother: Shin Su-yeong (신수영, 愼守英) (1457 – 2 September 1506)
    • Sister-in-law: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (정부인 청주 한씨, 貞夫人 淸州 韓氏) (1459 – ?)[19]
      • Nephew: Shin Hong-je (신홍제, 愼弘濟) (1494 - ?)
      • Nephew: Shin Hong-yu (신홍유, 愼弘猷) (1496 - ?)
        • Grandniece: Princess Consort Ikchang of the Geochang Shin clan (익창군부인 거창 신씨) (1514 - 1567)
          • Grandnephew-in-law: Yi Gi, Prince Haean (해안군) (19 July 1511 - 9 September 1573)[20]
            • Great-Grandniece - Yi Ye-yeong (이예영, 李禮英) (1535 - ?)
  • Older sister: Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨, 居昌 慎氏) (1466 – ?)
  • Older sister: Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨, 居昌 慎氏) (1467 – ?)
    • Brother-in-law: Nam Gyeong (남경, 南憬) (1467 – ?)
      • Nephew: Nam Chi-won (남치원, 南致元) (1482 – ?)
        • Niece-in-law: Yi Ok-hwan, Princess Gyeongsun (이옥환, 李玉環; 경순옹주) (1482 – ?)[22]
          • Grandnephew: Nam Gi (남기, 南沂) (1502–1546)
          • Grandniece: Lady Nam of the Uiryeong Nam clan (의령 남씨, 宜寧 南氏)
  • Older sister: Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨, 居昌 慎氏) (1468 – ?)
    • Brother-in-law: Ahn Hwan (안환, 安煥) (1466 – ?); adoptive son of Princess Cheongha

Consort

Issue

  • Daughter: Yi Su-eok, Princess Hwisin (휘신공주) (24 October 1491 – ?)[23]
    • Son-in-law: Gu Mun-gyeong (구문경, 具文璟), of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨, 綾城 具氏)[24][25]
      • Grandson: Gu Eom (구엄, 具渰) (1512 – ?)
  • Unnamed daughter[26]
  • Unnamed son (1494–1494)[27]
  • Daughter: Princess Yi Bok-eok (공주 이복억, 李福億) (1499 – ?)
  • Son: Deposed Crown Prince Yi Hwang (10 January 1498 – 24 September 1506) (폐왕세자 이황)
  • Unnamed son (1500 – ?)
  • Son: Yi Seong, Grand Prince Changnyeong (18 June 1500 – 10 October 1506) (이성 창녕대군)
  • Son: Grand Prince Yi In-su (대군 이인수, 李仁壽) (1501 – 12 September 1503)
  • Son: Grand Prince Yi Chong-su (대군 이총수, 李聰壽) (1502–1503)
  • Son: Grand Prince Yi Yeong-su (대군 이영수, 李榮壽) (1503–1503)

References

  1. ↑ In lunar calendar, the Queen was born on 29 November 1476 and died on 8 April 1537
  2. ↑ 《중종실록》 1권, 중종 1년(1506년 명 정덕(正德) 1년) 9월 19일 (을미)
  3. ↑ 《조선왕조실록》연산군 11년(1505) 8월 26일 1번째 기사
  4. ↑ Rurarz, Joanna (2009). Historia Korei [History of Korea] (in Polish). Dialog. pp. 234–35. ISBN 978-83-89899-28-6.
  5. ↑ "조선왕조실록".
  6. ↑ His cousin, Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨), became the wife of Queen Soheon’s youngest brother.
  7. ↑ Fourth son of King Sejong and Queen Soheon.
  8. ↑ Daughter of Gwon Ram
  9. ↑ Her elder sister married General Nam Yi
  10. ↑ Her father, Han Chong-in (한충인, 韓忠仁), was a nephew of Han Hwak and an elder cousin of Queen Insu, thus making Lady Han a first cousin-once-removed to Queen Insu.
  11. ↑ The maternal great-granddaughter of Princess Gyeongjeong and Jo Dae-rim, as well as the maternal great-great-granddaughter of Queen Wongyeong and King Taejong.
  12. ↑ Granddaughter of Gu Su-yeong (구수영, 具壽永) and Yi Yeok-cheon, Princess Gilan (길안현주 이억천, 吉安縣主 李億千), who was a cousin of Queen Jeongsun.
  13. ↑ First cousin-twice-removed of Queen Inheon
  14. ↑ Daughter of Gang Ja-pyeong (강자평)
  15. ↑ Lady Shin and Gu Hui-gyeong eventually became the grandparents of Queen Inheon (tmother of King Injo) through their son, Gu Sun (구순, 具淳), and his wife, Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨), the daughter of Prince Uishin.
  16. ↑ Gu Hui-gyeong's mother was Yi Yeok-cheon, Princess Gilan (길안현주 이억천, 吉安縣主 李億千), a cousin of Queen Jeongsun and daughter of Grand Prince Yeongeung.
  17. ↑ Gu Han (구한, 具澣), the son of his younger brother Gu Sin-gyeong (구신경, 具信璟), married Princess Sukjeong (1525–1564), a daughter of King Jungjong and Royal Consort Sug-ui of the Gim clan.
  18. ↑ Another one of his younger brothers, Gu Mun-gyeong, married Princess Hwisin, Queen Shin's eldest daughter.
  19. ↑ Queen Ansun's younger sister
  20. ↑ The only son of King Jungjong with Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Namyang Hong clan
  21. ↑ Son of Yi Jaeng, Prince Hoewon (회원군 이쟁), a great-great-grandson of King Sejong and Queen Soheon through their fifth son, Yi Yeo, Grand Prince Gwangpyeong (2 May 1425 – 7 December 1444).
  22. ↑ Daughter of King Seongjong and Royal Consort Sug-yong of the Cheongsong Shim clan (숙용 심씨) (1465–1515); her mother was a first cousin of Queen Soheon.
  23. ↑ The supposed year of the princess' death is 1524.
  24. ↑ Son of Gu Su-yeong (구수영, 具壽永) (1456–1523)
  25. ↑ Became the paternal great-grandaunt and great-granduncle of Queen Inheon
  26. ↑ Was said to be born in 1492 or 1493.
  27. ↑ Was given the title of Prince Royal (원자, 元子).
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