1-Northern Railway (Ambala-Yamunanagar-Kalka)
11-North Western Railway (Loharu-Hisar-Fatehabad-Sirsa)
13-North Central Railway (Delhi & rest/most of Haryana)
Overview
HeadquartersNew Delhi railway station
Dates of operation14 April 1952 (1952-04-14)–
Technical
Track gaugeMixed
Other
Websitewww.nr.indianrailways.gov.in

The rail network in the state of Haryana in India, is covered by five rail divisions under three rail zones: North Western Railway zone (Bikaner railway division and Jaipur railway division), Northern Railway zone (Delhi railway division and Ambala railway division) and North Central Railway zone (Agra railway division).

The Diamond Quadrilateral High-speed rail network[1] Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor[2] and Western Dedicated Freight Corridor[3] pass through Haryana.

History

Extent of the Indian railway network in 1909

Haryana railway history

19th Century

On 3 March 1859, Allahabad-Kanpur, the first passenger railway line in North India was opened, which falls under Northern Railway zone.[4]

Train tracks passed through Haryana for the first time in 1864, when a broad gauge track from Kolkata to Delhi was laid.[5] In 1866, through trains started running on the East Indian Railway Company's Howrah-Delhi line.[6]

In 1870, the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway completed the 483 km (300 mi) long Amritsar - Ambala - Jagadhri - Saharanpur - Ghaziabad line connecting Multan (now in Pakistan) with Delhi.[7]

Sarai Rohilla railway station was established in 1872 when the metre gauge railway line from Delhi to Jaipur and Ajmer was being laid. It was a small station just outside Delhi as Delhi was confined to walled city then. All the metre gauge trains starting from (and terminating at) Delhi to Rewari, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat passed through this station. The track from Delhi to Sarai Rohilla was double. The single track from Sarai Rohilla to Rewari was doubled up to Rewari, from where single tracks diverged in five directions. Metre gauge track from Delhi to Rewari and further to Ajmer was laid in 1873 by Rajputana State Railway.[5]

In 1884, the Rajputana-Malwa Railway extended the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) wide metre gauge Delhi-Rewari section of Delhi–Fazilka line to Bathinda,[8][9]. When completed, this became the Delhi-Bathinda-Samasatta line, opened by The Southern Punjab Railway Co. in 1897.[10] The line passed through Muktasar and Fazilka tehsils and provided direct connection through Samma Satta (now in Pakistan) to Karachi.[11][12] The Bathinda-Rewari metre gauge line was converted to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) wide 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge in 1994.[13]

The Delhi-Panipat-Ambala-Kalka line was opened in 1891.[14] The 610 mm (2 ft) wide narrow gauge Kalka-Shimla Railway was constructed by Delhi-Panipat-Ambala-Kalka Railway Company and opened for traffic in 1903.[15] In 1905 the line was regauged to 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) wide narrow gauge.

20th Century

In 1900, the Jodhpur–Bikaner line combined with Jodhpur-Hyderabad Railway. Part of this railway is in modern Pakistan, leading to connections with Hyderabad of Sindh Province. In 1901–02, the Jodhpur–Bikaner line was extended to Bathinda to connect it with the metre gauge section of the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway and the meter gauge of North Western Railway Delhi–Fazilka line via Hanumangarh.[16][17] It was subsequently converted to broad gauge.[18]

Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in April 1919 from Palwal railway station on his way to Punjab to take part to the Non-Cooperation Movement meeting. A six-foot statue of Mahatma Gandhi was installed at Palwal station in October 2013.[19][20][21]

In 1926, New Delhi railway station opened, to serve the new imperial capital New Delhi. Prior to the city's foundation in 1911, the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city. The Agra-Delhi railway line cut through what is today called Lutyens' Delhi and the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (now India Gate) and Kingsway (now Rajpath). The railway line was shifted along Yamuna river and opened in 1924 to make way for the new capital. Minto (now Shivaji) and Hardinge (now Tilak) rail bridges came up for this realigned line.

The East Indian Railway Company, which oversaw railways in the region, sanctioned the construction of a single story building and a single platform between Ajmeri Gate and Paharganj in 1926. This was later known as New Delhi Railway station. The government's plans to have the new station built inside the Central Park of Connaught Place was rejected by the Railways as it found the idea impractical.[22]

Work continued after the new station opened, and the New Delhi Capital Works project to construct 4.79 miles (7.71 km) of new lines was completed in 1927-8. The Viceroy and royal retinue entered the city through the new railway station during the inauguration of New Delhi in 1931. New structures were added to the railway station later and the original building served as the parcel office for many years.[23][24]

In 1951, on 5 November the Jodhpur–Bikaner line was merged with the Western Railway.[25] Sometime around or prior to 1991, the construction work for the conversion from metre gauge to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) wide 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge of the Jodhpur–Bikaner line, along with the link to Phulera, were started,[26] and it was already functioning as broad gauge Jodhpur–Merta City–Bikaner–Bathinda line by 2008.[27]

On 14 April 1952, Northern Railway zone was notified as a new railway zone by merging Jodhpur Railway, Bikaner Railway, Eastern Punjab Railway and three divisions of the East Indian Railway north-west of Mughalsarai (Uttar Pradesh).

During 1976-77, the Ghaziabad-Nizamuddin-New Delhi-Delhi track was electrified.[28]

On 1 July 1987, Ambala railway division was created by transferring 639 km tracks from Delhi Division and 348 km from Firozpur Division, and it became completely operational from 15 August 1988. 62% of its tracks lie in Punjab, with the rest in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Chandigarh. The division has 141 stations, including UNESCO World Heritage Kalka Shimla Railway.[29]

Electrification work continued through the 1990s. Sabjimandi-Karnal sector was electrified during 1992-1995.[30] Ambala-Chandigarh sector was electrified during 1998-1999,[31] followed by Chandigarh-Kalka during 1999-2000.[31]

Prior to December 1994, the Delhi-Rewari railway line had double metre gauge tracks. During 1994, one of the tracks was converted to broad gauge as a part of the conversion of Ajmer-Delhi line.[32] Within a few years, both the tracks from Sarai Rohilla to Delhi railway station were converted to broad gauge and all metre gauge trains stopped operating from Delhi station.[33]

21st Century

The North Western Railway zone came into existence on 1 October 2002,[34] followed on 1 April 2003 by the North Central Railway zone.

By September 2006, the second metre gauge track from Sarai Rohilla to Rewari was also converted to broad gauge and all metre gauge trains stopped operating between Rewari and Sarai Rohilla (though the converted track was opened for public use only in October 2007).[33][35] Further broad gauge conversions followed - the Bikaner–Rewari line was converted between 2008 and 2011,[36] and the metre gauge Hisar-Sadulpur section was converted to broad gauge in 2009.[37][38]

In 2010-11 Rail Budget, a 104 km survey for the Panipat-Meerut line was announced. The project implementation was approved in 2017-18 budget with an outlay of INR948 crore.[39]

New lines were built and opened in 2013; the Chandigarh-Sahnewal line (also referred to as Ludhiana-Chandigarh rail link) was inaugurated.[40], the new broad gauge electrified Rewari-Rohtak line was constructed.[41], and the foundation stone for the shifting of Rohtak-Makrauli section of Rohtak- Gohana- Panipat line was laid.[42]

In 2016-17 Rail Budget, a re-survey for the Yamunanagar-Chandigarh line was announced at the cost of INR 25 crore; total expenditure on the project was INR875 crore.[39] The following year, 2017-18, Indian Railway approved Panipat-Jind line and Panipat-Rohtak line electrification for Rs 980 crore and new rail line Panipat-Shamli-Baghpat-Meerut for Rs 2200 crore.

By December 2017, railways for the first time installed 6095 GPS-enabled "Fog Pilot Assistance System" railway signalling devices in four most affected zones, Northern Railway zone, North Central Railway zone, North Eastern Railway zone and North Western Railway zone. This technology ended the old practice of putting firecrackers on train tracks to alert train divers to reduce their speed. With these new GPS devices, train pilots know in advance the precise location of signals, level-crossing gates and other such approaching markers.[43]

Museums

Network

Map and plans

Haryana Space Applications Centre, Hisar (HARSAC) has produced the railway map for Haryana and rail line under implementation are included in the current "pink book" of railway (see "external links"). [44][45][46]

Divisions and workshops

Rail network in Haryana falls under 5 divisions in 3 railway zones, each division has own workshops.

Rail lines

Existing Rail lines
Future projects
Haryana current projects

Undertaken by IR and "Rail Infrastructure Development Company (Haryana) Limited" (H-RIDE, also called Haryana Rail Infrastructure Development Corporation).

  • Announced projects (planned and/or being executed, c. Jan 2018)
    Feasibility study survey was completed for the first 7 projects in 10 months from 1 Jan to 31 Oct 2018.[62]
  • Yamunanagar-Adi Badri-Paonta Sahib-Dehradun line, via Bilaspur, to connect to Chota Char Dham Railway is future proposed and yet unapproved and un-surveyed project
  • Delhi-Sohna-Nuh-Ferozpur Zhirka-Alwar line[62] 104 km link sent to planning commission in 2013[64] MoU was signed in 2015.[65] It is included in 2018 pink book.[66] Additional budget was allocated in 2019-20 union railway budget.[63]
  • Kaithal-Patiala line, survey was announced in 2016-17 budget and completed in January 2019, pending railway board approval for inclusion in the pinkbook as of Jan-2019.[67]
  • Bhiwani-Loharu line via Kairu-Jui[62] MoU was signed in 2015 and H-RIDE will undertake Bhiwani-Loharu section to connect it to the existing Loharu-Pilani-Jhunjhunu railway link.[68] Additional budget was allocated in 2019-20 union railway budget.[63] Note, Jaipur-Reengas-Churu line was surveyed in 2015-2016.[68]
  • Narwana-Hisar line, 65 km, survey commenced in 2018,[69] direct and shortest route via Narnaund[62]
  • Ukalana-Narwana line 29 km, previously announced connection for direct connectivity to Kurukshetra and Chandigarh[70]
  • Hansi-Jind line 45 km via Narnaund, previously announced complementary connection[70] Additional budget was allocated for Jind-Hisar line in 2019-20 union railway budget.[63]
  • Farrukhnagar-Jhajjar-Charkhi Dadri line, 72 km,[62] Bijwasan-Jhajjar-Charki Dadri was surveyed in 2010,[65] and next stage survey commenced in 2018,[69] Survey was conducted in 2015.[71] Additional budget was allocated in 2019-20 union railway budget.[63] Extend this along new Charkhi Dadri-Jui-Kairu-Isharwal-Jhunpa route.
  • Jhajjar-Palwal line 95 km including Jhajjar-Farukh Nagar new 30 km link and Patli-Sohna-Manesar-Asaoti(Palwal) new 60 km link along Western Peripheral Expressway was approved by the Haryana government in December 2018 and approval from the railway board is expected shortly.[72] Extend it further to Noida International Airport, Jewar.
  • Note: Hisar-Rajgarh link exists. Survey for Rajgarh-Taranagar-Sardarshar line and Sardarshar-Bhadra-Sirsa line were survey completed in 2015-16[68] km [68]
  • Hisar Airport rail line: Existing Hisar-Jakhal line will be extended to Hisar airport as integrated transport hub, DPR will be ready soon (dec 2018 update.[73]
  • Chandigarh(Kalka)-Baddi line, 23.33 km route included in 2018 NR pink book.[66] preliminary engineering-cum-traffic surveyed in 2010[74] LOA signed, state released 175 crore, 22 hectares land acquisition in progress (c. Nov 2017).[75] IMT and fruit logistics hub at former HMT site in Pinjore.
  • Announced projects (planned and/or being executed, c. Feb 2015)
  • Karnal-Yamuna Nagar Railway line,[65]
  • Panipat-Meerut line, 104 km part of RORC and survey completed and included in 2018 NR pink book.[66]
  • Kaithal-Karnal Line
  • Chandigarh-Adi Badri-Paonta Sahib line, surveyed completed in 2012, to expedite better to route it from a fork on Bilaspur (under-survey Yamunanagar-Chandgarh line) to Khizrabad to Paonta Sahib.
  • Jakhal-Ratia-Fatehabad Railway line,[65]
  • Fatehabad-Mansa-Bhatinda Railway line,[65]
  • Hisar-Sirsa via Agroha Fatehabad Railway line[65] 93 km link sent to planning commission in 2013,[64] Survey completed and already included in 2018 pink book.[66] INR 40 lakh budget was allocated in 2019-20 union railway budget for the final detailed survey.[76] A logistic hub rail sliding next to Hisar Aviation & Cargo Hub.
  • Sirsa-Ellanabad line announced in 2013 for military purpose.
  • Rewari-Palwal via Bhiwadi Railway line,[65] See below as part of NCR Regional Orbital Rail Corridor (RORC) and survey completed Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Also see the proposed RORC Palwal-Khurja line.
  • Alwar-Narnaul-Mahendragarh-Charkhi Dadri line announced in 2014 by UPA govt but the suevry has no commenced until now.[77]
  • Sirsa-Ellenabad-Suratgarh line
  • Previously surveyed (2010)[74]
  • Kaithal-Pundri-Karnal line, 92 km surveyed in 2010[74]
  • Patiala-Samana-Jakhal-Narwana line, 93 km surveyed in 2010[74]
  • Bahadurgarh-Jhajjar line, 40 km surveyed in 2010[74]
  • Yamunanagar-Kurukshetra-Patiala line, 174 km surveyed in 2010[74]
  • Rajgarh-Taranagar-Sardarshar line survey completed in 2015-16[68] as well as 100 km Sardarshar-Bhadra-Sirsa line,[68] Sardarshar-Loonkaransar survey (to connect to mahajan firing range and Bikaner) was completed in 2014,[78] Hisar-Rajgarh and Jaipur-Reengas-Churu lines already exist.[68]
Under consideration projects

Under consideration for future inclusion, not yet approved, not yet surveyed

  • Bilaspur-Paonta Sahib line (to connect proposed Chandigan-Yamunanagr line to Paonta Sahib), to connect to Chota Char Dham Railway
  • Jhumpa Khurd-Bahal-Loharu line, short distance, this missing link will complete railway across western Haryana from Sirsa to Narnaul
  • Jhumpa-Bhiwani line
  • Narnaul-Charki Dadri-Meham line, NE-SW diagonal across Haryana
  • Bhadra-Adampur-Fatehabad-Budhlada line to connect with already surveyed Sardarshahar-Sirsa line,
  • Hisar-Kanwari-Tosham-Kairu-Jui-Mahendragarh line, as western Haryana link
  • Charkhi Dadri-Jhumpa Khurd line
  • Charkhi Dadri-Loharu line
  • Yamunanagar-Indri-Karnal line,
  • Fatehabad-Uklana line (to connect with proposed Uklana-Narwana line), for direct link across north Haryana from Sirsa to Chandigarh
  • Jind-Barwala-Agroha-Adampur line,
  • Karnal-Jind-Hansi-Kanwari-Tosham-Jhumpa line, note that Kaithal-Pundri-Karnal line (also needs further new link to Patra-Sangrur-Barnala-Faridkot) was surveyed in 2010[74]
  • Karnal-Deoband line, Mujaffarnagar-Deoband-Roorkee line is under construction which will connect Haryana to Haridwar
  • Mujaffarnagar-Shamli-Panipat line, Mujaffarnagar-Deoband-Roorkee line is under construction which will connect Haryana to Haridwar
  • Meerut-Sonipat line
  • Hisar-Anupgarh line via Balsamand-Bhadra-Nohar-Ryanwali-Anupgarh route
  • Bawanikhera-Mahajan line via Gohana-Meham-Bawanikhera-Kanwari-Tosham-Siwani-Sahwa-Pallu-Mahajan-Anupgarh route
  • Mandkola-Dhaulpur line via Mandkola-Hathin-Uttawar-Punhana-Barsana-Govardhan-Deeg-Bharatpur-Dhaulpur route from where it connects to existing Delhi-Dhaulpur-Gwalior-Nagpur route, also provides alternate route to Agra and Mathura.[79]
Under construction projects

Pink book projects under construction as per live map in the citation:[80]

  • Hisar-Hansi-Rohtak line, Rohtak-Meham under construction with all land in possession of IR and will be completed by June 2019, and Hansi-Hisar tender planning was underway in Nov 2017.[75]
  • Palwal-Firozepure Jhirka-Alwar line, via Palwal-Mandkola-Nuh-Bhadas-Firozepure Jhirka-Ootwar-Alwar, as per pink book.[80]
NCR projects
  • Panipat-Rohtak line, via Panipat-Gohana-Rohtak, exists.
  • Rohtak-Rewari line, via Rohtak-Jhajjar-Rewari, exists.
  • Rewari-Khurja line, via Rewari-Bhiwadi-Nuh-Palwal-Khurja, new rail line, survey completed Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Nuh-Palwal section is also part of the separate Palwal-Nuh-Ferrozepur Jhirka-Alwar line already under construction as per the pink book.
  • Khurja-Meerut line, via Khurja-Bulandshahr-Hapur-Meerut, existing.
  • Meerut-Panipat line, new rail line, survey completed. It will cost INR2,200 crore.[81] The construction will commence in year 2019.


  • Hisar as CMG links
  • Hisar-Patiala rail link: exists (a) Ukalana-Narwana link and Kaithal-CheekaGuhla-Samana link in Haryana or (b) Jakhal/Moonak-Patra-Samana link in Punjab as an alternate route
  • Hisar-Karnal-Ambala rail link: Missing links are (a) Uklana-Narwana link and Kaithal-Pundri-Karnal link (b) Hansi-Jind link (under survey) and (c) Jind-Karnal link
  • Hisar-Gwaliar rail link: exists except Bhopal-Beora-Ramganj-Jhalawar link which is being implementation and tenders were issued in 2014[82][83]
  • Hisar-Jaipur-Kota-Bhopal rail link: exists except Bhopal-Beora-Ramganj-Jhalawar link which is being implementation and tenders were issued in 2014[82][83]


  • Karnal and Ambala as CMG links (includes Patiala as CMG links)
  • Karnal-Dehradun rail link: Karnal-Yamunanagar missing links is under survey
  • Karnal-Bareilly rail link: Under survey Karnal-Yamunanagar links willprovide indirect route, the direct link Karnal-Shamli-Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor-Shahspur is missing, needs approval and will be of strategic importance to Rajasthan-Pithoragarh (Pakistan to China border) army movement, it will also directly connect Mahabharta religious city of Kurukshetra with the Char Dham rail network
  • Karnal-Jaipur rail link: exists via Rohtak-Rewari-Alwar
  • Karnal-Kota rail link: exists via Jaipur except the under construction rail link from Jhalawar to Bhopal (see Hisar Kota link link)


  • Gwaliar as CMG links (oncludes Bareilly and Kanpur as CMG)
  • All exist. There are existing Gwaliar-Jhansi-Kanpur line, Gwaliar-Agra-Breilly line and Kanpur-Unnao-Bareilly line.
Other future projects of interest

This is live rail map in citation.[84]

Himachal Pradesh
  • New rail links in Himachal Pradesh
    • Nangal Dam-Talwara line, 83.74 km route included in 2018 pink book.[66]
    • Banopli-Bilaspur-Beri line, 63.1 km route included in 2018 pink book.[66]
      • Chadigarh(Kalka)-Baddi line, 33.23 km route included in 2018 pink book,[66] under construction.
    • Una-Hamirpur line, 50 km route included in 2018 pink book.[66]
  • New rail links from Himchal Pradesh to J&K
  • New rail links from Himachal Pradesh to Uttrakhand
Punjab
  • New rail links in Punjab near Haryana Border
    • Abohar-Fazilka line, 42.717 km route included in 2018 pink book.[66]
    • Chandigarh-Ludhiana line, 112 km route included in 2018 pink book.[66]
  • New rail links from Punjab to Himachal Pradesh
  • New rail links to J&K
  • New rail links from Punjab to Pakistan
Rajasthan
  • Bhatinda-Dabwali-Hanumangarh-Pilibangan-Suratgarh line is operational[85] and electrification work commenced in 2018-19 at the cost of INR350 crore.[86]
  • New rail links in Rajasthan near Haryana Border
    • Sardarshahar
      • Lunkaransar-Sardarshar-Taranagar-Sadulpur (Rajgarh) link
        • Sardarshar-Lunkaransar line (82 km) survey was announced in 2013 to connect existing end points for strategic military requirements.[87] In 2015 budget, additional INR9 lakh allocated for survey work by Railway minister.[88]
        • Sardarshar-Taranagar-Sadulpur (Rajgarh) line (100 km) survey was announced in 2015 to connect existing end points.[88]
      • Sardarshahar-Nohar-Sirsa line via Jingana-GudianaKhera-Arniawali-Bajekan (94 km) survey was announced in 2013 and cost estimates were prepared.[89] In 2015 budget, additional INR14 lakh allocated for survey work by Railway minister.[88]
      • Sardarshahar-Suratgarh-Gajsinghpur line (115 km) survey was announced in 2015.[90][88]
    • Gajsinghpur (Pak border)-Padampur-Goluwala-Pilibanga-Rawatsar-Sahawa-Taranagar-Daderwa-Sadulpur(Rajgarh) line survey was announced in 2013 to connect existing end points for strategic military requirements[87] In 2015 budget, additional INR44 lakh allocated for survey work by Railway minister.[88]
    • NeemKaThana(on Delhi-Rewari-Jaipur line)-Sikar-Salasar-Sujangarh line (150 km) survey was announced in 2013,[91]
    • Alwar-Behror-Narnaul-Charkhi Dadri line survey was announced in 2013 was pending approval for the financial vetting in 2015.[92] No budget was allocated in 2015. Should be extended to Nokha-Phalodi (to Bikaner).
    • Dausa-Gangapur line, 92.67 km route is included in 2018 NCR pink book.[93] Will provide direct Delhi-Faridabad-Alwar-Dausa-Kota-Gwalior access by bypassing aipur on its west.
    • Ratlam-Banswara-Dungarpur line, 176.47 km route is included in 2018 NCR pink book.[93]
    • Gauge conversion (all gauge conversion across India will be completed by March 2022)
  • New rail links from Rajasthan to Madhya Pradesh
    • Jhalawar-Biaora-Bhopal line tender was issued in 2014 for construction.[94]
    • Gauge conversion (all gauge conversion across India will be completed by March 2022)
      • Jaipur-Bhopal existing link: Gwaliar-Sheopur-Kota line gauge conversion of 284 km route is included in 2018 NCR pink book.[95]
      • Agra-Kota-Ujjain-Khandwa-Akola-Washim existing link: Gangapur, Sawai Madhopur Dhaulpur-Sirmuttra-Gangapur line gauge conversion of 144.6 km route is included in 2018 NCR pink book.[95]
  • New rail links from Rajasthan to Gujrat and Maharashtra
UP
  • New rail links in UP near Haryana Border
    • Karnal-Haridwar: Deoband-Roorkee line, 27.45 km route included in 2018 pink book,[66] Karnal to Deoband is the missing link.
    • Mathura-Vrindavan line, 11 km route is included in 2018 NCR pink book.[95]
  • New rail links from UP to Nepal
Uttrakhand
NCR CMG connectivity
  • Complimentary NCR CMG (counter Magnet City) Interconnectivity NH (National Highways) projects
    • From Hisar:
      • Hisar-Jaipur: Hisar-Kaimri-Isharwal and Gokulpura-RampuraBeri-Pilani and Chirawa-Chanana-Ponkh-Chala(or Neem Ka Thana) are missing links
      • Hisar-kota: Ponkh-Khatu-Renwal and Jobner-Mahlan-Shankarpura-Choru-Chosla, Chandser (NH16)-Tordi(NH37A) and Todraisingh-Botunda-NH52(Deoli) are missing links
      • Hisar-Patiala: Barwala-Surbara-Narwana, Hatho-Kolekhan-Guhna-Attela-Bhuna-Cheeka-Panjola is the missing link
      • Hisar-Ambala: Barwala-Uchana-Titram Kaithal the missing link
      • Hisar-Karnal: NH9-Dhansu-Chanot-Masudpur-Narnaund is missing link (newly constructed SH/MDR can be converted to NH)
      • Hisar-Dehradun: NH8-Newal-Gangoh(needs new Yamuna bridge)-Ambheta-Saharanpur
      • Hisar-Bareilly: Barfeilly-Chandausi-Pawasa-Dhawarsi-Siyana-Kuchesar-Babugarh-Hapur(new northern bypass), Rasoolpur Dhaulri-Doula(NH334B)-Goripur and SOnepat-Farmanah-LakhanMajra-Bass-BhatolJattan-Pal-ki-Dhani(NH12)-Bhatla(NH17)-Niyana-Shikarpur-NH9 (Radha Soami Satsang Beas Hisar-1) are missing direct link
      • Hisar-Kanpur: Kanpur(NH19)-Rura-Dibiyapur(NH234)-Bakewar, Rewari-Tupkara-Nuh-Ujina-Hodal, Mandola-Kosli-Palhawas-Pataudi-Taoru, Dohki(NH17)-Rajgarh(NH709)-Dinod-Tosham(NH17)-Kanwari-Hisar are missing link
      • Hisar-Gwalior: Kanina(NH24)-Palri(NH17)-Jui(NH709)-Kairu(NH12)-Isharwal(NH12)is missing link
      • HisarAirport-Delhi Airport: Hisar-Kanwari-Tigrana-Bamla-Matenhail-Bhindawas-Silana(NH35)-Kiloi(NH15A)-Badli-IGI Airport GREENFIELD EXPRESSWAY is missing link (under plan?) Take note of greenfield and direct route alignment that also connects unconnected Tehsils and various Bird Sanctuaries in Matenhail, Bindhawas, Khaparwas, Macchrauli, etc.
    • From Karnal (includes Ambala and Patiala):
      • Ambala-Jaipur-kota: Ambala-Rehra-CharkhiDadri greenfield NH route has been announced as NH and industrial corridor, Nizampur(Narnaul)-Patan-Shahpur is the missing link
    • Ambala-Dehradun:
      • Ambala-Bareilly: Shamli-Khatoli-Hastinapur-Joya-Kindarki-Shahbad-Bareilly is missing NH link
      • Ambala-Kanpur: Samalkha-Baraut-Hapur-Meerut-Kahangirabad-Dibai-Bahediya-Aliganj-Chibbramau-Talgram-Kakaaan-Shivli-Kanpur
      • Ambala-Gwalior: Nih-Ujina-Uttawar-Punhana-Kaman is missing link
      • Kaithal-Pundri-Karnal
      • Karnal-Haridwar: Deoband-Roorkee line, 27.45 km route included in 2018 pink book,[66] Karnal to Deoband is the missing link.


    • From Barilly:
      • Barilly-Jaipur-Kota: Sirmathura-Mandrayal-Chancheri-Khandar-NJ30-to-Khatoli
      • Barilly-Dehradun: Rampur-Dilari-Sahaspur and Nagina-Nazibabad-Roorkee are missing link
      • Barilly-Kanpur: Farukhabad-Pihan-Sauna-Rapra-Pravea-HarodiaBholapur-Kandharpur
      • Barilly-Gwalior: Badaun-Ganj Dundwara-Sakot-Shikohabad-Porsa-Pariksha-Gwalior is missing NH link


    • From Kanpur:
      • Kanpur-Jaipur-Kota: Fatehabad (Agra)-Khairgrah-Uchena is missing link
      • Kanpur—Kota: Hwaliar-Tentara and Lakshmanpura-Sheopur are missing link
      • Kanpur-Gwalior: Kuthond-Madhogarh-Mihona-Mau is missing link

National freight corridors

Diamond Quadrilateral High-speed rail network,[1] Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (72 km)[2] and Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (177 km)[3] pass through Haryana.

Special rail

UNESCO Heritage rails
Tourist circuit rail

Sri Krishna circuit on Vrindavan-Mathura-Govardhan-Barsana-Kurukshetra route and Hemu heritage circuit on Delhi-Rewari-Madhogarh-Panipat route.[96] Other potential circuits are Prithviraj circuit on Faridabad(Surajkund)-Taraori-Asigarh Fort(Hansi)-Hisar-Tosham route, Haryana Buddha circuit on Hisar(ashoka pillar in mosque in Firoz Shah Palace Complex)-Agroha Mound-Fatehabad(Ashoka lat in mosque)-Kurukshetra(Buddha satupa on main sarovar)-Topra-Sugh-Chaneti.

Luxury rail

Luxury rail in Haryana are the Delhi-Rewari Fairy Queen Heritage Train and the proposed Delhi-Rewari-Madhogarh Heritage Rail Circuit.[96]

High-speed rail

Semi-High Speed rail: 160-200 km

Delhi-Agra and Delhi-Chandigarh routes will be converted to the average speed of 160–200 km per hour.[97][98] The project was conceived in 2014.

Delhi-Chandigarh semi high speed rail corridor with 200 km/h via Ambala Cantt and Panipat will commence construction work in 2019. Cost of this corridor 11,218 crore.

Rapid Rail Transport System (RRTS)

The under-construction Delhi-Alwar RRTS and Delhi-Sonepat-Panipat RRTS will pass through Haryana. In 2017 December, National Capital Region Transport Corporation signed agreements with Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (Spain's state-owned company) and Société nationale des chemins de fer français (France's state-owned company) to cooperate on the development of rapid rail smart projects, including Delhi-Meerut Smart Line, Delhi-Panipat Smart Line and Delhi-Alwar Smart Line have been prioritised for implementation in the first phase of NCR RRTS where these three lines will operate from Sarai Kale Khan in Delhi. Designed with 180 km/h design speed, 160 km/h operational speed, and 100 km/h average speed, of six-car trains carrying 1,154 passengers running every 5 to 10 minutes on either underground or elevated point-to-point tracks where passengers will not have to change trains. 35-40% funding will be equity from Centre and state governments and the remaining 60% will come from multilateral funding agencies.[99][100][101]

  • Delhi-Alwar RRTS: Delhi-Alwar line will have 19 stations, 9 underground stations from ISBT Kashmere Gate to Kherki Daula and 10 elevated stations on 124.5 km route.[101]
  • Delhi-Sonipat RRTS: INR 30,000 crore Delhi-Panipat Smart Line and 180.5 km will cost around Rs 37,539 crore Delhi-Alwar Smart Line are awaiting DPR approval, construction to commence by the end of 2018 and completed before 2025. Cost of this corridor is 30,000 crore. At four major stops in Panipat: Panipat Depot, Panipat North, Panipat South and Samalkha.
  • Delhi-Rohtak-Hisar RRTS

High Speed 200-500 km/h rail

Delhi-Mumbai high-speed rail and Delhi–Amritsar high-speed rail of Diamond Quadrilateral High-speed rail network via Sohna-Rewari-Narnaul will pass through Haryana.[1] The Ministry of Railways has established the National High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited as a government company on 12 February 2016 to promote high-speed rail corridors.[102] The Indian Ministry of Railways' white-paper "Vision 2020", envisages the implementation of regional high-speed rail projects to provide services at 250–350 km/h, and planning for corridors connecting commercial, tourist, and pilgrimage hubs. Six corridors have been identified for technical studies on setting up of high-speed elevated rail corridors, including the following 2 passing through Haryana:[103]

  • Delhi–Chandigarh–Amritsar: This 458 km corridor costing 1 lakh crore has been approved by the railway board and construction will commence in year 2020. The route alignment is Delhi-Panipat-Ambala-Chandigarh-Ludhiana-Jalandhar-Amritsar
  • Delhi-Agra-Lucknow-Varanasi-Patna

Personal Rail Transport (PRT) Metrino

Dhaula Kuan-Gurugram-Manesar Personal rapid transit, also called Metrino, was initiated in Dec 2017 by the Government of India by inviting fresh expression of interest from the providers.[104]

Metro train

Current

Proposed

  • Chandigarh and Panchkula: Chandigarh Metro (proposed)
  • Sonipat Metro - extension Red Line (Delhi Metro):
    In June 2017, the Government of Haryana's cabinet approved the investment of INR 968.20 (US$150 million), as its share on the 80:20 equity ratio with the union government, for the 4.86 kilometres (3.02 mi) extension of Delhi Metro from the existing Rithala metro station to Sonipat via Bawana with three elevated stations at Sector 5 of Narela in Delhi, on Delhi border at Kundli Industrial Area and Nathupur Industrial Area in Sonipat, which are planned to be built starting from April 2018 and to be completed by March 2022 as part of the Phase IV.[105] There are plans to further extend this line deeper into the Sonipat city (via Rajiv Gandhi Education City) and beyond to Murthal (Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology) in the future.
  • Bahadurgarh Metro - Green Line extension:
    An extension of Green Line from Mundka along the NH 9 will under construction and on schedule to be completed by December 2017 (as of June 2017).[106]
  • Rohtak Metro - Green Line extension:
    An extension of Green Line from Bahadurgarh, proposed only and not yet approved as of July 2017.[107]
  • Kharkhoda Metro - Red Line extension:
    From the existing Rithala metro station to the new stations in Rohini and Bawana industrial area, to Kharkhoda in Haryana, and up to Rohtak via Sisana as second line to Rohtak. As of July 2017, proposed only and not yet approved.
  • Jhajjar Metro - Blue Line extension:
    from existing Blue line to Najafgarh and Kharkari in Delhi to Badli in Haryana on Jhajjar border (not to be confused with Badli Industrial area of Delhi in Sonipat border) and Jhajjar city in Haryana. As of July 2017, proposed only and not yet approved.[108]
  • Dwarka - AIIMS Bhadsa - Farukh Nagar - Gurugram Blue Line extension:
    from the existing Blue line at Dwarka to AIIMS Jhajjar at Badsha, Farukh Nagar and Gurugram in Haryana. As of July 2017, proposed only and not yet approved.[108]
  • Dwarka-Gurugram - Blue Line and Orange Line Airport Express extension:
    As second connection via Kapashera and Bijwasan on Haryana border.[109] To complete the metro ring around Gurugram, a proposal was prepared in November 2017 for the two missing routes,[110]
    (a) for Blue Line (Delhi Metro) "HUDA City Centre metro station" to Dwarka Sector 21 metro station (via Sector-45, Sector-46, Sector-47, Subhash Chawk, Bahrampur, Hero Honda Cross, Udhyog Vihar-6, Sector-37 Pataudi road, Sector-10 Basai road, Sector-9 Dhankot railway station, Sector-7, HUDA Road, Sector-4/5, Ashok Vihar, Palam Vihar, Palam Vihar Sector-1, Palam Vihar Sector-23, Sector-111, Bijwasan border, Bijwasan railway station and Barthal),
    (b) from HUDA City Centre metro station to Gurgaon railway station (via Sector-45, Sector-46, Sector-47, Subhash Chawk, Rajiv Chawk, HUDA road and Sector-4/5).
  • Gurugram - Manesar Yellow Line extension:
    An extension of the existing yellow line at Gurugram to Manesar Industrial township in the west. In May 2017, a joint study by HUDA and Haryana Town and Planning found the proposal to be technically and financially viable and Detailed Project Report is being prepared for the approval.[107]
  • Balramgrah (Faridabad) - Palwal Violet Line extension:
    From existing Balramgarh (Ballabhgarh) to Palwal district headquarters. As of July 2017, proposed only and not yet approved.[107]

Multimodel Transit Centres (MMTC)

Five multimodel transit centres are being built, each one along the Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway (WPE) in the vicinity of railway stations, metro, RRTS and major national highways. These MMTCs will be located at:[111]

  • Sonipat: Kundli MMTS between Rajiv Gandhi Education City RRTS station and WPE interchange,
  • Bahadurgarh MMTS between Bahadurgarh bus stand and metro station,
  • Ballabhgarh MMTS between Ballabhgarh Metro Station, bus stand and railway station,
  • Panchagaon Chowk MMTS between proposed metro station and Gurugram RRTS station, and
  • Kherki Daula MMTS near proposed metro station and Delhi-Alwar RRTS station and bus stand on the junction of Chhapra and Naihati villages.

Multimodel logistics hubs

Issues

Multiple issues include the lack of progress on announced projects, lack of comprehensive long-term transport needs analysis and planning, lack of funding, lack of connectivity, lack of integration with multimodel transport, lack of effective utilization of existing infrastructure such as integrated logistics and industrial hubs, land acquisition, etc.[113][114][115][116]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Address by The President of India to the Joint sitting of Parliament 2014 (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014
  2. 1 2 "Eastern DFC". Archived from the original on 26 November 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 "Western DFC". Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  4. ↑ Asiatradehub.com.com. "India – Infrastructure Railways". Archived from the original on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  5. 1 2 "Delhi District: Trade and communications". The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 11. Oxford at Clarendon Press. 1909. p. 229.
  6. ↑ "IR History: Early History (1832-1869)". IRFCA. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  7. ↑ R. P. Saxena. "Indian Railway History Time line". Irse.bravehost.com. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  8. ↑ "Gazetteer of India, Haryana, Hisar" (PDF). Haryana Government. Communications, page 135. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  9. ↑ "Rajputana Malwa State Railway". fibis. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  10. ↑ "IR History: Early Days II (1870-1899)". Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  11. ↑ "Chapter VII Communications". Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  12. ↑ "Chapter VII Communications". Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  13. ↑ "Overview of Bikaner Division" (PDF). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  14. ↑ "IR History: Early Days II (1870-1899)". Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  15. ↑ "Engineer" journal article, circa 1915, reprinted in Narrow Gauge & Industrial Railway Modelling Review, no. 75, July 2008
  16. ↑ "Jodhpur-Bikaner Railway". fibis. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  17. ↑ "IR History: Part II (1870-1899)". IRFCA. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  18. ↑ "Railway line along Indian border". Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India, 21 April 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  19. ↑ Gandhi's statue damaged in Palwal
  20. ↑ EMU rams into train near Palwal, driver dies
  21. ↑ Gatimaan Express to become operational by March 2016
  22. ↑ "CP's blueprint: Bath's Crescent". Hindustan Times. 8 February 2011. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013.
  23. ↑ "A fine balance of luxury and care". Hindustan Times. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014.
  24. ↑ "When Railways nearly derailed New Delhi". Hindustan Times. 18 January 2011. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013.
  25. ↑ "Western railway history".
  26. ↑ "Written answers to Qustion asked in Parliament". Railway expansion programme in Rajasthan. Government of India. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  27. ↑ "Railway line along Indian border". Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India, 21 April 2008. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  28. ↑ "History of Electrification". IRFCA. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  29. 1 2 3 Ambala Division map and history.
  30. ↑ "History of Electrification". IRFCA. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  31. 1 2 "History of Electrification". IRFCA. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  32. ↑ IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Part 5 Ajmer-Delhi MG railway line converted to BG
  33. 1 2 Press Information Bureau English Releases
  34. ↑ "North Western railway history". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  35. ↑ "Delhi-Haryana rail link gets better". The Hindu. 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007.
  36. ↑ "Overview of Bikaner Division" (PDF). North Western Railway. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  37. ↑ "Overview of Bikaner Division" (PDF). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  38. ↑ "Bathinda–Rewari line route map". India Rail Info.
  39. 1 2 Haryana gets much less than expected in rail budget, Jagran, 25 February 2016.
  40. ↑ "New Rail Link". The Tribune, 19 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  41. ↑ "Haryana gets first functional railway line after 33 years". Business Standard, 7 January 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  42. ↑ "Minister for Railways Sh. Mallikarjun Kharge lays the foundation stones of 'Rohtak-Meham-Hansi new line and shifting of Rohtak-Makrauli section of Rohtak-Gohana-Panipat section today". Northern Railway. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  43. ↑ Indian Railways to use GPS-enabled devices to fight fog this season, Economic Times, 12 Dec 2017.
  44. ↑ Multi-model transport network map of Haryana, Haryana Space Applications Centre, Hisar.
  45. ↑ Railway network of Haryana, HARSAC.
  46. ↑ Pink book, Indian Railway.
  47. 1 2 Bikaner Division map and history
  48. 1 2 "Overview of Bikaner Division" (PDF). North Western Railway. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  49. ↑ infra
  50. ↑ NWR railway Bikaner division slidings
  51. ↑ NWR bikaner division medical facilities
  52. 1 2 Jaipur division network map
  53. 1 2 Delhi division map and history
  54. 1 2 "Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways" (PDF). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  55. 1 2 "Ambala Railway Division". Railway Board. Northern Railway zone. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  56. ↑ "Statement showing Category-wise No.of stations in IR based on Pass. earning of 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  57. 1 2 "PASSENGER AMENITIES - CRITERIA= For Categorisation Of Stations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  58. ↑ Kalka workshop
  59. 1 2 NCR Zone map
  60. 1 2 "North Central Railways / Indian Railways Portal". www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  61. ↑ Rly Min gives approval for accelerated speed rail route between Delhi and Hisar, United News, 29 Dec 2017.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 new projects announced, India Today, 26 January 2018.
  63. 1 2 3 4 5 6 New rail projects will get speed in Haryana, Amar Ujala, 3 Feb 2019.
  64. 1 2 3 Three railway line projects for Haryana, state government will give 50%: Hooda, Times of India, 28 July 2013.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Haryana, Railways for speedy implementation of projects, The Hindu, 1 Feb 2015.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Northern Railway Pink Book 2018.
  67. ↑ Patiala-Kaithal rail line survey complete, Amar Ujala, 1 Feb 2019.
  68. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rajasthan gets more railines to Haryana and Punjab, Rajasthan Patrika.
  69. 1 2 Haryana Samvad Archived 29 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Oct 2018.
  70. 1 2 Hisar MP meets railway minister, seeks more train for his constituency, Times of India, 4 Feb 2017.
  71. ↑ State got several railway projects, The Tribune, Feb 2015.
  72. ↑ Haryana clears railway link between Panipat and Palwal, awaits centre's nod, Times of India, Dec 2018.
  73. ↑ Hissar airport will be connected directly to delhi from railline, Dainik Jagran, 25 Dec 2018.
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Survey of railway lines, Project Today, 2010.
  75. 1 2 NR current survey status 2017.
  76. ↑ New raliline between Hissar to Sirsa in Haryana, Amar Ujala, 3 Feb 2019.
  77. ↑ छह वर्ष बाद भी अलवर-चरखी दादरी रेलवे लाइन के सर्वे का इंतजार, Amar Ujala, 2017.
  78. ↑ Sardarshar-Loonkaransar survey completed
  79. ↑ Mandkola-Dhaulpur rail link
  80. 1 2 Pinkbook underconstruction lines
  81. ↑ Meerut-Panipat railway line soon, Amar Ujala, 2016.
  82. 1 2 Bhopal-Ramganj rail link tender
  83. 1 2 Bhopal-Beora rail link to connect Bhopal to Jhalawar-Kota-Jaipur-Hisar NCR CMG
  84. ↑ Indianrail live rail map of functional lines
  85. ↑ Bhatinda-Dabwali-Hanumangarh-Pilibangan-Suratgarh rail line
  86. ↑ Hisar-Bhatinda-SuratGarh electrification has commenced, Rajasthan Patrika, 2017.
  87. 1 2 Rajgarh-Gajrinsghpur rail line
  88. 1 2 3 4 5 4 new rail lines from Sardarshar being surveyed: Sardarshar-Taranagar-Sadulpur (Rajgarh) line, Sardarshar-Loonkaransar line, Sardarshar-Suratgarh-Gajsinghpur line and Sardarshar-Sirsa line.
  89. ↑ Sardarshahar-Sirsa line
  90. ↑ Sardarshahar-Suratgarh-Gajsinghpur line
  91. ↑ 3 new surveys and additional budget for 4 previously planned surveys in 2015 budget announced by the Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu, 2015.
  92. ↑ Alwar-Narnaul-Charkhi Dadri line
  93. 1 2 3 4 5 2018 NWR Pink Book
  94. ↑ Jhalawar-Biaora-Bhopal line
  95. 1 2 3 2018 NCR Pink Book.
  96. 1 2 Railway heritage theme park on the anvil at Rewari, Daijiworld, 19 Jan 2018.
  97. ↑ Railways completes pilot project for semi-high-speed train
  98. ↑ "Indian Railways To Launch Semi High Speed Bullet Trains On Three Routes". Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  99. ↑ India Spain cooperate in rail, 1 December 2017.
  100. ↑ "On track: Direct trains on high-speed rail corridor to and from most NCR towns", Hindustan Times, 28 November 2017.
  101. 1 2 "High speed rail link by 2023 to cut journey time to 30 minutes at 100 km/h between Kashmere Gate and Gurgaon", The Economic Times, 23 April 2017.
  102. ↑ "Welcome to HSRC". hsrc.in. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  103. ↑ "Indian Railways: Vision 2020" (PDF). Indian Railways. December 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  104. ↑ Gadkari looking to launch India's first private rapid transit system from Dhaulan Kuan to Manesar, Hindustan Times, 19 Dec 2017.
  105. ↑ Delhi Metro to be extended till Haryana's Sonepat, The Economic Times, 1 July 2017.
  106. ↑ Delhi Metro's longest line: Majlis Park to Shiv Vihar set to open, Eturbo News, Juergen T Steinmetz, 6 June 2017.
  107. 1 2 3 Expected PM Narendra Modi to announce Metro's extension to other parts of Haryana, says CM Bhupinder Hooda, DNA India News, September 2015.
  108. 1 2 AIIMS demands metro connectivity to its Jhajjar centre, Drug Today News, 14 May 2015.
  109. ↑ Metro to connect HUDA City Centre station with Gurugram railway station , The Hindu, 4 May 2017.
  110. ↑ "हुडा सिटी सेंटर से रेलवे स्टेशन व द्वारका तक मेट्रो चलाने की तैयारी.", Amar Ujala, 17 Nov 2017
  111. ↑ Haryana govt to set up multi modal transit centres Outlook, 11 Jan 2018.
  112. 1 2 3 4 Dubai-based company keen on investing in state, The Tribune, 6 Dec 2017.
  113. ↑ Critical Issues Related to Metro Rail Projects in India, 21 Dec 2017.
  114. ↑ Double-lane rail track to miss another deadline, The Tribune, 12 July 2017.
  115. ↑ Railway minister shows green light to pending projects in state, Times of India, 2 April 2015.
  116. ↑ Now onus on states to ensure land transfer for rail projects , Indian Express, 15 Nov 2017.
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