Tarsius[1]
Temporal range: Eocene to recent
Spectral tarsier
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Family: Tarsiidae
Genus: Tarsius
Storr, 1780
Type species
Lemur tarsier
Erxleben, 1777
Species
Distribution and range of Tarsius supriatnai and other tarsier species in Sulawesi, Indonesia:
  Tarsius dentatus
  Tarsius wallacei
  Tarsius lariang
  Tarsius fuscus
  Tarsius pumilus
  Tarsius pelengensis
  Tarsius spectrumgurskyae
  Tarsius supriatnai
  Tarsius niemitzi

Tarsius is a genus of tarsiers, small primates native to islands of Southeast Asia. Until 2010, all tarsier species were typically assigned to this genus, but a revision of the family Tarsiidae restored the generic status of Cephalopachus and created a new genus Carlito.[1]

All members of Tarsius are found on Sulawesi, while Cephalopachus is found on Sundaland and Carlito in Greater Mindanao.

Species

Genus Tarsius – Storr, 1780 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Dian's tarsier T. dentatus
Miller & Hollister, 1921		 Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Map of range		 Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–28 cm (5–11 in) tail[2][3]

Habitat: Forest[4]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[2]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[4]

Gursky's spectral tarsier

Brown tarsier

 T. spectrumgurskyae
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017		 Northeastern Sulawesi (in purple)
Map of range		 Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest[6]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[6]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[6]

Jatna's tarsier T. supriatnai
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017		 Northern Sulawesi (in gray)
Map of range		 Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest[7]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[7]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[7]

Lariang tarsier T. lariang
Groves & Merker, 2006		 Central Sulawesi
Map of range		 Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest[9]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[9]		  DD 


Unknown Population declining[9]

Makassar tarsier

Gray tarsier

 T. fuscus
Fischer von Waldheim, 1804		 Southern Sulawesi (in yellow)
Map of range		 Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest and caves[11]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[10]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[11]

Niemitz's tarsier T. niemitzi
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto, Mittermeier, Salim & Springer, 2019		 Northern Sulawesi (circled in black)
Map of range		 Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[12]

Habitat: Forest[13]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[13]		  EN 


10,000–20,000 Population declining[13]

Peleng tarsier T. pelengensis
Sody, 1949		 Eastern Sulawesi
Map of range		 Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 25–27 cm (10–11 in) tail[14]

Habitat: Forest[15]

Diet: Insects, as well as frogs, lizards, and other small vertebrates[15]		  EN 


Unknown Population declining[15]

Pygmy tarsier T. pumilus
Miller, Hollister, 1921		 Central Sulawesi
Map of range		 Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 20–21 cm (8 in) tail[16][17]

Habitat: Forest[18]

Diet: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates[16]		  EN 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Sangihe tarsier

Drawing of brown tarsier

 T. sangirensis
Meyer, 1897		 Sangir Island, southeastern Philippines
Map of range		 Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[20]

Diet: Insects, as well as birds, lizards, and other small vertebrates[19]		  EN 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Siau Island tarsier

Brown tarsier

 T. tumpara
Shekelle, Groves, Merker & Supriatna, 2008		 Siau Island, north of Sulawesi Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 20 cm (8 in) tail[21]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates[22]		  CR 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Spectral tarsier

Brown tarsier

 T. tarsier
(Erxleben, 1777)		 Sulawesi
Map of range		 Size: 9–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest[24]

Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, bats, and other small vertebrates[23]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[24]

Wallace's tarsier T. wallacei
Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle, 2010		 Northern Sulawesi (in orange)
Map of range		 Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 23–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[26]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[25]		  VU 


Unknown Population declining[26]

As of 2018, Fossilworks also recognizes the following additional extinct species:[27]

  • †Tarsius eocaenus Beard et al., 1994[28]
  • †Tarsius sirindhornae Chaimanee et al., 2011[29]

References

  1. 1 2 Groves, C.; Shekelle, M. (2010). "The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae". International Journal of Primatology. 31 (6): 1071–1082. doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1. S2CID 21220811.
  2. 1 2 Yang, Liubin (2007). "Tarsius dentatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  3. ↑ Supriatna, p. 49
  4. 1 2 Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius dentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21489A17977790. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21489A17977790.en.
  5. 1 2 Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation. 31: 61–69.
  6. 1 2 3 Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius spectrumgurskyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336422A162336580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336422A162336580.en.
  7. 1 2 3 Shekelle, M. (2022) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Tarsius supriatnai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336881A220971513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336881A220971513.en.
  8. ↑ Supriatna, p. 45
  9. 1 2 3 Shekelle, M; Salim, M.; Merker, S. (2020). "Tarsius lariang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136319A17978130. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136319A17978130.en.
  10. 1 2 Supriatna, pp. 40–41
  11. 1 2 Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369593A162369616. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369593A162369616.en.
  12. ↑ Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I/; Mittermeier, R. A.; Salim, A/; Springer, M/ S. (2019). "A new tarsier species from the Togean Islands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, with references to Wallacea and conservation on Sulawesi". Primate Conservation. 33: 1–9. S2CID 204801433.
  13. 1 2 3 Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius niemitzi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162337005A171341769. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162337005A171341769.en.
  14. ↑ Supriatna, p. 53
  15. 1 2 3 Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius pelengensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21494A17977515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21494A17977515.en.
  16. 1 2 Ford, Trevor (2011). "Tarsius pumilus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  17. ↑ Supriatna, pp. 42–43
  18. 1 2 Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius pumilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21490A17977980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21490A17977980.en.
  19. 1 2 Minich, Miriam (2017). "Tarsius sangirensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  20. 1 2 Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius sangirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21493A17977351. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21493A17977351.en.
  21. ↑ Downey, Kathleen (March 2019). "Siau Island Tarsier, Tarsius tumpara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  22. 1 2 3 Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en.
  23. 1 2 Mogk, Kenzie (2012). "Tarsius tarsier". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  24. 1 2 Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius tarsier". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369551A17978304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369551A17978304.en.
  25. 1 2 Supriatna, pp. 47–48
  26. 1 2 Merker, S.; Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius wallacei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T195277A17977659. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T195277A17977659.en.
  27. ↑ "Tarsius Storr 1780 (tarsier)". Fossilworks. Retrieved 24 November 2018 from the Paleobiology Database.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  28. ↑ Beard, K. Christopher; Qi, Tao; Dawson, Mary R.; Wang, Banyue; Li, Chuankuei (1994). "A diverse new primate fauna from middle Eocene fissure-fillings in southeastern China". Nature. 368 (6472): 607. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..604B. doi:10.1038/368604a0. PMID 8145845. S2CID 2471330.
  29. ↑ Chaimanee, Y.; Lebrun, R.; Yamee, C.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2010). "A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric-morphometric method". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1714): 1956–1963. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2062. PMC 3107645. PMID 21123264.

Sources

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