| Tournament information | |
|---|---|
| Sport | Underwater Hockey |
| Established | 1980 |
| Format | Groups and Knockout |
| Current champion | |
Elite New Zealand (men's; 2023).svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia (women's; 2023)Masters  United States (men's; 2023) France (women's; 2023)U-24  Turkey (men's; 2019) New Zealand (women's; 2019)U-19 New Zealand (men's; 2019) New Zealand (women's; 2019) | |
The Underwater Hockey World Championship is the peak international event for the underwater sport of Underwater Hockey. The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation.
History
The championship was first held in 1980 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada after the intended initial championship scheduled for 1979 was beset by difficulties and ultimately postponed, due to the invitation of a team from South Africa and the problems associated with apartheid.
Subsequently, a world championship has been held every two years in locations around the world up until 2006. 2006 saw many CMAS-affiliated national federations as well as the majority of the CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission members in dispute with CMAS over policy and governance matters concerning underwater hockey. Out of the divide the World Aquachallenge Association (WAA) - an alternative governing body - was born.[1]
In 2007 CMAS intended to incorporate the Underwater Hockey World Championship into its inaugural World Games event in Bari, Italy, an ambitious event intended to showcase all of the underwater disciplines (Underwater Rugby, Finswimming etc) governed by them in one place. As far as underwater hockey goes this event was poorly attended, in part due to it being 'out of synch' with many affiliated federations' training calendars and budgets. The following year - the 'normal' world championship year - the WAA organised their 'rival' 1st World Championship event in Durban, South Africa. This is now held by many to have been the official 2008 World Championship despite it being poorly attended too, in part this time because CMAS organised a major underwater hockey 'zone' event to be held in Istanbul, Turkey on exactly the same dates meaning a majority of European federations were forced to choose which championship their representative teams attended.
The WAA was short-lived and since 2008 CMAS has once again administered all the world championship events in various age/gender divisions with the most recent having been held in Quebec City, Canada in 2018. World championships in the different age categories are now scheduled for every second year.[2]
Editions Summary
Championships conducted by CMAS
Source:[3]
| Key | Cancelled[lower-alpha 1] |
Senior
| Year | Date | Championship | Location | Nations | Events | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | July 12 – 16 | 1st World Championship | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Vancouver, Canada[5] |
5 | Men's |  Netherlands |
 Great Britain |
Australia |
Canada |
[6] |
| 1982 | February 20 – 25 | 2nd World Championship | Brisbane, Australia[7] |
2 | Men's | Australia |
New Zealand |
— | — | [6] |
| 3 | Women's | Australia |
New Zealand |
Canada |
— | |||||
| 1984 | May 1 – 10 | 3rd World Championship | Chicago, United States[8] |
8 | Men's | Australia |
Netherlands |
Great Britain |
United States |
[6] |
| Women's | Australia |
New Zealand |
United States |
Canada | ||||||
| 1986 | April 16 – 27 | 4th World Championship | Adelaide, Australia[9] |
7 | Men's | Canada |
Australia |
New Zealand |
Netherlands |
[6] |
| 2 | Women's | Australia |
New Zealand |
— | — | |||||
| 1988 | April 5 – 13 | 5th World Championship | Amersfoort, Netherlands[10] |
9 | Men's | Australia |
Netherlands |
Canada |
New Zealand |
[6] |
| Women's | New Zealand |
United States |
Australia |
Great Britain | ||||||
| 1990 | May 31 – June 9 | 6th World Championship | Montreal, Canada[11] |
9 | Men's | Australia |
Great Britain |
Canada |
New Zealand |
[6] |
| Women's | Australia |
New Zealand |
United States |
Great Britain | ||||||
| 1992 | May 12 – 20 | 7th World Championship | Wellington, New Zealand[12] |
9 | Men's Elite | Australia |
New Zealand |
 South Africa |
Great Britain |
[6] |
| Men's Masters | Australia |
New Zealand |
— | — | ||||||
| Women's | South Africa |
Australia |
New Zealand |
Great Britain | ||||||
| 1994 | April 17 – 24 | 8th World Championship | Grand Couronne, France[13] |
10 | Men's Elite | Australia |
South Africa |
United States |
France |
[6] |
| Men's Masters | South Africa |
Great Britain |
Australia |
France | ||||||
| Women's | Australia |
South Africa |
Great Britain |
France | ||||||
| 1996 | July 11 – 20 | 9th World Championship | Durban, South Africa[14] |
11 | Men's Elite | Australia |
South Africa |
New Zealand |
Netherlands |
[6] |
| Men's Masters | South Africa |
Australia |
Great Britain |
United States | ||||||
| Women's | South Africa |
Australia |
France |
New Zealand | ||||||
| 1998 | June 4 – 13 | 10th World Championship | San José, United States[15] |
14 | Men's Elite | France |
South Africa |
Australia |
New Zealand |
[6] |
| Men's Masters | South Africa |
Great Britain |
United States |
Australia | ||||||
| Women's Elite | South Africa |
Great Britain |
United States |
Canada | ||||||
| Women's Masters | South Africa |
United States |
Great Britain |
— | ||||||
| 2000 | April 25 – 29 | 11th World Championship | Hobart, Australia[16] |
15 | Men's Elite | Australia |
France |
Canada |
South Africa |
[6] |
| Men's Masters | Australia |
South Africa |
New Zealand |
United States | ||||||
| Women's Elite | Australia |
Canada |
South Africa |
United States | ||||||
| Women's Masters | South Africa |
Australia |
New Zealand |
Great Britain | ||||||
| 2002 | July 20 – 28 | 12th World Championship | Calgary, Canada[17] |
13 | Men's Elite | Australia |
New Zealand |
France |
Netherlands |
[6] |
| Men's Masters | United States |
South Africa |
Great Britain |
Canada | ||||||
| Women's Elite | Australia |
Canada |
South Africa |
Great Britain | ||||||
| Women's Masters | South Africa |
Australia |
United States |
Great Britain | ||||||
| Youth | Great Britain |
United States |
Canada |
— | ||||||
| 2004 | March 22 – 31 | 13th World Championship | Christchurch, New Zealand[18] |
9 | Men's: Elite | New Zealand |
Australia |
France |
Netherlands |
[6] |
| Men's: Masters | United States |
Australia |
France |
Great Britain | ||||||
| Men's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Great Britain |
Australia |
United States | ||||||
| Women's: Elite | Netherlands |
New Zealand |
South Africa |
France | ||||||
| Women's: Masters | United States |
Australia |
France |
Great Britain | ||||||
| Women's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Great Britain |
South Africa |
— | ||||||
| 2006 | August 15 – 24 | 14th World Championship | Sheffield, United Kingdom[19][20] |
17 | Men's: Elite | New Zealand |
Netherlands |
France |
Australia |
[21][6] |
| Men's: Masters | United States |
South Africa |
France |
Great Britain | ||||||
| Men's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Great Britain |
France |
Canada | ||||||
| Women's: Elite | Australia |
South Africa |
Netherlands |
Great Britain | ||||||
| Women's: Masters | United States |
Great Britain |
Canada |
— | ||||||
| Women's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Great Britain |
South Africa |
— | ||||||
| 2007 | July 31 – August 4 | Disputed 15th World Championship (Part of 1st CMAS Games) |
 Bari, Italy[22] |
6 | Men's: Elite | Unknown | ||||
| Women's: Elite | Unknown | |||||||||
| 2009[lower-alpha 2] | August 21 – 29 | 16th World Championship |  Kranj, Slovenia[23][24] |
12 | Men's: Elite | South Africa |
Unknown | [6] | ||
| 7 | Women's: Elite | Great Britain |
Unknown | |||||||
| 2011 | August 16 – 27 | 17th World Championship |  Coimbra, Portugal[25][26] |
10 | Men's: Elite | Australia |
South Africa |
 Columbia |
France |
[6] |
| 8 | Women's: Elite | Great Britain |
Australia |
Unknown | ||||||
| 2013 | August 23 – September 1 | 18th World Championship[27] |  Eger, Hungary[28] |
15 | Men's: Elite | France |
New Zealand |
Australia |
Great Britain |
[29][6] |
| 9 | Men's: Masters | Australia |
Netherlands |
Unknown | ||||||
| 16 | Women's: Elite | New Zealand |
Great Britain |
Unknown | Australia | |||||
| 6 | Women's: Masters | Australia |
South Africa |
Unknown | ||||||
| 2016 | March 22 – April 2 | 19th World Championship | Stellenbosch, South Africa |
14 | Men's: Elite | Australia |
Turkey |
Great Britain |
Columbia |
[30] |
| 13 | Men's: Masters | Australia |
Great Britain |
France |
Netherlands | |||||
| 9 | Women's: Elite | South Africa |
New Zealand |
France |
Columbia | |||||
| 8 | Women's: Masters | Australia |
South Africa |
Columbia |
France | |||||
| 2018 | July 18 – 28 | 20th World Championship | Quebec City, Canada[31] |
14 | Men's: Elite | New Zealand |
France |
Turkey |
Great Britain |
[32] |
| 13 | Men's: Masters | France |
South Africa |
Canada |
Great Britain | |||||
| 9 | Women's: Elite | New Zealand |
Great Britain |
Columbia |
South Africa | |||||
| 6 | Women's: Masters | France |
Australia |
Columbia |
Canada | |||||
| 2020, moved to 2021 |
July 20– August 1 | 21st World Championship cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
Gold Coast, Australia |
N/A | Men's: Elite | N/A | ||||
| Men's: Masters | N/A | |||||||||
| Women's: Elite | N/A | |||||||||
| Women's: Masters | N/A | |||||||||
| 2022 | July 23 – 31 | World Cup (International Restart Event)[lower-alpha 3] |
Ankara, Turkey |
Men's: Elite | Unknown | |||||
| Men's: Masters | Unknown | |||||||||
| Women's: Elite | Unknown | |||||||||
| Women's: Masters | Unknown | |||||||||
| 2023 | July 18 – 30 | 21st World Championship | Gold Coast, Australia |
12 | Men's: Elite | New Zealand |
France |
Great Britain |
Turkey |
[34] |
| 8 | Men's: Masters | United States |
France |
New Zealand |
Australia | |||||
| 13 | Women's: Elite | Australia |
France |
Columbia |
Great Britain | |||||
| 5 | Women's: Masters | France |
Australia |
New Zealand |
United States | |||||
Junior
| Year | Date | Championship | Location | Nations | Events | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | August 23 – September 1 | 2nd Junior World Championship[lower-alpha 4] | Eger, Hungary |
6 | Men's: U-23 | New Zealand |
Australia |
Unknown | [29][6] | |
| 7 | Men's: U-19 | Colombia |
Unknown | Australia | ||||||
| 5 | Women's: U-23 | New Zealand |
Unknown | |||||||
| 4 | Women's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Unknown | Australia | ||||||
| 2015 | August 6 – 15 | 3rd Junior World Championship |  Castello de la Plana, Spain |
8 | Men's: U-23 | Turkey |
Australia |
New Zealand |
Columbia |
[6][35] |
| 10 | Men's: U-19 | New Zealand |
France |
Colombia |
Great Britain | |||||
| 8 | Women's: U-23 | Colombia |
Netherlands |
Great Britain |
Australia | |||||
| 8 | Women's: U-19 | South Africa |
New Zealand |
France |
Colombia | |||||
| 2017 | July 15 – 23 | 4th Junior World Championship | Hobart, Australia |
10 | Men's: U-23 | Turkey |
Unknown | [36] | ||
| 9 | Men's: U-19 | France |
Unknown | |||||||
| 8 | Women's: U-23 | New Zealand |
Unknown | |||||||
| 7 | Women's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Unknown | |||||||
| 2019 | August 14 – 24 | 5th Junior World Championship | Sheffield, United Kingdom |
11 | Men's: U-24 | Turkey |
Great Britain |
New Zealand |
South Africa |
[37] |
| 7 | Men's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Great Britain |
Spain |
South Africa | |||||
| 7 | Women's: U-24 | New Zealand |
France |
South Africa |
Great Britain | |||||
| 5 | Women's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Columbia |
France |
Great Britain | |||||
| 2021, moved to 2022 |
July 23 – 31 | World Cup (International Restart Event)[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 5] |
Ankara, Turkey |
Men's: U-24 | Unknown | |||||
| Men's: U-19 | Unknown | |||||||||
| Women's: U-24 | Unknown | |||||||||
| Women's: U-19 | Unknown | |||||||||
| 2024 | July 16 – 27 | 6th Junior World Championship |  Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
Men's: U-24 | TBA | |||||
| Men's: U-19 | TBA | |||||||||
| Women's: U-24 | TBA | |||||||||
| Women's: U-19 | TBA | |||||||||
Championships conducted by WAA
The 1st WAA World Championships is considered by some as being the legitimate 15th Championships.[38]
| Year | Date | Championship | Location | Nations | Events | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | April 25 – May 3 | Alternative 15th World Championships | Durban, South Africa[39][40] |
10 | Men's: Elite | France |
New Zealand |
South Africa |
Australia |
[6] |
| Men's: Masters | South Africa |
Netherlands |
France |
Great Britain | ||||||
| Men's: U-19 | Spain |
New Zealand |
South Africa |
Columbia | ||||||
| Women's: Elite | Australia |
South Africa |
Netherlands |
New Zealand | ||||||
| Women's: U-19 | New Zealand |
Columbia |
South Africa |
Spain |
Results by Nation
| Key | Most successful in given category |
| Nation | Titles | Men's Elite | Women's Elite | Men's Masters | Women's Masters | Men's U-23/24 | Women's U-23/24 | Men's U-19 | Women's U-19 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia |
26 | 11: 1982, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2011, 2016 | 9: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008[lower-alpha 6], 2023 | 4: 1992, 2000, 2013, 2016 | 2: 2013, 2016 | ||||
| New Zealand |
21 | 4: 2004, 2006, 2018, 2023 | 3: 1988, 2013, 2018 | 1: 2013 | 3: 2013, 2017, 2019 | 4: 2004, 2006, 2015, 2019 | 6: 2004, 2006, 2008,[lower-alpha 6] 2013, 2017, 2019 | ||
| South Africa |
12 | 1: 2009 | 4: 1992, 1996, 1998, 2016 | 3: 1996, 1998, 2008[lower-alpha 6] | 3: 1998, 2000, 2002 | 1: 2015 | |||
| France |
7 | 3: 1998, 2008,[lower-alpha 6] 2013 | 1: 2018 | 2: 2018, 2023 | 1: 2017 | ||||
| United States |
6 | 4: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2023 | 2: 2004, 2006 | ||||||
| Turkey |
3 | 3: 2015, 2017, 2019 | |||||||
| Great Britain |
2: 2009, 2011 | 1: 2002 | |||||||
| Colombia |
2 | 1: 2015 | 1: 2013 | ||||||
| The Netherlands |
1: 1980 | 1: 2004 | |||||||
| Canada |
1 | 1: 1986 | |||||||
| Spain |
1: 2008[lower-alpha 6] |
See also
Notes
- ↑ The 2020 World Championships, later moved to 2021, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]
- ↑ Due to the 2007–08 CMAS–WAA dispute, preceded World Championships occurred on odd years.
- 1 2 The 2022 Underwater Hockey World Cup, originally intended to be the 21st World Championship, will be the first major international tournament since the COVID-19 pandemic and will serve as a warm up to the next world championships in 2023. Winners of the tournament will not be crowned world champions.[33]
- ↑ Held simultaneously with 18th World Championship
- ↑ Held simultaneously with Senior and Masters World Cup
- 1 2 3 4 5 WAA
References
- ↑ "2008 Meeting Minutes" (PDF). WAA. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "About Underwater Hockey". CMAS.
- ↑ "Championships Archive".
- ↑ "🇦🇺 21th CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships. Gold Coast, Australia – Suspended". 29 March 2021.
- ↑ "1980 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 "World Championship Results". 19 April 2012.
- ↑ "1982 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Brisbane, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "1984 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Chicago, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "1986 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Adelaide, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "1988 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "1990 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Montreal, Quebec, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "1992 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Wellington, New Zealand". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "1994 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "1996 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Durban, South Africa<". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "1998 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - San Jose, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "2000 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "2002 World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Calgary, Alberta, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "2004 World Underwater Hockey Championship FINAL - Christchurch, New Zealand, 22nd to 31st March 2004". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "2006 - 14th World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Sheffield, United Kingdom 15th August to 24th August 2006". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "2006 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships, Sheffield, UK (Official Website)". 2006 World Championship Committee. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ↑ "Home". uwhworlds2006.net.
- ↑ "1st CMAS World Games Underwater Hockey Tournament Bari, Italy - 31st July to 4th August 2007". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "2nd CMAS WORLD GAMES UNDERWATER HOCKEY TOURNAMENT Kranj, Slovinia - 21st to 29th August 2009". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "KRANJ 16th CMAS UNDERWATER HOCKEY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "3rd CMAS World Underwater Hockey Games (17th World Championship) Elite Teams Tournament Coimbra, Portugal, 16th to 27th August 2011". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "17th Underwater Hockey World Championship". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "18th CMAS WC 2013 Initial Groups" (PDF). CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
- ↑ "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger - Hungary. Information Pack is out". CMAS. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- 1 2 "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger- Hungary. Information Pack is out".
- ↑ "🇿🇦 Final Results 19th CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championship. South Africa 2016". 2 April 2016.
- ↑ "2018 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada". www.cmas.com. 27 November 2018.
- ↑ "Underwater Hockey Scores".
- ↑ "🇹🇷 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Cup – Istambul, Turkey 2022". 26 March 2022.
- ↑ https://uwhportal.com/events/cmas-2023-21st-cmas-uwh-world-championships?view=tournament
- ↑ https://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=3728&language=1
- ↑ "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship".
- ↑ "Overall Results".
- ↑ "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ↑ "World Championship results". World Aquachallenge Association. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
External links
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