Voiced alveolar lateral flap
ɺ
IPA Number181
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɺ
Unicode (hex)U+027A
X-SAMPAl\
Braille⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)

The voiced alveolar lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɺ, a fusion of a rotated lowercase letter r with a letter l. Approved in 1928, the symbol represented a sound intermediate between [d] and [l][1][2] or between [r] and [l][3][4] until 1979 when its value was redefined as an alveolar lateral flap.[5]

Some languages that are described as having a lateral flap actually have a flap that is indeterminate with respect to centrality, and may surface as either central or lateral, either in free variation or allophonically depending on surrounding vowels and consonants.[6]

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar lateral flap:

Occurrence

Dental

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Chaga[7] Laminal dental.[7]

Alveolar-Linguolabial

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Pirahã some speakers toogixi [tòːɺ͡ɺ̼ìʔì] 'hoe' Only used in some types of speech

Alveolar

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Curipaco[8] [ɺi.wa.'dzo.ɺe] 'ember' In alternation with an alveolar tap.[8]
Ilgar Likely an underlying sequence of /ɺj/. Contrasts /l, ɺ, ɭ, ɭ̆/.
Iwaidja ayanjildin[9] [ajanɟiɺin] 'sweetheart' Contrasts /l, ɺ, ɭ, ɭ̆/ and possibly /ʎ, ʎ̆/.
Japanese[10] roku [ɺo̞kɯ̟ᵝ] 'six' Allophonically [ɾ]. See Japanese phonology
kokoro [ko̞ko̞ɺo̞] 'heart'
Kasua[11] hilila [hiɺiɺɑ] 'heavy' Never used at the beginning nor the end of a word.[11]
Wayuu püülükü [pɯːɺɯkɯ] 'pig' Contrasts with /r/
Yalë[12] Yalë [jaɺɛ] 'Yalë' In free variation with [d]; written as d or l

See also

Notes

  1. Association phonétique internationale (1928).
  2. International Phonetic Association (1949), p. 14.
  3. Association phonétique internationale (1932).
  4. Association phonétique internationale (1952).
  5. International Phonetic Association (1978).
  6. Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 243.
  7. 1 2 Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 213.
  8. 1 2 Souza (2012), p. 78.
  9. "Mood and Character". ausil.org. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
  10. Akamatsu (1997), p. 106.
  11. 1 2 Logan, Tommy (July 2003). "Organised Phonology Data" (PDF). SIL International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2018-07-09. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. Aannested, Aidan. (2020). "Towards a grammar of the Yale language: taking another look at archived field data". SIL International. https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/74/13/68/74136897596164130243049362044105596501/Yade_Grammar.pdf

References

  • Akamatsu, Tsutomu (1997). Japanese Phonetics: Theory and Practice. München: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-89586-095-6.
  • Association phonétique internationale (1928). "desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 6 (23): 51–53. JSTOR 44704266.
  • Association phonétique internationale (1932). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1932)". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 10 (37). Supplement. JSTOR 44749172.
  • Association phonétique internationale (1952). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1951)". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 30 (97). Front matter. JSTOR 44748475.
  • International Phonetic Association (1949). "The Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. Troisième série. 27 (91). Supplement. JSTOR i40200179.
  • International Phonetic Association (1978). "The International Phonetic Alphabet (Revised to 1979)". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 8 (1–2). Supplement. JSTOR 44541414.
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
  • Souza, Erick Marcelo Lima de (2012). Estudo fonológico da Língua Baniwa-Kuripako (Master's dissertation) (in Brazilian Portuguese). University of Campinas. doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2012.898354. hdl:20.500.12733/1619268.
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