古鯨

古鯨小目（學名：）也作原鲸小目，即古代鯨魚，包括現代鯨魚的祖先。古鯨小目是鯨下目三個小目之一，传统上用以概括史前鲸豚类，但不包括其存活至现代的后代，因此，这是一个并系群分类，不是自然的演化支。古鯨擁有後肢，不像今日的鯨類。最早的古鯨可能完全在陸地上活動。其滅絕原因至今眾說紛紜，其中一種解釋是由於氣候變化，海洋變得過份寒冷，造成古鯨類滅絕。

古鯨小目
化石时期：
巴基鯨（上）與走鯨（下）的骨骼模擬
巴基鯨（上）與走鯨（下）的骨骼模擬
科学分类编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目： 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
下目： 鲸下目 Cetacea
並系群： †古鯨類 Archaeoceti
Flower, 1833
传统分类中包含的子类群
传统分类中未包含，但在
演化层面上包含的演化支
  • 须鲸小目 Mysticeti
  • 齿鲸小目 Odontoceti
辛西婭鯨（左）與走鯨（右）的骨骼
東京國立科學博物館展示的庫奇鯨骨骼
華聖頓史密森尼博物館展示的軛根鯨骨骼
撒格哈鯨的骨骼

分类
  • 古鯨小目 Archaeoceti Flower, 1833
    • 巴基鲸科 Pakicetidae Gingerich e Russell, 1990
      • 巴基鲸 Pakicetus Gingerich e Russell, 1981
      • 娜拉鲸 Nalacetus Thewissen e Hussain, 1998
      • 鱼中兽 Ichthyolestes Dehm e Oettingen-Spilberg, 1958
    • 步鲸科 Ambulocetidae Thewissen, Madar e Hussain, 1996
    • 雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae Kumar e Sahni, 1986
      • 安德鲁斯鲸 Andrewsiphius Sahni e Mishra, 1975
      • 雷明顿鲸 Remingtonocetus Kumar e Sahni, 1986
      • 大连特鲸 Dalanistes Gingerich, Arif e Clyde, 1995
      • 阿托克鲸 Attockicetus Thewissen e Hussain, 2000
      • 库奇鲸 Kutchicetus Bajpai e Thewissen, 2000
      • Rayanistes Bebej, Zalmout, El-Aziz, Antar, and Gingerich, 2016
    • 原鲸科 Protocetidae Stromer, 1908
      • 埃及鲸属 Aegyptocetus Bianucci & Gingerich 2011
        • 埃及鲸 Aegyptocetus tarfa Bianucci & Gingerich 2011[1]
      • Tupelocetus
      • 原鲸亚科 Protocetinae Gingerich et al. 2005)
        • 熊神鲸 Artiocetus Gingerich, ul Haq, Zalmout, Khan & Malkani, 2001
        • 圆齿鲸 Crenatocetus McLeod & Barnes 2008
        • Dhedacetus Bajpai and Thewissen, 2014
        • 加氏鲸 Gaviacetus Gingerich, Arif e Clye, 1995
        • 印支鲸 Indocetus Sahni e Mishra, 1975
        • Kharodacetus Bajpai and Thewissen, 2014
        • 慈母鲸 Maiacetus Gingerich et al., 2009
        • 原鲸 Protocetus Fraas, 1904
        • 乔丹斯鲸 Qaisracetus Gingerich,Ul-Haq, Khan e Zalmout, 2001
        • 罗德侯鲸 Rodhocetus Gingerich, Raza, Arif, Anwar e Zhou, 1994
        • 泰卡鲸 Takracetus Gingerich, Arif e Clyde, 1995
        • 多哥鲸 Togocetus Gingerich & Cappetta 2014
        • Peregocetus Lambert et al., 2019
      • 麦卡鲸亚科 Makaracetinae P. D. Gingerich et al. 2005
        • 麦卡鲸 Makaracetus P. D. Gingerich et al. 2005
      • 乔治亚鲸亚科 Georgiacetinae Gingerich et al., 2005
        • 巴比亚鲸 Babiacetus Trivedy e Satsangi, 1984
        • 卡罗莱鲸 CarolinacetusGeisler et al. 2005
        • 始原鲸 Eocetus Fraas, 1904
        • 乔治亚鲸 Georgiacetus Hulbert, Petkewich, Bishop, Bukry e Aleshire, 1998
        • 那支特鲸 Natchitochia Uhen, 1998
        • 帕坡氏鲸 Pappocetus Andrews, 1920
        • Pontobasileus Leidy 1873
    • 龙王鲸科 Basilosauridae Cope, 1868
      • 龙王鲸亚科 Basilosaurinae Cope, 1868
        • 帝王鲸 Basilotritus Goldin & Zvonok 2013
        • 龙王鲸 Basilosaurus Harlan, 1834
        • 王鲸 Basiloterus Gingerich, Arif, Bhatti, Anwar e Sanders, 1997
        • Eocetus Fraas, 1904
        • Platyosphys Kellogg, 1936
    • 矛齿鲸科 Dorudontidae (Miller, 1923)
      • 矛齿鲸亚科 Dorudontinae Miller, 1923
        • 弯臂鲸 Ancalecetus Gingerich e Uhen, 1996
        • 金原鲸 Chrysocetus Uhen e Gingerich, 2001
        • 辛西娅鲸 Cynthiacetus Uhen, 2005
        • 矛齿鲸 Dorudon Gibbes, 1845
        • 奥库卡赫鲸 Ocucajea Uhen et al. 2011
        • 海乡鲸 Pontogeneus Leidy, 1852
        • 施特罗默鲸 Stromerius Gingerich, 2007
        • 撒格哈鯨屬 Saghacetus Gingerich, 1992
        • 死神鲸 Supayacetus Uhen et al. 2011
        • 轭根鲸 Zygorhiza True, 1904

种系发生学
鲸形类
 

†劳氏兽科 Raoellidae

 
鲸下目
 

†巴基鲸科 Pakicetidae

 
 
 

†步鲸科 Ambulocetidae

 
 
 

†雷明顿鲸科 Remingtonocetidae

 
 
 

†原鲸科 Protocetidae

 
 
 

†龙王鲸科 Basilosauridae

 
 
 

†矛齿鲸科 Dorudontidae

 
 
 

齿鲸小目 Odontoceti

 
 

须鲸小目 Mysticeti

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cetacea
Cetaceomorpha
†古鲸小目 Archaeoceti

地質時期
各类古鲸的化石所在地质时期

參考文献
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外部連結
  1. Giovanni Bianucci and Philip D. Gingerich. 2011. Aegyptocetus tarfa, n. gen. et sp. (Mammalia, Cetacea), from the Middle Eocene of Egypt: Clinorhynchy, Olfaction, and Hearing in a Protocetid Whale. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31(6); 1173–1188. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2011.607985
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