异戊醛
異戊醛,又名3-甲基丁醛,是一種化學式為C5H10O的有機化合物。它在常溫常壓下為無色液體[1],應用於工業合成中[4],是正戊醛的同分異構體。
异戊醛 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 3-methylbutyraldehyde | |
系统名 3-Methylbutanal 3-甲基丁醛 | |
别名 | 異戊醛、異纈草醛 |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 590-86-3 |
PubChem | 11552 |
ChemSpider | 11065 |
SMILES |
|
InChI |
|
InChIKey | YGHRJJRRZDOVPD-UHFFFAOYAE |
ChEBI | 16638 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C5H10O |
86.13[1] g·mol⁻¹ | |
外观 | 无色液体[1] |
密度 | 0.785 g/mL(20 °C)[1] |
熔点 | −51 °C(222 K)[2] |
沸点 | 92.5 °C(365.6 K)[2] |
溶解性(水) | 可溶于酒精和乙醚[1] 微溶于水(0.74 g,25 °C)[3] |
磁化率 | -57.5·10−6 cm3/mol |
危险性 | |
主要危害 | 易燃[1] |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
製備
異戊醛可以由異戊醇以重鉻酸鈉氧化而成。[6]同時,可借由還原異戊酸來製備異戊醇,再將它氧化成異戊醛。[7]
異戊醛亦可透過異丁烯在催化劑、氫氣與一氧化碳的存在下發生氫甲酰化反應而生成,化學式如下:
- CH3CH3CCH2 + H2 + CO → (CH3)2CHCH2CHO
反應
異戊醛帶有醛的官能團,故可以被重鉻酸鉀等氧化劑氧化成爲羧酸(異戊酸)[9],亦可以被氫化鋁鋰、硼氫化鈉等還原劑還原做異戊醇[10]。同時,異戊醛可以將多倫試劑(銀氨錯合物)還原成銀,產生銀鏡。[11]
用途
參考資料
- Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 719
- "PhysProp" data were obtained from Syracuse Research Corporation of Syracuse, New York (US). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2020-09-24].
- Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V11.02 (© 1994-2020 ACD/Labs). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2020-09-24]
- Kohlpaintner, C. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry: Aldehydes, Aliphatic, Wiley-VCH, 2000, Pg. 9 doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_321.pub3
- . February 11, 2019 [2020-09-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-26) (英语).
- . chemical book (中文).
- . [2020-09-06]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-23) (中文).
- Bamforth, C.W. Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition) | Chemistry of Brewing, 2003, Pg. 440-447
- E. Cheng, J. Chow, Y.F. Chow, A. Kai ,S.L.Lee,W.H. Wong, HKDSE Chemistry A Modern View. .
- E. Cheng, J. Chow, Y.F. Chow, A. Kai ,S.L.Lee,W.H. Wong, HKDSE Chemistry A Modern View. .
- Brown, William H. See all 2 images Studyguide for Introduction to Organic Chemistry. ISBN 9781118083383.
- . 中国化工制造网 (中文).
- Nils Nilsson. Analysis of chemical substances in balloons, 2007.
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