參見:

英语

发音

  • (標準英音) 國際音標(幫助)/ˈstaɪfl̩/
  • (通用美式) 國際音標(幫助)/ˈstaɪf(ə)l/
  • (英国南部)音频(檔案)
  • 韻部:-aɪfəl
  • 斷字:stif‧le

词源 1

动词派生自晚期中古英語 (因炎热而难以呼吸;淹水,因呛水窒息) [以及其他形式][1]之后词源不详,可能源自 (通过窒息杀死;因闷热窒息;压制,灭杀;剥夺植物的生长条件) + (动词的衍生性中缀,可能意指指小,程度增强或反复性动作和事件)[2] stuffen派生自古法語 (使...窒息,勒死;(比喻义)压制,抑制) [以及其他形式](现代法語 ),[3][4]变换自 (阻塞;绷紧,使...变厚)(现代法語 (填补)),受到了 (给...装垫子)(现代法語 )的影响。estoper派生自通俗拉丁語 ,源自拉丁語 (粗亚麻)(作为填塞材料,源自古希臘語 (stúpē) (stúppē)(对比 (stuppeîon)),可能源自前希臘語 )+ 。据《牛津英语词典》,其派生自古諾爾斯語 (筑坝;阻塞)的说法“在词形和词义方面难有说服力”。[4]

名词派生自动词。[5]

动词

(第三人稱單數簡單現在時,現在分詞,一般過去時及過去分詞)

  1. (及物亦比喻義) 使...窒息;将...闷死
    近義詞:
    • 1708, , :
      I took my leave, being half stifled with the closeness of the room.
      (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
    • Template:RQ:Dryden Metamorphoses
  2. (及物夸张) 使...呼吸困难
    The heat was stifling the children.
    炎热孩子们呼吸困难
  3. (及物亦比喻義) 忍住
  4. (及物) 阻挡住...的声音
  5. (及物比喻義)
    1. (及物) 压制,压抑,抑制,镇压
      近義詞:
      The army stifled the rebellion.
      军队镇压了叛乱。
      • 1723, , A Second Vindication of Christ's Divinity:
        I desire only to have things fairly represented as they really are; no evidence smothered or stifled.
        (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
      • Template:RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp
      • 2011 10月 29, Neil Johnston, “Norwich 3-3 Blackburn”, 出自 BBC Sport:
        In fact, there was no suggestion of that, although Wolves deployed men behind the ball to stifle the league leaders in a first-half that proved very frustrating for City.
        (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
    2. (及物) 封锁查禁,隐匿,隐瞒
  6. (及物農業(养蚕)) 用蒸汽熏 (蚕茧)
  7. (不及物) 窒息死亡
    Two firemen tragically stifled in yesterday’s fire when trying to rescue an old lady from her bedroom.
    两名消防员在试图将一位老太太从卧室中营救出来时因窒息壮烈牺牲。
  8. (不及物夸张) 呼吸困难
    The heat felt stifling.
    炎热喘不过气
其他形式
  • (弃用,16世纪)
衍生词汇
  • stifled (形容词)
  • stifling (形容词, 名词)
参见
  • Thesaurus:die

名词

(複數)

  1. (罕用) (动词词义的名词形式)窒息;呼吸困难;压制抑制等

词源 2

名词派生自中古英語 (四足动物的股骨和胫骨之间的关节) [以及其他形式],之后词源不详,可能派生自盎格魯-諾曼語 ()古法語 ()(对比古法語 (靴,鞋))。[6]

动词派生自名词。[7]

名词

(複數)

  1. (zootomy) (动物的)后腿关节
    近義詞:
  2. (獸醫學) 后腿膝关节疾病
衍生词汇

动词

(第三人稱單數簡單現在時,現在分詞,一般過去時及過去分詞)

  1. (及物) 使...的后腿膝关节挫伤,脱臼等 (动物)
衍生词汇
  • (名词)

注释

  1. 源自C[harles] J[ames] Korinek; A[lbie] W[illiam] Korinek (1915), “Diseases of the Horse: Cause, Symptoms and Treatment”, Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry: Their Cause, Symptoms and Treatment, Portland, Or.: Korinek Remedy Company, OCLC 17424821, 页10

参考资料

  1. stuflen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. -el-, suf.(3)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  3. stuffen, v.(2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  4. 1 2 stifle, v.1”, OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; stifle1, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  5. stifle, n.2”, OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020
  6. stifle, n.(1)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.; compare stifle, n.1”, OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020: “Of obscure origin”; stifle1, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  7. stifle, v.2”, OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021

延伸阅读

  • 在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en
  • 在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en
  • Douglas Harper (2001–2024), stifle”, 》(Online Etymology Dictionary

异序词

  • , , , ,
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