Ili Turki
İlı turkeşi
И̇лı туркес̧и
ي̇لي تۋركەسي
Native toChina, Kazakhstan
RegionXinjiang
EthnicityIli Turk
Native speakers
(120 in China cited 1980)[1]
30 families in China (2007); moribund in Kazakhstan
Language codes
ISO 639-3ili
Glottologilit1241
ELPIli Turki

Ili Turki is an endangered[2] Turkic language spoken primarily in China. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China.

Classification

Ili Turki appears to belong to the Chagatay group of Turkic languages, although it exhibits a number of features that suggest a Kipchak substratum.[3][4]

A comparison of Ili Turki's Chagatay and Kipchak features is shown below:

Kipchak & Chagatay features in Ili Turki
 Kazakh (Kipchak)Ili TurkiUzbek (Chagatay)English
*G > w after low vowels taw taw tɒɣ mountain
Genitive assimilation tyje+niŋ / et+tiŋ tʉjæ+nin / et+tin tʉjæ+niŋ / et+niŋ of the camel / of the meat
*G > w > Ø after high vowels sarɨ sarɨq sarɨq yellow
Loss of geminate consonants seɡiz sekkiz sækkiz eight

Geographic distribution

Ili Turki is spoken in China's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture along the Ili River and its tributaries and in Yining. There may be some speakers in Kazakhstan. Ili Turki has no official status in either country.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants of Ili Turki
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ  
Plosive p b t d k ɡ q    
Fricative s z ʃ χ ʁ h
Tap ɾ
Approximant l j w

Vowels

Vowel Sounds of Ili Turki
Front Central/back
RoundedUnrounded
Close i ʉ ɨ
Mid e ɵ
Open æ ɑ

Vocabulary

No.Ili Turki
1bir
2ekki
3ʉtʃ
4trt
5beʃ
6altə
7jetti
8sekkiz
9tɵqqʉz
10ɵn

See also

References

  1. Ili Turki at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. London: Routledge.
  3. Zhào, Xiāngrú; Hahn, Reinhard F. (1989). "The Ili Turk People and Their Language". Central Asiatic Journal. 33 (3/4): 261–285. JSTOR 41927706.
  4. Hahn, Reinhard F. (1991). "An Annotated Sample of Ili Turki". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 45 (1): 31–53. JSTOR 23658071.
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