Linyi
临沂市 Lini | |
|---|---|
 Clockwise from top: A view of the Beicheng New Area skyline, Mount Meng, Cathedral of Linyi, Linyi People's Square, The Library of Linyi University, and The Memorial Tower of Revolutionary Martyrs | |
 Location of Linyi City jurisdiction in Shandong | |
| Coordinates (Linyi municipal government): 35°06′14″N 118°21′23″E / 35.1038°N 118.3564°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 12 |
| Township-level divisions | 181 |
| Municipal seat | Lanshan District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Ren Gang (任刚) |
| • Mayor | Ren Gang (任刚) |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 17,192 km2 (6,638 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,293.3 km2 (885.4 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,293.3 km2 (885.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 74 m (244 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 11,018,365 |
| • Density | 640/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 3,651,868 |
| • Urban density | 1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,651,868 |
| • Metro density | 1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 0539 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-13 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鲁Q |
| Administrative division code | 371300 |
| Línyí | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 临沂 | ||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 臨沂 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | close to the Yi River | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Linyi (simplified Chinese: 临沂; traditional Chinese: 臨沂; pinyin: Línyí) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province, China. As of 2011, Linyi is the largest prefecture-level city in Shandong, both by area and population, Linyi borders Rizhao to the east, Weifang to the northeast, Zibo to the north, Tai'an to the northwest, Jining to the west, Zaozhuang to the southwest, and the province of Jiangsu to the south. The name of the city Linyi (临沂) literally means "close to the Yi River".
Linyi City, referred to as Yi, the ancient name of Langya, Yizhou. It is located in the transition zone between Shandong hilly Yimeng Mountain area and Yishu River alluvial plain, and the terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The three major mountain ranges of Yishan, Mengshan and Nishan are distributed in the north, with hills in the center and plains in the south. The Yi River, Shu River and Surabaya River all originate from the Yimeng Mountains and flow into the East China Sea. The municipal government is located at No.17 Beijing Road, Lanshan District. Linyi is one of the third batch of National Civilized Cities, China's Outstanding Tourist Cities, China's Garden Cities, China's Hygienic Cities, China's Model Environmental Protection Cities and National Forest Cities.
The city recently expanded along the Yi River to Nanfang, now called the Beicheng New Area, under the slogan "Grand Linyi, Beautiful Linyi, New Linyi". Multiple recreational parks were built, along with new school campuses etc. The development is a consequence of a series of governmental projects, including relocate the city government, which is expected to stimulate the economy.
The population was 11,018,365 at the 2020 census,The population was 10,993,100 at the 2022 census, of which 3,651,868 lived in the built-up area made up of Lanshan District, Luozhuang District and Hedong District, as well as Linyi National Hi-Tech Zone.[3]
Administration
The prefecture-level city of Linyi administers 12 county-level divisions, including three districts and nine counties.
Linyi is divided into three districts and nine counties, namely Lanshan District, Nanfang District, Luozhuang District, Yinan County, Tancheng County, Yishui County, Lanling County, Feixian County, Pingyi County, Junan County, Mengyin County and Linshu County.
History
The Shang Dynasty saw the emergence of square states such as Tancan, Ju and Fei. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Lu and Qi were important pillars of the Zhou Dynasty's control of the East, and the Linyi area, in addition to Qi, Lu and other foreign countries, are found in the Spring and Autumn Annals, such as Zhuan, Yang, Xiang, Ju, Tancheng, Genmou, Yuyuqiu, Qi and other countries. In addition to the above ancient countries, seen in the "Spring and Autumn Annals" have Qiyang, in the hill, Zhuqiu, Fei, defense, Taiwan, Dongyang, Wucheng, Qiuyi, to the, the second room, Meng, Yun, Tang Fu, Gai, Ai, Jibao, Mi, Yanyan Ling and other 20. During the Warring States period, the domain of the fiefdoms have been annexed by Qi and Chu, to the end of the Warring States period, the south belongs to Chu, the north belongs to Qi.
After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, the local county system was implemented, and the country was divided into 36 counties, with Linyi belonging to Langya County and Tantan County. During the Western Han Dynasty, the counties were parallel. Linyi was divided into Luangya County, Donghai County, Chengyang County in Xuzhou and Taishan County in Yanzhou. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Linyi belonged to Licheng County, Donghai County, Luangya County and Luangya State in Xuzhou and Taishan County, Dongguan County, Dong'an County and Chengyang State in Yanzhou. During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to the state of Wei. At the end of the Wei period, it belonged to Donghai State, Langya State, Dongguan County and Taishan County. During the Western Jin Dynasty, it belonged to the Luangya State of Xuzhou, Donghai County, Lanling County, Dongguan County, and Taishan County of Yanzhou. After the southward transition of the Jin Dynasty, the area belonged to the Later Zhao, Eastern Jin, Former Yan, Later Yan, Southern Yan, Former Qin and Northern Wei.
Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty set up South Donghai County, South Langya County, South Dongping County and South Lanling County in Jiangxian County. South Langya County is located in Jincheng, Jiangxian County. Jincheng was built for the Three Kingdoms Dongwu. It is recorded in the "Three Kingdoms Records - Wu Book - Sun He's Biography" that in December of the second year of Bao Ding (267), "Hao slept outside of Jincheng." In the first year of Emperor Cheng's Xiankang (335), Huan Wen was appointed as the internal historian of South Luangya County, and he went out of the town of Jincheng in Jiangshi County, requesting to cut off the territory of Jiangshi County in Danyang County to set up a county. Soon, the South Luangya County formally in the Jiangxian County, Jiangxian County was subordinate to the South Luangya County. In the seventh year of Xiankang (341), Linyi County was established in the west of Jiangshang County. Southern Qi Yongming six years (488 years), Emperor Wu thought that Jiangxian County, white base (located in today's Nanjing Central Gate outside the north mesa) according to the mountains with the river, will be the South Luangya County, the rule of the city from the gold to the white base, the name of the white city. Chen Taijian ten years (578 years) abolished South Langya County, set Jianxing County.
During the Sui Dynasty, it belonged to Yizhou (Luangya County), Sizhou (Xiapi County), Mizhou (Gaomi County), Haizhou (Donghai County), and Xuzhou (Pengcheng County). During the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Yizhou (Luangya County), Mizhou (Gaomi County) and Xuzhou (Pengcheng County). During the Song Dynasty, it belonged to Yizhou (Luangya County), Mizhou (Gaomi County), and Huai County. After the southward transition of the Song Dynasty, it belonged to Yizhou, Juzhou, Pizhou, and Tai'an Prefecture on the east road of Shandong in the Jin Dynasty. During the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to the Yidu Road of the Xuanwu Si of Shandong East and West Roads of the Zhongshu Province. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Yanzhou Prefecture and Qingzhou Prefecture, both of which were part of the Shandong Prefectures. In the early Qing Dynasty, Yizhou was elevated to the status of a prefecture in the 12th year of the Yongzheng reign (1734), with the addition of Lanshan County, and the demotion of Juzhou to the status of an unincorporated prefecture. It is part of the Yizhou Prefecture. There are six counties and one prefecture, namely Lanshan, Tancheng, Feixian, Yishui, Mengyin, Rizhao and Juzhou.
After the founding of the Republic of China, the government was abolished and the state was abolished, and a three-tiered system of province, province and county was implemented. 1913, the Yizhou Prefecture was abolished, and the Juzhou Prefecture was changed to Ju County. 1914, Shandong Province was divided into four provinces, and the Lanshan Prefecture was changed to Linyi County, with Linyi belonging to the Jining Prefecture and the Jiaodong Prefecture, and was abolished in 1918. 1925, the new Luangya Prefecture was established in 1925, and the prefecture was the whole territory of the old Yizhou Prefecture, with the seat of the prefectural government in Linyi County. 1928, the Luangya Prefecture was abolished, and all counties were directly under the province. In 1928, Luangya Road was abolished, and the counties were directly under the province. 1936, the third district of Shandong Province, the Commissioner of Administrative Inspection Office. During the Anti-Japanese War, Linyi was defended by Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun, who fought against the Japanese army for more than 40 days. 1,444 Japanese soldiers were killed and 5,268 were wounded between mid-February and mid-April 1938, most of whom were killed or wounded in the Battle of Linyi. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) created anti-Japanese bases here, and in August 1940, the Shandong Province Wartime Work Implementation Committee was established in Qingmosi, Yinan County, which was changed to the Shandong Province Wartime Administrative Committee in September 1943, and the Shandong Provincial Government was established in August 1945 in Dadian Township, Jounan County.
In July 1948, the three administrative districts of Luzhong, Lunan and Binhai were merged to form the Luzhongnan Administrative District, and the Luzhongnan Administrative Office was set up (stationed in the city of Linyi), with 7 prefectures and 49 counties under its jurisdiction. Until October 1, 1949, Linyi was divided into Yimeng Prefecture, Nishan Prefecture, Tai Zao Prefecture and Binhai Prefecture. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the administrative division was adjusted, and in May 1950, the Central-South Lu Administrative Region was abolished. Based on Yimeng Prefecture, Yishui Prefecture was established with 9 counties under its jurisdiction. In January 1953, Ganyu, Donghai, Pixian and Xinhai, which were originally part of Linyi Prefecture, were transferred to Jiangsu Province. in July 1953, Yishui Prefecture was abolished, and all the counties under its jurisdiction were transferred to Linyi Prefecture except Rizhao County, which was transferred to Jiaozhou Prefecture, and at the same time Pingyi County, which had originally been transferred to Tengxian Prefecture, was transferred back to Linyi Prefecture. in March 1956, Rizhao County was transferred to Linyi Prefecture. In March 1956, Rizhao County was transferred to Linyi Prefecture. In March 1956, Rizhao County was transferred to Linyi Prefecture. By April 1961, Linyi Prefecture had jurisdiction over Linyi City, Tancheng, Cangshan, Linshu, Junan, Yinan, Yishui, Yiyuan, Mengyin, Pingyi, Feixian, Rizhao, and Juxian, a city and 12 counties. on March 22, 1985, Rizhao County and Shishu Office were abolished and Rizhao City was changed to county level. on June 12, 1989, Rizhao City was upgraded to a prefecture-level city. on December 2, 1989, Yiyuan County was transferred to the city of Zibo. on January 1992, Ju County was transferred to the city of Zibo. In January 1992, Ju County was transferred to Rizhao City. So far, Linyi area jurisdiction Linyi City, Tancheng, Cangshan, Junan, Yishui, Mengyin, Pingyi, Feixian, Yinan, Linshu 1 city and 9 counties. in December 1994, the abolition of Linyi area and county-level Linyi City, the establishment of prefecture-level Linyi City. The former Linyi City was divided into three county-level districts, namely Lanshan, Hedong and Luozhuang. Prefecture-level Linyi City governs 3 districts, Lanshan, Luozhuang and Hedong, and 9 counties, Tancheng, Cangshan, Junan, Yishui, Yinan, Pingyi, Feixian, Mengyin and Linshu. On January 21, 2014, Cangshan County was renamed Lanling County.
| Map | ||
|---|---|---|
| Subdivision | Chinese | Pinyin |
| Lanshan District | 兰山区 | Lánshān Qū |
| Luozhuang District | 罗庄区 | Luózhuāng Qū |
| Hedong District | 河东区 | Hédōng Qū |
| Yinan County | 沂南县 | Yínán Xiàn |
| Tancheng County | 郯城县 | Tánchéng Xiàn |
| Yishui County | 沂水县 | Yíshuǐ Xiàn |
| Lanling County | 兰陵县 | Lánlíng Xiàn |
| Fei County | 费县 | Fèixiàn |
| Pingyi County | 平邑县 | Píngyì Xiàn |
| Junan County | 莒南县 | Jǔnán Xiàn |
| Mengyin County | 蒙阴县 | Méngyīn Xiàn |
| Linshu County | 临沭县 | Línshù Xiàn |
The city is further divided into 181 township-level divisions.
Modern developments
Linyi has a history of 2400 years. It is home to many historical figures, notably Zhuge Liang and Wang Xizhi. In 1972, the Sun Tzu's Art of War was first discovered here,[4][5] along with other classics on hand written bamboo slips. Sun Tzu's Art of War is currently in display at Shandong Provincial museum.
On July 25, 1668, an earthquake that had an estimated magnitude of Ms 8.5,[6] occurred just northeast of Linyi, making it the largest historical earthquake in Eastern China,[7] and one of the largest in the world on land. In Linyi, no house was left standing, and black water was said to emerge from ground fissures that opened up after the earthquake.[8]
In the spring of 1938, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the city was the scene of fierce fighting between Chinese and Japanese troops. The civilians were encouraged by army victory in the Battle of Tai'erzhuang, which was nearby, defended Linyi fiercely, but Japanese soldiers breached the walls on April 19, 1938. The defenders withdrew the next day to another contested area 49 kilometers away.
In 1946, during the Chinese Civil War, the CCP Directorate General of Shandong Wartime Posts was moved from the Yimeng Mountains to Linyi and renamed the Shandong Provincial Postal Administration.[9]
After the People's Republic of China was founded in October 1949, the administrative division was adjusted.
In 2005, Linyi drew international attention as a center of human rights abuses related to the enforcement of China's controversial family planning policies. Following widespread allegations of violence and coercion in excess of Chinese law, local human rights defender Chen Guangcheng filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of the victims. The local Chinese courts refused to hear the case and imprisoned Chen Guangcheng on charges of fomenting state resistance.[10] Due in part to the severity and scope of these abuses Linyi has been used by activists to criticize China's violation of women's rights.[11]
Geography
Linyi is in the south of Shandong province, not far from the ports of Rizhao, Lanshan District, Rizhao and Lianyungang. It is along the G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway as well as the Eurasian Land Bridge. The urban area lies on mostly flat land that gives way to more rugged terrain in the west and northwest of the city's administrative area, which covers 17,184 km2 (6,635 sq mi).
Climate
Linyi has a monsoon-influenced climate with generous summer precipitation, cold, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Under the Köppen climate classification, it is in the transition from the humid subtropical zone (Cwa) to the humid continental zone (Dwa), though favouring the former. More than half of the annual precipitation of 833 mm (32.8 in) falls in July and August alone, and the frost-free period is above 200 days.
| Climate data for Linyi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.8 (62.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
28.1 (82.6) |
33.0 (91.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.1 (100.6) |
41.6 (106.9) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.8 (96.4) |
33.8 (92.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
41.6 (106.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
8.1 (46.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
29.7 (85.5) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
19.4 (67.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
2.6 (36.7) |
8.0 (46.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
20.4 (68.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.7 (80.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
1.9 (35.4) |
14.2 (57.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
15.1 (59.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.3 (8.1) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11.9 (0.47) |
16.3 (0.64) |
23.6 (0.93) |
36.5 (1.44) |
76.9 (3.03) |
85.8 (3.38) |
241.4 (9.50) |
239.0 (9.41) |
70.8 (2.79) |
33.0 (1.30) |
32.4 (1.28) |
14.1 (0.56) |
881.7 (34.73) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 13.0 | 12.4 | 7.1 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 80.8 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 10.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 60 | 57 | 58 | 63 | 69 | 81 | 81 | 74 | 67 | 66 | 63 | 67 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 154.4 | 155.8 | 197.6 | 218.2 | 234.9 | 199.1 | 175.6 | 181.4 | 182.2 | 186.3 | 158.9 | 156.5 | 2,200.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 49 | 50 | 53 | 55 | 54 | 46 | 40 | 44 | 50 | 54 | 52 | 52 | 50 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[12][13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[14] | |||||||||||||
Economy
Linyi's economy is based around its wholesale markets.[15] The Linyi Wholesale City is ranked 3rd in its category in China with an annual trade volume of 40 billion RMB (~US$5 billion). The Linyi prefecture has developed more than 1,500 specialized villages, over 80 specialized towns and nearly 800 industrialized agricultural enterprises.
In 2014 the prefecture's GDP was 369 billion RMB. Main industrial products are: textiles, foodstuffs, machinery, electronics, chemicals, building materials, coal, medicines, gold and porcelain. Machinery is exported to Europe, the Americas and south-east Asia. Linyi prefecture has an annual capacity of three million tons of compound fertilizers.
The city is served by Linyi Qiyang Airport.
Notable people
- Xunzi (312–230 BCE), philosopher
- Wang Xiang (185–269), Eastern Han Dynasty politician, famous for his fillial piety
- Wang Xizhi (303–361), Eastern Jin Dynasty calligrapher
- Zhuge Liang (181–234), statesman and strategist
- He Chengtian (370–447), astronomer, calendarist and mathematician
- Gui Guzi, military strategist, teacher of renowned Warring States generals Sun Bin and Pang Juan
- Zuo Baogui (1837–1894), general of the Qing Dynasty
- Xue Qikun (1963), physicist specializing in condensed matter physics
Population and residence
Demographics
According to the seventh national census in 2020, the city's resident population was 11,018,400, accounting for 10.85% of the province's population, ranking first in the province. The sex ratio of the population is 104.66%, and the proportion of elderly people aged 65 and above is 14.12%. Compared with the Sixth National Census, there was an increase of 979,000 people in ten years, an increase of 9.75%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.93%, which is higher than that of the whole province and the whole country by 0.4 and 0.35 percentage points respectively. There are 3.9 million family households and 10.666 million people living in the city. The city's resident population in the municipal districts was 3.652 million, accounting for 33.14% of the city's resident population, an increase of 5.8 percentage points from 2010, while the resident population in the nine counties was 7.366 million, accounting for 66.86% of the city's resident population. The male population was 5.634 million, accounting for 51.14%; the female population was 5.384 million, accounting for 48.86%. The sex ratio of the population was 104.66, 0.41 percentage points lower than that of the whole country, and 1.28 percentage points higher than that of 2010. 2.585 million people, or 23.46%, were aged 0-14; 6.27 million, or 56.91%, were aged 15-59; and 2.163 million, or 19.63%, were aged 60 and above, with 1.555 million, or 14.6%, being aged 65 and above. The population aged 65 and above was 1.555 million, accounting for 14.12%. Compared with 2010, the proportion of the population aged 0-14 years rose by 5.33 percentage points, 5.51 and 4.68 percentage points above the national and provincial averages, while the proportion of the population aged 15-59 years fell by 10.61 percentage points.
Ethnic groups
There are 53 ethnic groups in Linyi, mainly Han Chinese, with 10,608,800 people, accounting for 99.45% of the resident population; 52 ethnic minorities, with a population of 58,300 people, accounting for 0.55% of the resident population, with the Hui ethnic group being the most numerous, with 46,800 people, accounting for 0.44% of the resident population, and other ethnic minorities, with 11,500 people, accounting for 0.11% of the resident population.
Medical care
As of 2022, there are 5 more well-known hospitals in Linyi.
- Linyi People's Hospital（Linyi First People's Hospital）：Formerly known as the American Church Hospital, it was founded in 1891. It is one of the first three provincial-level regional medical centers in Shandong Province, as well as the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the National Postdoctoral Research Station, the National Standardized Training Base for Residents, the National Advanced Stroke Prevention and Treatment Base, and the National Training Base for Clinical Pharmacists.
- Linyi City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine：Located at No.211 Jiefang Road, Lanshan District, Linyi City, Shandong Province, Linyi City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMH) was founded in 1976, covering an area of 78 acres, with a total construction area of 133,000 square meters, it is a Chinese tertiary TCM hospital integrating medical treatment, emergency treatment, rehabilitation, scientific research, teaching and technical guidance.
- Linyi Maternal and Child Health Center：Formerly known as Linyi Children's Hospital, it was founded in 1986.
- Linyi Second People's Hospital：Linyi Yishui Central Hospital, founded in February 1945, is a municipal institution in Linyi, also known as Linyi Second People's Hospital.
- Linyi Cancer Hospital：Formerly known as the Tumor Ward of Linyi Regional People's Hospital, it became independent as Linyi Regional Tumor Institute in 1972.
Cultural attractions
Linyi's focal point is the People's Square (Renmin Guangchang). It was built in the early 1990s on the site of an old army barracks. It is about 500 metres (1,600 ft) east-west, and about 300 m (980 ft) north-south. Underneath it is a shopping centre and entertainment facilities.
Just north of the city centre is a park dedicated to Wang Xizhi. For a small entrance fee tourists can enjoy a pleasant walk and try Chinese calligraphy.
Near the center of Linyi city is a museum which houses some original bamboo strips from the Warring States period.
One of the pocket parks in Lanshan District, Linyi City, Shandong Province: Langya Garden, located on the east side of South Road at the intersection of Linxi 11th Road and Blossom River South Street, which covers an area of about 957 square meters.
Linyi Water Rhythm Langya is a water recreation attraction completed in September 2022.
Linyi New Langya Nocturnal City is a commercial and cultural street to be built in Linyi around 2022. With performances and ancient buildings inside, every part of this place is a landmark in Linyi.
See also
References
- ↑ 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ↑ "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ↑ "临沂市第七次全国人口普查公报（Bulletin of the Seventh National Census of Linyi）" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2022-01-17. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
- ↑ "Yinqueshan Han Bamboo Slips" (in Chinese). Shandong Provincial Museum. 24 April 2008. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013.
- ↑ Jonathan Clements (21 June 2012). The Art of War: A New Translation. Constable & Robinson Ltd. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-1-78033-131-7.
- ↑ "25 July 1668 Tancheng (Shandong)". Global Historical Earthquake Archive. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ↑ Zhou, C., Diao, G., Geng, J. et al. Fault plane parameters of Tancheng M8½ earthquake on the basis of present-day seismological data. Earthq Sci 23, 567–576 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11589-010-0756-0
- ↑ "CHINA: SHANDONG PROVINCE". NGDC. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ↑ The Postage Stamp Catalogue of the Chinese People's Revolutionary War Period, published by the China Postage Stamp Museum
- ↑ Pan, Philip P. (July 8, 2006). "Chinese to Prosecute Peasant Who Resisted One-Child Policy". Washington Post. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
- ↑ "Transcript: An Evaluation of 30 Years of the One-Child Policy in China" (PDF). Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
- ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ↑ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ↑ "临沂 - 气象数据 -中国天气网".
- ↑ From a booklet compiled by the Linyi Municipal People's Government (2003)
External links
- Government website of Linyi (in Chinese and English)
