Assassinations which took place on the continent of Europe include the following.

For the purposes of this article, an assassination is defined as the deliberate, premeditated murder of a prominent figure, often for religious or political reasons.

Albania

Austria

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1913 Franz Schuhmeier, socialist member of the Reichsrat Paul Kunschak
1916 Count Karl von Stürgkh, Minister-President of Austria Friedrich Adler Assassinated by Social Democratic politician in protest of World War I
1925 Hugo Bettauer, journalist and writer, critic of antisemitism Otto Rothstock, Austrian Nazi Party member
1934 Engelbert Dollfuss, Chancellor of Austria[1] Paul Hudl, Otto Planetta and other Austrian Nazis Part of a failed coup d'état, the July Putsch.
1936 Moritz Schlick, German philosopher Johann Nelböck, student Shot at the University of Vienna
1975 Daniş Tunalıgil, Turkish ambassador Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
1987 Hamid Reza Chitgar, exiled Iranian politician Agents of the Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran
1989 Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, dissident Kurdish Iranian political leader Intelligence operatives of the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence led by Mohammad Jafar Sahraroudi Killed in Vienna during negotiations
2009 Umar Israilov, Former bodyguard of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov Chechen criminal group, ordered by Ramzan Kadyrov

Belarus

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1943 Wilhelm Kube, German Nazi Generalkommissar for Weissruthenien (Belarus) Yelena Mazanik, a Soviet partisan Killed in Minsk during the Second World War
1948 Solomon Mikhoels, Chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee[2] Police officers, led by Sergei Ogoltsov Ordered by Joseph Stalin

Belgium

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1127 Charles I, Count of Flanders Hacked to death by knights with broadswoards in St. Donatian's Cathedral
1950 Julien Lahaut, chairman of the Communist Party of Belgium Belgian royalists Shot in his home town of Seraing.
1971 Maximiliano Gómez, Dominican communist leader Poisoned by his lover in Brussels.
1990 Gerald Bull, Canadian developer of the Martlet cannon Shot outside his apartment in Brussels. Believed to have been assassinated by the Mossad for his work on the Project Babylon "supergun" in Ba'athist Iraq
1991 André Cools, former President of the Walloon Council, former Chairman of the Socialist Party and Minister of State Killed in Liège.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1415 Pavle Radinović, nobleman Sandalj Hranić, Vukmir Zlatonosović and his men
1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie Gavrilo Princip Assassinated by the Serbian nationalist organization the Black Hand in Sarajevo. This assassination played a role in starting World War I[1]
1993 Hakija Turajlić, deputy prime minister Army of Republika Srpska Killed at a roadblock while under UNPROFOR escort during the Bosnian War

Bulgaria

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1196 Ivan Asen I, Tsar of Bulgaria Ivanko
1895 Stefan Stambolov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria Died in Sofia after being stabbed.
1907 Dimitar Petkov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria Killed in Sofia by an anarchist.
1923 Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Prime Minister of Bulgaria Killed in his home town of Slavovitsa during the 9 June coup d'état
1925 Stefan Nerezov, former Chief of the General Staff Was among 150 killed in the Saint Nedelya Church bombing
1943 Hristo Lukov, military officer, former Minister of War and leader of the far-right Union of Bulgarian National Legions Violeta Yakova Killed by the Bulgarian Resistance in Sofia.
1995 Vasil Iliev, insurance boss and owner of "VIS-2", former wrestler Shot while being driven in Sofia.
1996 Andrey Lukanov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria[3] Shot outside his apartment in Sofia.
2003 Iliya Pavlov, president of Multigroup corporation and the wealthiest man in Bulgaria, former wrestler Shot outside his office in Sofia.
2005 Georgi Iliev, football club owner, brother of the assassinated Vasil Iliev Shot in a restaurant in Sunny Beach.
2005 Emil Kyulev, banker, ex-professional swimmer, voted Mr. Economics in Bulgaria for 2002 Shot while driving along Bulgaria Boulevard, Sofia.
2006 Ivan "Doktora" Todorov, businessman accused of smuggling
2008 Borislav Georgiev, CEO of "Atomenergoremont" nuclear plant repair company

Croatia

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
480 Julius Nepos, Roman emperor Assassinated near Salona (modern Solin).
1931 Milan Šufflay, nationalist writer
1933 Josip Predavec, politician and vice-president of the Croatian Peasant Party
1991 Ante Paradžik, politician and founder of the Croatian Party of Rights
2008 Ivo Pukanić, journalist See Assassination of Ivo Pukanić

Cyprus

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1970 Polykarpos Giorkatzis, government minister Shot in Mia Milia
1974 Rodger Paul Davies, United States Ambassador to Cyprus Killed by EOKA B sniper fire during an anti-American demonstration in Nicosia denouncing the Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Czech Republic

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
921 Saint Ludmila, wife of Duke Bořivoj, grandmother of Duke Václav I Tunna and Gomon Strangled by Viking warriors hired by Ludmila's daughter-in-law Drahomíra I.
935 Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (Saint Wenceslaus) Stabbed to death in Stará Boleslav by noblemen affiliated with Boleslaus I
1306 Wenceslaus III, King of Bohemia Killed in Olomouc.
1634 Albrecht von Wallenstein, Bohemian Generalissimo during the Thirty Years' War Walter Devereux Stabbed to death in Cheb.
1923 Alois Rašín, Finance Minister of Czechoslovakia Josef Šoupal Shot in Prague.
1923 Rayko Daskalov, Bulgarian politician and former cabinet minister Yordan Tsitsonkov Shot by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization in Prague
1927 Ceno Kryeziu, Albanian ambassador to Czechoslovakia Alqiviadh Bebi Shot in Prague.
1942 Reinhard Heydrich, General in the Nazi German Schutzstaffel, major organizer of the Holocaust and governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Jan Kubiš, Jozef Gabčík Died after being wounded by a bomb thrown at him as he was being driven through Libeň near Prague, as part of Operation Anthropoid organized by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile and the British Special Operations Executive. The Lidice Massacre followed as retribution by the Nazis. A legend has it that he deliberately put the Crown of Bohemia on his head beforehand, meaning an untimely death.
2006 František Mrázek, controversial entrepreneur Shot in the heart by a sniper

Denmark

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1086 Canute IV, King of Denmark Killed in a peasant revolt
1286 Erik V Klipping, King of Denmark Killed in a conspiracy by members of the nobility

Estonia

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1924 Jaak Nanilson, member of the Riigikogu Unknown (suspects were acquitted due to lack of evidence) The assassination was endorsed by local pro-communist MPs and in the Soviet media
1924 Karl Kark, Minister of Transportation Shot by communist insurgents during the 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt.
1930 Johan Unt, military major-general Unknown

Finland

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1904 Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland Eugen Schauman Killed by a Finnish nationalist for implementing Russification in Finland. Happens on day described in James Joyce's novel Ulysses, is briefly mentioned in the book.
1905 Eliel Soisalon-Soininen, Chancellor of Justice Lennart Hohenthal Shot in his apartment in Helsinki.
1911 Valde Hirvikanta, President of the Turku Court of Appeal Bruno Forsström
1922 Heikki Ritavuori, Minister of the Interior Ernst Tandefelt Shot at his home in Helsinki.

France

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1354 Charles d'Espagne, constable of France Jean de Soult
1358 Étienne Marcel, Parisian merchant
1407 Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans
1419 John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy Tanneguy du Chastel and Jean Louvet Killed during a parley with the Dauphin (the future Charles VII of France)
1572 Gaspard de Coligny Besme Killed during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1589 Henri III, King of France Jacques Clément Killed due to religious-political antagonism.
1610 Henri IV, King of France François Ravaillac Killed due to religious-political antagonism.
1617 Concino Concini, chief minister to King Louis XIII
1789 Jacques de Flesselles, Provost of Paris
1793 Jean-Paul Marat, revolutionary Charlotte Corday Stabbed in his bathtub. Later seen as a patriotic act.
1820 Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, younger son of the future King Charles X Louis Pierre Louvel
1894 Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France Sante Geronimo Caserio, anarchist Stabbed to death after a speech in Lyon.
1902 Emile Zola, novelist and journalist Possibly killed in relation to the Dreyfus Affair and his publishing of his letter J'Accuse…!
1914 Jean Jaurès, Socialist politician and pacifist[4] Raoul Villain Killed in Paris. The assassin was tried and acquitted in 1919.
1920 Esat Toptani, former Prime Minister of Albania Avni Rustemi
1926 Symon Petlyura, exiled President of Ukraine Sholom Schwartzbard Killed in Paris. The jury acquitted the murderer.[5]
1930 Noe Ramishvili, former Prime Minister of Georgia Cheka agents Killed in Paris
1932 Paul Doumer, President of France Paul Gorguloff Shot by a Russian emigre at a book fair at the Hôtel Salomon de Rothschild in Paris.[1]
1934 Alexander I of Yugoslavia, king of Yugoslavia Vlado Chernozemski, member of the IMRO Killed in Marseille during a state visit.[6]
1938 Ernst vom Rath, German diplomat Herschel Grynszpan Killed in Paris. His murder was used as an excuse by the Nazis to commit the Kristallnacht in Germany
1941 Marx Dormoy, socialist and former Interior Minister of France Killed by a bomb believed to have been placed by the far-right organization La Cagoule
1944 Constant Chevillon, head of FUDOFSI Killed by the Gestapo in Lyon
1944 Philippe Henriot, State secretary for Information and Propaganda of Vichy France Killed by French resistants in Paris
1944 Georges Mandel, former radical-socialist Interior Minister and French resistant Killed by miliciens in the forest of Fontainebleau
1944 Eugène Deloncle, milicien and former leader of clandestine far-right organisation La Cagoule Killed by the Gestapo
1961 Camille Blanc, Mayor of Évian-les-Bains Organisation armée secrète Killed for hosting negotiations between the French government and the FLN
1965 Mehdi Ben Barka, Moroccan socialist leader and Third-World Tricontinental leader Disappeared in Paris
1972 Mahmoud Hamshari, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) representative in Paris Mossad, Israeli Secret Service Killed in his apartment by a bomb planted in his telephone as he answered a call in retribution for Munich Massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics, the second of a number of attacks pursuant to Operation Wrath of God.
1973 Outel Bono, Chadian medical doctor and critic of Chadian President François Tombalbaye Shot while climbing into his car in Paris.
1973 Basil al-Kubaissi, professor and member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Mossad Shot dead
1973 Mohammad Boudia, Algerian-born director of operations for Black September in France Mossad Killed in Paris by a pressure-activated bomb packed with heavy nuts and bolts placed under his car seat as part of Operation Wrath of God.
1975 İsmail Erez, Turkish ambassador to France Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
1976 Jean de Broglie, former minister and one of the French negotiators of the Évian Accords
1978 François Duprat, neofascist writer Jewish Remembrance commando
1978 Henri Curiel, Egyptian-born anticolonialist activist Shot in Paris
1978 Bruno Bušić, dissident Croatian/Yugoslav writer Yugoslav secret police
1978 José Miguel Beñaran Ordeñana "Argala", Basque leader Killed by a bomb in Anglet, allegedly planted by the Batallón Vasco Español.
1978 Ezzedin Kalak, chief of the PLO's Paris bureau Killed in his Paris office alongside his deputy Hamad Adnan in the Arab League building
1979 Pierre Goldman, left-wing activist Shot in Paris
1979 Robert Boulin, Minister of Labor Officially suicide, but a lot of anomalies revealed since.
1979 Zuhair Muhsin, leader of the As-Sa'iqa faction within the PLO
1979 Shahriar Shafiq, Imperial Iranian Navy Captain Shot on the Rue Pergolese in Paris
1980 Joseph Fontanet, former Education Minister Killed in Paris.
1980 Salah al-Din Bitar, exiled former Prime Minister of Syria Killed in Paris.
1980 Yehia El-Mashad, Egyptian atomic scientist Shot at the Le Méridien hotel in Paris.
1982 Jean-Pierre Maïone-Libaude, right-wing activist and criminal Shot at Argent-sur-Sauldre soon after being released from prison.
1982 Fadl Dani, deputy director of the PLO office in Paris Mossad Killed in Paris by a car bomb as part of Operation Wrath of God.
1982 Yaakov Barsimantov, Israeli diplomat, Mossad agent Jacqueline Esber a.k.a. Rima, member of the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions Shot in the lobby of his home in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
1985 René Audran, senior official of the Ministry of Defence Action directe Shot in Paris
1986 Georges Besse, Renault executive Shot while emerging from his car in Paris by far-left activists of Action directe
1988 Dulcie September, African National Congress representative Killed in Paris
1990 Joseph Doucé, activist for sexual minorities Corpse found in Rambouillet forest; murder remains unsolved
1991 Shapour Bakhtiar, exiled former Prime Minister of Iran Stabbed to death at his residence in Suresnes along with his secretary.
1992 Atef Bseiso, Palestine Liberation Organization head of intelligence Mossad Killed in Paris
1995 Abdelbaki Sahraoui, co-founder of the Algerian Islamic Salvation Front Killed in Paris.
1998 Claude Érignac, prefect of Corsica Yvan Colonna Shot in Ajaccio by a Corsican nationalist.
2013 Sakine Cansız, Fidan Doğan and Leyla Söylemez, Kurdish nationalists Shot at Rue La Fayette in Paris.
2015 Cabu, Elsa Cayat, Charb, Philippe Honoré, Bernard Maris, Mustapha Ourrad, Tignous and Georges Wolinski, cartoonists working for Charlie Hebdo Chérif and Saïd Kouachi See Charlie Hebdo shooting
2016 Jacques Hamel, Roman Catholic priest of Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray Adel Kermiche and Abdel Malik Petitjean Stabbed to death during mass. See 2016 Normandy church attack.

Georgia

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
555 Gubazes II of Lazica, King of Lazica Stabbed by two Byzantine generals
June 19, 1920 Fatali Khan Khoyski, former Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan Aram Yerganian Killed by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation as part of Operation Nemesis due to his role in the Armenian genocide
July 21, 1922 Djemal Pasha, former Ottoman Navy Minister Killed by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation as part of Operation Nemesis
December 3, 1994 Giorgi Chanturia, opposition politician Shot along with his wife by four gunmen in their car
May 20, 2007 Guram Sharadze, historian and nationalist politician Assassinated in Tbilisi

Germany

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
235 Alexander Severus, Roman emperor Killed near Moguntiacum (present-day Mainz) by his troops.
268 Postumus, Gallic emperor Killed in Mainz
268 Laelianus, Gallic emperor Killed in Mainz
997 Adalbert of Prague, Czech Bishop Prussian heathen Tortured to death near the Baltic Sea near present-day Elbląg, Poland
1208 Philipp von Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor Killed in Bamberg
1225 Engelbert I. von Köln, Archbishop of Cologne
1233 Konrad von Marburg, inquisitor
1819 August von Kotzebue, dramatist Karl Ludwig Sand
German Reich (1871–1945)
1919 Rosa Luxemburg, socialist writer Hermann Souchon (ordered by Waldemar Pabst) Shot in Berlin in the wake of the Spartacist uprising
1919 Karl Liebknecht, socialist lawyer and politician Horst von Pflugk-Harttung, Heinrich Stiege, Ulrich von Ritgen and Rudolf Liepmann (ordered by Waldemar Pabst) Shot in Berlin in the wake of the Spartacist uprising
1919 Kurt Eisner, socialist Minister-President of Bavaria Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley Killed in Munich.
1919 Leo Jogiches, Marxist revolutionary Ernst Tamschick, Detective Sergeant of the Prison Moabit Shot in Berlin Prison Moabit
1919 Hugo Haase, socialist politician and leader of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany Johann Voß Died of sepsis from gunshot wounds
1921 Taalat Pasha, former Ottoman Minister of Interior Affairs Soghomon Tehlirian Killed in Berlin in retaliation for his role in the Armenian Genocide
1921 Matthias Erzberger, former Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Minister of Finance Members of Organisation Consul Shot at Bad Griesbach.
1922 Bahattin Şakir, Ottoman suspect in the Armenian Genocide Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1922 Walther Rathenau, Foreign Minister of Germany[4] Ernst Werner Techow, Erwin Kern and Hermann Fischer Shot as he was being driven through Berlin by assassins in another car.
1930 Horst Wessel, Sturmführer of the SS in Berlin Albrecht Höhler Shot at point blank range in Karl-Marx-Allee, Berlin.
1934 Kurt von Schleicher, former Chancellor of Germany SS officers (ordered by Adolf Hitler) Murdered at Babelsberg by the SS during the Night of the Long Knives along with his wife, Elisabeth
1934 Gregor Strasser, politician and former Nazi Party member SS officers Killed in a prison cell in Berlin during the Night of the Long Knives
1934 Erich Klausener, Catholic politician Kurt Gildisch, SS officer Shot at his office in Berlin during the Night of the Long Knives
1934 Ernst Röhm, leader of the Sturmabteilung (SA) Michael Lippert, SS officer Shot in Stadelheim Prison by SS officers during the Night of the Long Knives.
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
1954 Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli, Soviet Army defector and chief of the Azerbaijani desk for Radio Liberty
1957 Lev Rebet, exiled Ukrainian nationalist leader Bohdan Stashynsky, a KGB agent Poisoned by cyanide gas in Munich.
1959 Stepan Bandera, exiled Ukrainian nationalist leader Poisoned by cyanide gas in Munich.
1961 Salah Ben Youssef, Tunisian politician Shot in a hotel in Frankfurt.
1970 Krim Belkacem, exiled former Vice President of Algeria Shot in a hotel in Frankfurt.
1977 Siegfried Buback, Public Prosecutor General of West Germany Red Army Faction members Shot while driving his car near Karlsruhe.
1977 Jürgen Ponto, CEO of Dresdner Bank Killed in Frankfurt.
1977 Hanns-Martin Schleyer, president of the German employers' organization Kidnapped and later killed.
1986 Karl Heinz Beckurts, physicist and research manager. Killed by a bomb near Strasslach in Munich
1989 Alfred Herrhausen, Deutsche Bank CEO Killed by a bicycle bomb as his car passed by in Bad Homburg.
1991 Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, director of Treuhandanstalt for the former East Germany Killed in Düsseldorf.
1992 Sadeq Sharafkandi, Fattah Abdoli, Homayoun Ardalan, Nouri Dehkordi, dissident Kurdish Iranian political leaders Agents of the Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran Killed in Berlin (see Mykonos restaurant assassinations).
1992 Fereydoun Farrokhzad, exiled Iranian cultural figure Agents of the Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran Believed to have been killed as part of the Chain murders of Iran
2019 Walter Lübcke, CDU politician and president of the Regierungsbezirk of Kassel Stephan Ernst Shot outside his home in Istha by a neo-Nazi terrorist
2019 Zelimkhan Khangoshvili, exiled Chechen military commander Vadim Krasikov Shot by an agent of the GRU

Greece

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
514 BC Hipparchus (son of Peisistratos), Tyrant of Athens Harmodius and Aristogeiton
461 BC Ephialtes, leader of the radical democracy movement in Athens
404 BC Alcibiades, Athenian general and politician
October, 336 BC Philip II of Macedon, king of Macedon Pausanias of Orestis Assassinated in the theatre of ancient Aegae (present-day Vergina).
314 BC Alexander, regent of Macedonia Alexion, a Siyconian Killed in Sicyon.
281 BC Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid dynasty Killed near Lysimachia.
251 BC Abantidas, tyrant of Sicyon
192 BC Nabis, Tyrant of Sparta Aetolian League
1831 Ioannis Kapodistrias, first President of Greece Konstantinos Mavromichalis and Georgios Mavromichalis Killed outside Nafplio church in revenge for the imprisonment of the assassins' patriarch Petrobey Mavromichalis. Konstantinos was thrown over a cliff by the citizens of Nafplio while Georgios was executed by firing squad.
1905 Theodoros Deligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece Antonios Gherakaris Stabbed outside the Hellenic Parliament.
1907 Marinos Antypas, socialist politician Killed at Pyrgetos in Thessaly.
1912 Andreas Kopasis, governor of Samos
1913 George I of Greece, King of Greece[3] Alexandros Schinas Shot while walking in Thessaloniki as part of a possible conspiracy.
1948 George Polk, American journalist critical of US aid to rightist Greek government
1963 Grigoris Lambrakis, leader of the anti-fascist movement in Greece Emannouel Emannouilides and Spyro Gotzamanis Killed with a club in Thessaloniki.
1975 Richard Welch, CIA Station Chief Shot as he was being driven through Athens.
1983 George Tsantes; U.S. military attaché in Athens & deputy chief of the Joint United States Military Aid Group to Greece Revolutionary Organization 17 November Killed in Athens.
1988 Hagop Hagopian, leader of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia Killed in Athens.
1988 William Nordeen, U.S. military attaché in Athens Revolutionary Organization 17 November Killed in Athens.
1989 Pavlos Bakoyannis, New Democracy parliamentarian Revolutionary Organization 17 November Shot outside his office in Athens.
2000 Stephen Saunders, Brigadier and British military attaché in Athens Revolutionary Organization 17 November Killed by a motorcycle gunman as he was driving in Athens.
2013 Pavlos "Killah P" Fyssas, musician Giorgos Roupakias Killed by Neo-Nazi organization Golden Dawn
2021 Giorgos Karaivaz, investigative journalist Possibly killed by an organised crime group.[7]

Hungary

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
904 Kurszán, Chieftain of Hungary Forces of Louis the Child
1044 Suspected conspirators against King Samuel Aba[8] Forces loyal to Samuel Aba 50 suspected lords arrested and executed
1044 Samuel Aba,[9] King of Hungary Fled after losing the Battle of Ménfő but was captured and assassinated
1209 Csépán Győr, Palatine of Hungary Tiba Tomaj
1213 Gertrude of Merania, queen consort Group of Hungarian nobles led by Peter, son of Töre Stabbed for her blatant favoritism towards her German kinsmen and courtiers
1272 Béla, Duke of Macsó Henry Kőszegi
1290 Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary Three Cumans – Árbóc, Törtel and Kemence
1311 Amadeus Aba, Oligarch Residents of Košice
1386 Charles III, King of Naples[10][11] Balazs Forgach, Elisabeth of Bosnia, Nador Garai Charles (II of Hungary, III of Naples) deadly wounded and died some days later.[12]
1386 Elisabeth of Bosnia, Queen of Hungary[13] John Horvat
1397 Stephen II Lackfi, lord[14] Hermann I of Celje Assassinated on the orders of the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund
1456 Ulrich II, Count of Celje[15][16] Forces of Ladislaus Hunyadi
1534 Imre Czibak,[17] Bishop of Varad Lodovico Gritti
1551 George Martinuzzi, Governor of Transylvania Marco Aurelio Ferrari
1613 Gabriel Báthory, Prince of Transylvania Hajduks Killed after he was accused of planning to hand over Várad (now Oradea) to the Ottomans
1661 Ákos Barcsay, Prince of Transylvania Janos Kemeny
1918 István Tisza, Prime Minister of Hungary[4] Assassinated by soldiers

Iceland

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1241 Snorri Sturluson, historian and politician Gissur Þorvaldsson

Ireland

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1186 Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath Gilla-Gan-Mathiar O'Maidhaigh Durrow, County Offaly
1189 Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht Manus mac Flann Ua Finaghty, Aodh mac Brian, Muircheartach mac Cathal mac Dermot mac Tadhg, Giolla na Naomh Ua Mulvihill Assassination instigated by Conchobar ua nDiarmata, a rival for the title of King of Connacht. The victim's son Cathal Carragh Ua Conchobair later killed Conchobar ua nDiarmata in revenge.
1882 Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish, Chief Secretary for Ireland Irish National Invincibles
1920 Tomás Mac Curtain, Lord Mayor of Cork Auxiliaries and RIC men Shot in his home by a group of masked men, likely members of the Royal Irish Constabulary.
1920 Cairo Gang Irish Republican Army 12 British intelligence agents, assassinated on the morning of 21 November 1920 in coordinated attacks.
1922 Seán Hales, Pro-Treaty Sinn Féin Teachta Dála Anti-Treaty IRA Killed as he left Dáil Éireann; fellow TD Pádraic Ó Máille was injured in the same attack, which was in reprisal against executions of anti-Treaty prisoners
1922 Michael Collins, Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State Anti-Treaty IRA Ambushed outside Cork
1927 Kevin O'Higgins, Minister of Home Affairs and Justice of the Irish Free State[4] Timothy Coughlin, Bill Gannon and Archie Doyle Killed while on his way to Mass by three anti-Treaty members of the IRA.
1932 Patrick Reynolds, Cumann na nGaedheal TD Joseph Leddy Shot dead during the 1932 election campaign by an ex-RIC policeman who had a personal grudge against him.[18][19]
1936 Henry Boyle Townshend Somerville, Vice Admiral in the Royal Navy Anti-Treaty IRA Assassinated for providing assistance to Royal Navy recruits.
1976 Christopher Ewart-Biggs, British ambassador to Ireland IRA Killed by a land mine
1979 Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Royal Navy Admiral of the Fleet, last Viceroy of India[3] IRA Killed by a bomb on board his boat along with three other people, including his grandson.
1991 Eddie Fullerton, Sinn Féin county councillor Ulster Defence Association Shot at his home in Buncrana
1994 Dominic McGlinchey, Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) leader Shot 14 times while making a call in a phone box.
1996 Veronica Guerin, journalist Shot in a contract killing for her reporting on organized crime

Italy

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
748 BC Titus Tatius, Sabine King Killed in Rome.
579 BC Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, Etruscan king of Rome Killed in Rome by the sons of Ancus Marcius.
554 BC Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigento Killed in an uprising led by Telemachus (Acragas) Killed in Sicily. Said to be burned in his own brazen bull.
534 BC Servius Tullius, Etruscan king of Rome Tarquin II Killed in Rome.
439 BC Spurius Maelius, wealthy Roman plebeian Gaius Servilius Ahala
354 BC Dion of Syracuse, tyrant of Syracuse Calippus of Syracuse Killed in Sicily
352 BC Calippus of Syracuse, tyrant of Syracuse revolting mercenaries led by Leptines II and Polyperchon reputedly was stabbed to death with the same sword he assassinated Dion less than two years earlier.
133 BC Tiberius Gracchus, Roman tribune Killed in Rome by Roman senators.
91 BC Marcus Livius Drusus, Roman tribune Resulted in the Social War.
44 BC Julius Caesar, Roman general and dictator Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, and other members of the Roman Senate Resulted in a series of civil wars and indirectly in the end of the Roman Republic.
43 BC Cicero, Roman orator Killed near Formiae under orders from Mark Antony and with the approval of the Second Triumvirate.
41 Caligula, Roman Emperor Cassius Chaerea, Marcus Vinicius, Lucius Annius Vinicianus, members of the Praetorian Guard, and others
54 Claudius, Roman Emperor Uncertain, reputed to be Agrippina the Younger on behalf of Nero Rumored to be killed by poison mushrooms supplied by Locusta.
62 Claudia Octavia, Roman Empress Nero Executed on the orders of Nero on the island of Pandateria off the coast of Italy in an attempt to quell the public outcry of their divorce.
69 Vitellius, Roman Emperor Killed in Rome by the Flavian army.
69 Galba, Roman Emperor Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders from Otho.
96 Domitian, Roman Emperor Stephanus, steward to Julia Flavia Killed in Rome
192 Commodus, Roman Emperor Narcissus, wrestler Killed in Rome
193 Pertinax, Roman Emperor Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard.
193 Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard.
212 Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor Killed in Rome by centurions under orders of Caracalla.
217 Caracalla, Roman Emperor Martialis Killed between Edessa and Carrhae (modern-day Sanli Urfa and Harran), possibly under orders of Macrinus.
222 Elagabalus, Roman Emperor Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders of Julia Maesa and Julia Mamaea.
238 Maximinus Thrax, Roman Emperor Killed outside Aquileia by his troops.
238 Pupienus, Roman Emperor Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard. See Year of the Six Emperors.
238 Balbinus, Roman Emperor Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard. See Year of the Six Emperors.
253 Volusianus, Roman Emperor Killed near Interamna by his troops
253 Trebonianus Gallus, Roman Emperor Killed near Interamna by his troops
275 Aurelian, Roman Emperor Mucapor and members of the Praetorian Guard Killed near Caenophrurium (modern-day Corlu)
276 Florianus, Roman Emperor Killed near Tarsus
882 Pope John VIII
1052 Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany
1345 Andrew, Duke of Calabria
1412 Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan[20]
1478 Giuliano de' Medici, co-ruler of Florence Francesco de' Pazzi and Bernardo Bandini Stabbed 19 times in the Pazzi conspiracy. Lorenzo de' Medici was also attacked, but escaped with his life.
1497 Giovanni Borgia, Duke of Gandia, son of Pope Alexander VI
1537 Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence Lorenzino de' Medici
1848 Pellegrino Rossi, Papal States Minister of Justice
1900 Umberto I, King of Italy[21] Gaetano Bresci Shot four times with a revolver due to the royal decoration of general Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris, who ordered a bloody repression in Milan in 1898. Influenced Leon Czolgosz to kill United States President William McKinley in 1901.
1921 Said Halim Pasha, former Ottoman Prime Minister Arshavir Shirakian Killed in Rome due to his role in the Armenian genocide.
1924 Giacomo Matteotti, socialist politician[4] Kidnapped and killed by Fascists after denouncing them for electoral fraud in the 1924 Italian general election
1925 Luigj Gurakuqi, Albanian independence leader Baltjon Stambolla Killed in Bari
1945 Benito Mussolini, fascist and former Prime Minister of Italy[22] Band of Communist partisans led by Walter Audisio Shot in the village of Giulino di Mezzegra in Lombardy. His lover Clara Petacci was also killed. See Death of Benito Mussolini
1962 Enrico Mattei, head of the oil company Eni and supporter of Algerian independence Died in a plane crash allegedly caused by a bomb near Bascapè in Lombardy
1972 Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, publisher and partisan of leftist guerrilla movements Died in a bomb attack, probably with the involvement of the Italian secret service
1975 Pier Paolo Pasolini, writer, poet and film director Giuseppe Pelosi Died in Ostia after being run over by his own car which Pelosi had stolen.
1977 Taha Carım, Turkish Ambassador to the Holy See Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
1978 Aldo Moro, former Prime Minister of Italy Red Brigades Kidnapped and later killed. See Kidnapping of Aldo Moro.
1978 Giuseppe Impastato, anti-mafia activist Sicilian Mafia Killed by a charge of TNT placed under his own body.
1979 Cesare Terranova, magistrate on orders of Sicilian Mafia Commission Shot along with his driver as he was being driven through Palermo
1980 Piersanti Mattarella, President of Sicily Sicilian Mafia
1982 Pio La Torre, Communist politician Sicilian Mafia
1982 Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, General of the Carabinieri Corps Giuseppe Greco, Giuseppe Lucchese and members of the Mafia Shot along with his wife and driver while being driven through Palermo while investigating the Mafia
1983 Rocco Chinnici, magistrate Giuseppe Greco, Michele Greco and members of the Mafia Killed by a car bomb in Palermo.
1992 Giovanni Falcone, anti-mafia judge Giovanni Brusca, a member of the Sicilian Mafia Killed in a motorway bombing near Palermo.
1992 Paolo Borsellino, anti-mafia judge Salvatore Riina and members of the Mafia Killed along with five police officers by a car bomb in Palermo. See Massacre of Via D'Amelio.
1992 Salvo Lima, Member of the European Parliament for the Italian Islands Sicilian Mafia Shot as he exited his car in Palermo.
1995 Maurizio Gucci, businessman Hitman hired by his ex-wife, Patrizia Reggiani Reggiani was convicted of ordering his murder in 1998
2002 Marco Biagi, Labor Ministry advisor New Red Brigades Killed in Bologna.

Kosovo

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1389 Murad I, Third Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Miloš Obilić Assassinated by a Serbian knight during the Battle of Kosovo.
1888 Ali Pasha of Gusinje, one of the leaders of the League of Prizren Assassinated in Rugova Canyon near Peć.
1903 Grigoriy Schterbina, Russian consul Albanian Ottoman officer Assassinated in Mitrovica
2003 Tahir Zemaj, general in the Kosovo Liberation Army Assassinated in Peć.
2014 Elvis Pista, parliamentary candidate Assassinated in Rahovec.[23]
2018 Oliver Ivanović, former State Secretary for the Serbian Ministry for Kosovo and Metohija Assassinated in North Mitrovica.

Latvia

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
2018 Mārtiņš Bunkus, bankruptcy administrator Unknown, under investigation Assassinated near Brothers' Cemetery in Riga. Was shot dead from a moving truck, while driving.

Lithuania

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1263 Mindaugas, King of Lithuania Daumantas of Pskov and Treniota Assassinated after taking his deceased wife Morta's sister as his new bride. She was however, already married to Daumantas. Treniota was Mindaugas' nephew.
1264 Treniota, Grand Duke of Lithuania Courtiers loyal to Vaišvilkas, son of Mindaugas
1267 Vaišvilkas, Grand Duke of Lithuania Leo I of Galicia
1440 Sigismund Kęstutaitis, Grand Duke of Lithuania Supporters of his cousin, Švitrigaila

Malta

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1995 Fathi Shaqaqi, Secretary-General of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine Mossad Shot outside a hotel in Sliema.
2017 Daphne Caruana Galizia, journalist and blogger Unknown (investigation underway) Killed by a car bomb near her home in Bidnija.

Moldova

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
2023 Oleg Khorzhan, leader of the Transnistrian Communist Party. Stabbed to death at his office in Sucleia, Transnistria (recognized internationally as part of Moldova).

Montenegro

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1860 Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro Killed in Kotor (then Austria-Hungary) by a member of Bjelopavlici tribe.
1945 Sekula Drljević, Montenegrin nationalist and President of the Governing Committee of Italian governorate of Montenegro during World War II Killed by Chetniks at a Displaced Persons camp in Austria

Netherlands

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
754 Saint Boniface, Christian missionary Killed by Frisian bandits
1099 Conrad, Bishop of Utrecht
1296 Floris V, Count of Holland Gerard van Velsen
1425 Duke John of Straubing-Holland
1584 William I of Orange, leader of the Dutch war of independence from Spanish rule (Eighty Years' War) Balthasar Gérard Shot by a supporter of the Spanish cause
1649 Isaac Dorislaus, diplomat
1672 Johan de Witt, republican politician Murdered by an Orangist lynch mob in The Hague.
1672 Cornelis de Witt, republican politician Murdered by an Orangist lynch mob in The Hague.
1938 Yevhen Konovalets, Ukrainian nationalist Pavel Sudoplatov, agent of the NKVD Explosive placed in a box of chocolates.
1943 Folkert Posthuma, Nazi collaborator Resistance group CS-6 Shot in front of his home in Vorden.[24]
1945 Hannie Schaft, underground Resistance fighter Dutch Nazi officials Executed in the dunes of Bloemendaal.
1979 Richard Sykes, British Ambassador to the Netherlands Provisional Irish Republican Army Shot in The Hague.
1987 Gerrit Jan Heijn, top manager of Ahold Ferdi Elsas Kidnapped and later killed.
2002 Pim Fortuyn, critic of Islam, immigration and multicultural policy and leader of the Pim Fortuyn List Volkert van der Graaf Shot in Hilversum by a left-wing critic and animal rights advocate. See Assassination of Pim Fortuyn
2004 Theo van Gogh, film director, writer and critic of Islam Mohammed Bouyeri Shot and stabbed in Amsterdam by an Islamic extremist
2005 Louis Sévèke, leftwing journalist Marcel Theunissen Shot with a rifle in Nijmegen.
2014 Els Borst, former Deputy Prime Minister Stabbed at her home in Bilthoven.
2019 Derk Wiersum, lawyer Unknown, under investigation Shot to death in Amsterdam.
2021 Peter R. de Vries, investigative journalist and crime reporter Shot in Amsterdam

Norway

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1136 King Harald IV Gille of Norway Sigurd Slembe Killed by a pretender to the throne

Poland

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
997 Adalbert of Prague, Bishop of Prague, missionary, saint pagan Prussians led by Sicco Martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity
1079 Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Bishop of Kraków (now a saint) Bolesław II the Bold
1227 Leszek the White, High Duke of Poland Assassinated at the Gąsawa massacre
1296 Przemysł II, king of Poland
1922 Gabriel Narutowicz, President of Poland[4] Eligiusz Niewiadomski Killed five days after his inauguration while attending the opening of an art exhibit at the Zachęta Gallery in Warsaw.
1927 Pyotr Voykov, Soviet Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Poland Boris Kowerda Killed by a White émigré
1934 Bronisław Pieracki, Minister of Interior of Poland Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
1931 Tadeusz Hołówko, Prometheist politician and diplomat Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
1941 Igo Sym, actor and Nazi collaborator Bohdan Rogoliński, Roman Rozmiłowski, and Wiktor Klimaszewski of the Union of Armed Struggle (ZWZ)
1942 Marceli Nowotko, Communist activist and first secretary of the Polish Workers' Party
1943 Wilhelm Krüger, German chief of Gestapo operations in Nazi-occupied Poland three fighters of the Polish resistance Killed in Kraków.
1943 Franz Bürkl, German Sicherheitspolizei officer Jerzy Zborowski and members of the Szare Szeregi See Operation Heads.
1943 Helmut Kapp, German Gestapo member Armia Krajowa See Operation Heads.
1944 Karl Freudenthal, German officer of the SS, Kreishauptmann of powiat Garwolin Armia Krajowa See Operation Heads.
1944 Franz Kutschera, German SS general and chief of police Armia Krajowa See Operation Kutschera.
1947 Karol Świerczewski, Army general Ukrainian Insurgent Army
1984 Jerzy Popiełuszko, Roman Catholic priest Killed by the communist political police.
1992 Piotr Jaroszewicz, former Prime Minister of Poland
1998 Marek Papała, Chief of the Police Believed to have been killed by the Polish mafia.
1999 Andrzej Kolikowski, leader of the Pruszków mafia Ryszard Bogucki Shot in Zakopane
2005 Zdzisław Beksiński, painter, photographer, sculptor Robert Kupiec Stabbed 17 times
2011 Jolanta Brzeska, social activist Unknown Burned alive
2019 Paweł Adamowicz, Mayor of Gdańsk[25] Stefan Wilmont Stabbed to death at a charity event

Portugal

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
139 BC Viriathus, leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion over the regions of Western Iberia Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus
1355 Inês de Castro, posthumously declared Queen of Portugal Pêro Coelho, Álvaro Gonçalves, and Diogo Lopes Pacheco
1908 Carlos I of Portugal, King, and Luiz Filipe of Portugal, Crown Prince[4] Manuel Buíça and Alfredo Luís da Costa Shot by assassins sympathetic to Republican interests and aided by anti-monarchic society Portuguese Carbonária. See Lisbon Regicide
1910 Miguel Bombarda, member of the Chamber of Deputies of Portugal Aparício Rebelo dos Santos Shot by a mental patient just before the 5 October 1910 revolution, of which he was a proponent
1918 Sidónio Pais, President of Portugal José Júlio da Costa Shot at Rossio railway station in Lisbon. See Assassination of Sidónio Pais.
1921 António Joaquim Granjo, Prime Minister of Portugal See Bloody Night (Lisbon, 1921)
António Machado Santos, Naval officer and leader of the National Republican Federation
José Carlos da Maia
Freitas da Silva
Botelho de Vasconcelos
1965 Humberto Delgado, general, presidential candidate and critic of the Estado Novo Lured by Portuguese intelligence into an ambush near the Spanish border
1983 Issam Sartawi, senior member of the Palestine Liberation Organization Shot in a hotel.

Romania

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1601 Mihai Viteazul, Ruler of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania Militants on order of General Giorgio Basta Assassinated near Câmpia Turzii after the victory at the Battle of Guruslău.
1862 Barbu Catargiu, Prime Minister of Romania Killed in Bucharest after a parliamentary meeting.
1933 Ion Duca, Prime Minister of Romania Nicolae Constantinescu
Ion Caranica
Doru Belimace		 Shot at Sinaia railway station by members of the Iron Guard.
1938 Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, far right politician and leader of the Iron Guard Members of the Romanian Gendarmerie Killed in Tâncăbeşti.
1939 Armand Călinescu, Prime Minister of Romania[22] Iron Guard Shot while being driven through Bucharest.
1940 Nicolae Iorga, former Prime Minister of Romania, historian Iron Guard Kidnapped and later killed.
1940 Gheorghe Argeșanu, former Prime Minister Iron Guard Murdered in Jilava prison with 63 other political prisoners. See Jilava massacre
1940 Virgil Madgearu, politician and theorist of the National Peasants' Party Iron Guard Kidnapped and later killed
1945 Constantin Tănase, actor Possibly killed by the invading Red Army after satirizing them.
1989 Danny Huwé, Belgian journalist Shot by a sniper during the Romanian Revolution.

Russia

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
Russian Empire
1682 Artamon Matveyev, statesman, diplomat and reformer Streltsy Killed during the Moscow uprising of 1682
1682 Grigory Romodanovsky, boyar, general and diplomat Streltsy Killed during the Moscow uprising of 1682
1762 Peter III of Russia, Emperor of Russia Unknown Possibly organized by Catherine the Great
1762 Ivan VI of Russia, deposed Emperor of Russia Unknown Executed on prior instructions from Catherine the Great during an attempt to rescue him from imprisonment in Shlisselburg Fortress by Vasily Mirovich
1801 Paul I of Russia, Emperor of Russia Band of dismissed officers led by Levin August, Count von Bennigsen, Vladimir Mikhailovich Yashvil, Nikolay Zubov and others Organized by Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen, Nikita Petrovich Panin and José de Ribas
1825 Mikhail Miloradovich, military Governor of Saint Petersburg Pyotr Kakhovsky Killed during the Decembrist revolt
1878 Nikolay Mezentsov, executive director of the Third Section Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky Killed by a revolutionary belonging to the group Zemlya i volya
1881 Alexander II of Russia, Tsar of All the Russias[1] Ignacy Hryniewiecki Killed in bombing organized by the revolutionary group Narodnaya Volya
1893 Nikolay Alekseyev, Mayor of Moscow Andrianov Killed by a deranged visitor in Moscow City Hall
1902 Dmitry Sipyagin, Russian Interior Minister[4] Stepan Balmashov Killed by a member of the SR Combat Organization
1904 Vyacheslav von Plehve, Russian Interior Minister Yegor Sazonov Killed by a bomb thrown by a member of the SR Combat Organization
1905 Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, former Governor-General of Moscow Ivan Kalyayev Organized by the SR Combat Organization
1911 Pyotr Stolypin, Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Bogrov Killed in a theater in Kiev by a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party[4]
1916 Grigori Rasputin, influential mystic, adviser to the Russian Imperial Family[21] Group of nobles led by Felix Yusupov, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, Vladimir Purishkevich and Vasily Maklakov Killed for his undue influence on the Russian Imperial Family
Provisional Government
1917 Ivan Logginovich Goremykin, former Prime Minister Konstantin X Kotev
Bolshevik Russia
1918 Andrei Shingarev, Kadet politician
1918 Fyodor Kokoshkin, Kadet politician
1918 Tsar Nicholas II and his family: Tsarina Alexandra, Tsarevich Alexei, Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia, physician Eugene Botkin, maid Anna Demidova, footman Alexei Trupp and cook Ivan Kharitonov Cheka officers led by Yakov Yurovsky Order given by Yakov Sverdlov on behalf of Vladimir Lenin
1918 Elizabeth of Hesse, Grand Duchess of Russia, Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich, Princes John Constantinovich, Constantine Constantinovich and Igor Constantinovich, poet and prince Vladimir Paley and nun Varvara Yakovleva Cheka officers
1918 V. Volodarsky, revolutionary Grigory Ivanovich Semyonov Killed by a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party
1918 Wilhelm von Mirbach, German Ambassador in Moscow Yakov Blumkin Assassinated by the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries at the start of the Left SR uprising in an attempt to damage German-Soviet relations
Russian SFSR in the Soviet Union
1934 Sergey Kirov, Bolshevik party leader in Leningrad[4] Leonid Nikolaev
1939 Zinaida Reich, theatre actress
1990 Alexander Men, dissident Russian Orthodox priest
1991 Igor Talkov, singer-songwriter, anti-Soviet activist Allegedly Valeriy Schlyafman
Russian Federation
1994 Andrey Aizderdzis, Member of the State Duma Unknown
1994 Nikolay Suleimanov, Chechen mafia boss
1995 Vladislav Listyev, journalist and head of the ORT TV Channel Unknown
1996 Dzhokhar Dudayev, first Chechen separatist President and anti-Russian guerrilla leader Russian military
1996 Choe Deok-geun, South Korean diplomat stationed in Vladivostok North Korean agents suspected
1998 Valeriy Hubulov, former Prime Minister of South Ossetia Unknown
1998 Galina Starovoytova, Member of the State Duma Yuri Kolchin and Vitali Akishin
1998 Larisa Yudina, Kalmyk journalist
2002 Valentin Tsvetkov, Governor of Magadan Oblast Alexander Zakharov, Martin Babakekhyan and others Killed in Moscow
2003 Sergei Yushenkov, Member of the State Duma and founder of the Liberal Russia party Mikhail Kodanev and others Killed in Moscow[26]
2003 Yuri Shchekochikhin, journalist Unknown Killed in Moscow[27]
2004 Paul Klebnikov, editor of the Russian edition of Forbes magazine
2004 Akhmad Kadyrov, Kremlin-backed President of the Chechen Republic Presumed to be Chechen Islamists Killed along with about 30 others in a football stadium during a Victory Day parade by a bomb that had been built into the concrete of one of the stadium's supporting columns.
2005 Aslan Maskhadov, President of separatist Chechnya
2005 Anatoly Trofimov, former deputy director of the FSB
2005 Magomed Omarov, deputy Interior Minister of Dagestan
2006 Abdul-Khalim Sadulayev, President of separatist Chechnya Killed by pro-Russian forces
2006 Anna Politkovskaya, journalist and human rights campaigner Unknown; many theories Shot in the elevator block of her apartment in Moscow. See Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya.
2008 Vitaly Karayev, mayor of Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania
2008 Kazbek Pagiyev, former mayor of Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania
2008 Nina Varlamova, mayor of Kandalaksha, Murmansk Oblast
2009 Anastasia Baburova, journalist
2009 Stanislav Markelov, human rights lawyer
2009 Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, interior minister of Dagestan
2009 Aza Gazgireyeva, deputy chair of the Ingushetia Supreme Court
2009 Bashir Aushev, former deputy prime minister of Ingushetia
2009 Natalia Estemirova, human rights activist
2011 Yuri Budanov, army officer and convicted war criminal
2011 Gadzhimurat Kamalov, journalist
2015 Boris Nemtsov, former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Shot while walking on a bridge near the Moscow Kremlin. See Assassination of Boris Nemtsov
2020 Vladimir "Sausage King" Marugov, oligarch Shot on 2 November with a crossbow in the sauna of his countryside estate outside Moscow.[28]
2022 Darya Dugina, ultranationalist journalist and writer Killed in car bomb explosion.[29]
2023 Vladlen Tatarsky, blogger Killed with a bomb disguised as an award statue.[30]

Serbia

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
Roman Empire
268 Gallienus, Roman emperor Killed near Naissus.
282 Probus, Roman emperor Assassinated at Sirmium.
285 Carinus, Roman emperor Assassinated at Margus.
Medieval Serbia
1352 Branko Rastislalić, Lord of Podunavlje and Domestikos under King Stefan Dušan Assassinated at Upper Drina on the orders of Vuk Kosača.
1359 Vuk Kosača, magnate and nobleman Killed or ordered so by a member of the Rastislalić family.
Ottoman period
1804 72 notable Serbs Dahije Slaughter of the Knezes
1815 Kara-Marko Vasić, revolutionary Ordered by Miloš Obrenović.
1816 Melentije Nikšić, revolutionary Ordered by Miloš Obrenović.
1817 Karađorđe Petrović, leader of the First Serbian Uprising Nikola Novaković Killed along with his secretary, Naum Krnar in the village of Radovanje by a henchman of Vujica Vulićević and Miloš Obrenović.
Serbian monarchy
1868 Mihailo Obrenović, Prince of Serbia Pavle Radovanović and Kosta Radovanović Shot in Košutnjak park in Belgrade as part of a conspiracy.
1885 Čakr-paša, hajduk Toma Stanković
1903 Aleksandar Obrenović, King of Serbia, and Draga Mašin, Queen Consort Army officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijević Killed in the royal palace as part of the May Overthrow.
1903 Lazar Petrović, Adjutant to King Aleksandar Obrenović Killed as part of the May Overthrow.
1903 Dimitrije Cincar-Marković, Prime Minister of Serbia
Yugoslavia
1921 Milorad Drašković, Yugoslav interior minister Alija Alijagić Killed by a Bosnian communist
1928 Velimir Prelić, legal adviser in Skoplje Mara Buneva Shot on "Ratomir Putnik" Street in Skoplje
1928 Đuro Basariček, Member of Parliament for the Croatian Peasant Party Puniša Račić Shot by a Serbian radical deputy in the Yugoslav Parliament in Belgrade.
1928 Stjepan Radić, Member of Parliament for the Croatian Peasant Party Serbian radical politician Puniša Račić. Shot a Serbian radical deputy in the Yugoslav Parliament in Belgrade.
1983 Galip Balkar, Turkish Ambassador to Yugoslavia Harutyun Krikor Levonian and Alexander Elbekyan. Shot by Armenian nationalists. See Assassination of Galip Balkar
FR Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro
1994 Dada Vujasinović, journalist
1994 Goran Vuković, criminal
1999 Slavko Ćuruvija, journalist
2000 Željko Ražnatović "Arkan", mobster and warlord Dobrosav Gavrić
2000 Pavle Bulatović, defense minister
2000 Žika Petrović, Jat Airways executive
2000 Boško Perošević, Chairman of the Executive Council of Vojvodina Milivoje Gutović Assassinated at Novi Sad Fair.
2000 Ivan Stambolić, former President of Serbia Special Operations Unit Ordered by Slobodan Milošević.
2001 Milan Pantić, journalist Unknown
2003 Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia Zvezdan Jovanović Killed with a sniper rifle by a paramilitary linked to the Zemun Clan. See Assassination of Zoran Đinđić.
2004 Branko Bulatović, Football Association general secretary Unknown
Republic of Serbia
2006 Radoljub Kanjevac, criminal Unknown
2014 Rade Rakonjac, Arkan's bodyguard Unknown

Slovakia

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1999 Ján Ducký, former Minister of Industry
2018 Ján Kuciak, journalist Miroslav Marček and Tomáš Szabó Shot dead along with his girlfriend while investigating the activities of Italian mafia in Slovakia

Spain

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1369 Peter the Cruel, King of Castile Henry II of Castile
1485 Pedro de Arbués, a prominent member of the Spanish Inquisition Assassinated while praying in La Seo Cathedral of Zaragosa. His death allowed Grand Inquisitor Tomás de Torquemada to massively expand the Spanish Inquisition.
1870 Juan Prim, Prime Minister of Spain and Governor of Puerto Rico Shot in Madrid by unknown hand.
1897 Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Prime Minister of Spain Michele Angiolillo Shot in a spa in Mondragón, Guipúzcoa by an anarchist.
1912 José Canalejas, Prime Minister of Spain Manuel Pardiñas Shot in Madrid by an anarchist.
1920 Francesc Layret, Catalan left-wing politician Shot in Barcelona
1921 Eduardo Dato Iradier, Prime Minister of Spain Lluís Nicolau, Pere Mateu, and Ramon Casanelles Shot in Madrid by Catalan anarchists.
1923 Juan Cardinal Soldevilla y Romero, Roman Catholic archbishop of Zaragoza Los Solidarios
1936 José Castillo, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party lieutenant in the Assault Guards Falangist gunmen Killed in Madrid
1936 José Calvo Sotelo, right-wing politician and former Finance Minister Killed in a police vehicle in Madrid. His murder helped trigger the Spanish Civil War.
1936 Federico García Lorca, poet and dramatist Nationalists Shot at Alfacar by fascists
1936 Raoul Villain, assassin of Jean Jaurès Shot on the island of Ibiza
1937 Camillo Berneri, Italian anarchist
1937 Andrés Nin, Communist revolutionary Taken to a camp by the Spanish Government and probably killed there (this is disputed)
1940 Lluis Companys, President of Catalonia Gestapo officers on the orders of Francisco Franco. Shot in Barcelona
1967 Mohamed Khider, exiled Algerian politician and former Secretary-General of the FLN Killed in Madrid
1968 Melitón Manzanas, secret police officer and state torturer ETA Killed at Irún, Guipúzcoa
1969 Vjekoslav Luburić, exiled Croatian Ustaše official and fugitive war criminal Believed to have been killed either by Yugoslav agents or rivals in the Croatian émigré community
1973 Luis Carrero Blanco, Prime Minister of Spain[31] ETA Killed by a bomb which threw his car over a building. His murder was, according to ETA, then to intensify existing divisions within Francoist Spain between the "openness" and "purists". See Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco
1976 Juan María de Araluce Villar, President of the Provincial Deputation of Gipuzkoa ETA Killed at San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa
1977 Augusto Unceta Barrenechea, President of the Provincial Deputation of Biscay ETA Killed at Guernica, Biscay
1984 Santiago Brouard, Basque nationalist Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación
1997 Miguel Ángel Blanco, Basque municipal councillor ETA Kidnapped and later killed
2000 Fernando Buesa, former Vice Lehendakari of the Basque Country ETA Car bombing in Vitoria.
2000 Ernest Lluch, former Minister of Health ETA Shot in Barcelona
2014 Isabel Carrasco, Governor of León and provincial leader of the People's Party Shot in León by a disgruntled government employee

Sweden

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1156 King Sverker I of Sweden Killed by a servant
1160 King Eric IX of Sweden Killed during a rebellion
1167 King Charles VII of Sweden Killed by supporters of Knut Eriksson
1436 Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Regent of Sweden Magnus Bengtsson
1577 King Eric XIV of Sweden Killed on orders of his half-brother King John III of Sweden
1792 King Gustav III of Sweden Jacob Johan Anckarström Shot at a masquerade ball and died two weeks later.
1810 Count Axel von Fersen, Marshal of the Realm Four members of the lynching mob were charged for the killing, among them the Finnish nobleman Otto Johan Tandefelt Killed by a mob in Stockholm after being blamed for the death of Crown Prince Carl August. Army soldiers were present at the scene, but were ordered not to interfere.
1971 Vladimir Rolović, Yugoslav Ambassador to Sweden Croatian National Resistance
1986 Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden[3] Unknown Shot on his way home from a cinema in Stockholm accompanied only by his wife
2003 Anna Lindh, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden Mijailo Mijailović Stabbed while visiting the NK department store in Stockholm and died a day later. She was prominently featured in the "Yes" campaign during the Euro referendum, which took place later in the same weekend. She did not have any protective detail assigned to her, because the Swedish Security Police had not received, or perceived there to be no specific threats made against her.

Switzerland

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1308 Albert I of Habsburg, German King and Duke of Austria John Parricida Killed by his nephew, whom he had deprived of his inheritance, at Windisch on the Reuss.
1621 Pompeius Planta, politician Jörg Jenatsch
1639 Jörg Jenatsch, politician Killed in Chur by an assailant dressed as a bear.
1898 Empress Elisabeth of Austria Luigi Lucheni Stabbed in the heart with a sharp needle file by an anarchist on the street in Geneva. Due to her extremely tight corset, she had no idea she has been wounded and collapsed suddenly after walking 100 yards (91 m). She died two hours later due to slow internal hemorrhaging.
1923 Vatslav Vorovsky, Soviet diplomat Maurice Conradi Killed by a White emigre
1936 Wilhelm Gustloff, leader of the Swiss Nazi Party David Frankfurter Killed by a Yugoslav Jewish student
1960 Félix-Roland Moumié, Cameroonian anti-colonialist activist and leader of the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon Assassinated by the SDECE (French secret services).
1990 Kazem Rajavi, exiled Iranian opposition leader Believed to have been killed by agents of the Islamic Republic of Iran as part of the Chain Murders
2001 3 members of the Cantonal Government and 11 cantonal councilors of Zug Friedrich Leibacher See Zug massacre

Turkey

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
1579 Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire
1622 Osman II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
1651 Kösem Sultan, Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Chief Black Eunuch Lala Süleyman, Hoca Reyhan Agha, Hajji Ibrahim Agha and Ali Agha Assassinated at Topkapı Palace during a palace coup
1913 Mahmud Şevket Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire[4]
2018 Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi journalist killed by agents of the Saudi government at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul

United Kingdom

Date Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
293 Carausius, usurper of the Western Roman Empire Allectius who Carausius appointed treasurer coup d'état
946 Edmund I, King of England Stabbed at a banquet
978 Edward the Martyr, King of England
995 Kenneth II, King of Scotland
1100 William Rufus, King of England Walter Tirel Shot in the heart with an arrow by a nobleman, supposedly by accident, but the circumstances remain unclear.
1170 Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury Four knights Stabbed to death in Canterbury Cathedral on the orders of Henry II of England
1306 John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch Robert the Bruce, Roger de Kirkpatrick
1346 Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí William III, Earl of Ross Killed at Elcho Priory while attending a royal muster on the eve of a Scottish invasion of England.
1381 Robert Hales, Lord High Treasurer Beheaded at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt.
1381 Simon of Sudbury, Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of London Beheaded at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt.
1381 John Cavendish, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge Beheaded in Bury St Edmunds by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt.
1437 King James I of Scotland Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl (coup leader), Sir Robert Graham (dealt lethal blow) Killed at Perth in a failed coup by his kinsman and former ally Walter Stewart.
1452 William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas James II of Scotland
1471 Henry VI of England, King of England Killed in the Tower of London likely on the orders of Edward IV of England.
1488 King James III of Scotland Killed by rebels.
1566 David Rizzio, private secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots Stabbed 57 times in front of the Queen by a mob led by her husband out of jealousy over their friendship
1567 Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots Killed in an explosion at Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh
1570 James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Regent of Scotland James Hamilton The first assassination carried out with a firearm.
1628 George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Lord High Admiral/royal favourite John Felton Stabbed in Portsmouth as he planned a second expedition to La Rochelle.
1679 James Sharp, Archbishop of St Andrews Killed in Fife.
1812 Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom John Bellingham Killed by a disgruntled merchant. The only British prime minister to be assassinated. See Assassination of Spencer Perceval.[32]
1812 Louis-Alexandre de Launay, French diplomat Stabbed to death with a stiletto along with his wife by a former servant at his home in Barnes.
1922 Henry Hughes Wilson, British field marshal, retired Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Conservative politician Reginald Dunne and Joseph O'Sullivan Killed outside his house in Eaton Square, London, by members of the Irish Republican Army.[4]
1940 Michael O'Dwyer, former Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab Udham Singh, a Punjabi revolutionary Killed during a speech at Caxton Hall, London over his involvement in the Amritsar Massacre
1973 Paddy Wilson, former General Secretary of the Social Democratic and Labour Party Stabbed to death in Belfast, along with his friend Irene Andrews. See Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews killings.
1975 Ross McWhirter, co-author of the Guinness Book of Records and right-wing political activist Harry Duggan and Hugh Doherty Killed outside his home in Bush Hill Park, London, by members of the Balcombe Street Gang, both of whom were Irish Republican Army volunteers.
1977 Kadhi Abdullah al-Hagri, former Prime Minister of North Yemen Killed in London.
1978 Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident Died in London after being attacked with ricin fired from a gun disguised as an umbrella on Waterloo Bridge by suspected KGB agents.
July 9, 1978 Abdul Razak al-Naif, former Prime Minister of Iraq Killed in London
1979 Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, former Governor-General of India Thomas McMahon Killed while on a fishing trip along with three others by a bomb planted onto his boat by a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
1979 Airey Neave, Conservative Member of Parliament for Abingdon and Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Car bombing outside Palace of Westminster, by members of the Irish National Liberation Army[33]
1980 John Turnley, SDLP and Irish Independence Party politician Ulster Defence Association Killed on the way to a political meeting.
1981 Sir Norman Stronge, aristocrat and Northern Irish politician, and his son, Sir James Stronge, aristocrat and Northern Irish politician Provisional Irish Republican Army Killed at their ancestral home, Tynan Abbey in County Armagh, which was then set on fire.
1981 Robert Bradford, Unionist Member of Parliament for Belfast South IRA Murdered during a speech at Finaghy, Belfast.[33]
1982 Shlomo Argov, Israeli Ambassador to the Court of St. James's Abu Nidal Organization Although Argov survived this assassination attempt, the injuries he sustained in the attack resulted in his death in 2003. His shooting triggered the 1982 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon
1983 Edgar Graham, Ulster Unionist Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (1982) Shot by an IRA gunman outside Queen's University Belfast.[33]
1984 Anthony Berry, Conservative Member of Parliament for Enfield Southgate IRA Killed in the Brighton hotel bombing.
1987 George Seawright, Unionist Northern Ireland politician Killed by the Irish People's Liberation Organisation in Shankill, Belfast.
1989 Pat Finucane, solicitor Ken Barrett Killed in Belfast by Ulster Loyalists.
1990 Ian Gow, Conservative Member of Parliament for Eastbourne IRA Killed by a car bomb near his house in East Sussex.[33]
1997 Billy Wright, Loyalist Volunteer Force leader INLA prisoners Killed in Maze Prison.[34]
2006 Alexander Litvinenko, former FSB officer and critic of Russian President Vladimir Putin Unknowns from Russia Acute radiation syndrome via ingestion of polonium-210. See Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko.[35]
2016 Jo Cox, Labour Member of Parliament for Batley and Spen Thomas Mair Shooting and stabbing incident before a constituency surgery. See Murder of Jo Cox.[36]
2021 Sir David Amess, Conservative Member of Parliament for Southend West Ali Harbi Ali Stabbed during a constituency surgery. See Murder of David Amess.

Ukraine

Year Victim(s) Assassin(s) Notes
Ukrainian SSR
1921 Mykola Leontovych, composer Soviet state security agent Afanasy Grishchenko. Shot in his home after a robbery
1949 Yaroslav Halan, anti-fascist writer[37] Mykhailo Stakhur and Ilariy Lukashevych Killed with an axe at his home office in Lviv by members of the OUN (according to the Soviet official version, ordered by the Vatican)
1979 Volodymyr Ivasiuk, composer Found hanged in a forest outside of Lviv.
Independent Ukraine
1993 Yuri Osmanov, Crimean Tatar civil rights activist Brutally beaten by unidentified assailants and died the next day.
1995 Akhat Bragin, businessman and president of the Shakhtar Donetsk football club Killed by a bomb at the Shakhtar Stadium in Donetsk.
1996 Yevhen Shcherban, People's Deputy of Ukraine Shot dead along with his wife and bodyguard while departing a plane at Donetsk International Airport.
1998 Vadym Hetman, former Chairman of the National Bank of Ukraine Shot by a contract killer in Kyiv.
2000 Georgiy Gongadze, journalist Agents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Disappeared, found decapitated and doused in dioxine 2 months later near Tarashcha.
2005 Stepan Senchuk, former Governor of Lviv Oblast Shot while in his car.
2014 Oleh Babaiev, Mayor of Kremenchuk Shot in front of his home
2015 Oles Buzina, pro-Russian writer Shot near his home in Kyiv.
2016 Pavel Sheremet, Belarusian journalist Died in a car explosion in Kyiv.
2017 Denis Voronenkov, former member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Pavel Parshov, veteran of Ukraine's volunteer battalion.[38] Shot dead in Kyiv while on his way to meet a fellow exiled parliamentarian, Ilya Ponomarev.
2017 Maksym Shapoval, Intelligence officer and head of the special forces of the Chief Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine Killed in a car bombing in Kyiv
2018 Alexander Zakharchenko, pro-Russian separatist and Head of the Donetsk People's Republic, concurrent Prime Minister of the Donetsk People's Republic Killed in a bomb explosion in a cafe in Donetsk
2021 Vitaly Shishov, exiled Belarusian dissident Found hanging in a forest after being reported missing the previous day
2022 Volodymyr Struk, Mayor of Kreminna Abducted and killed during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
2022 Yuriy Prylypko, Mayor of Hostomel Killed during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
2022 Olga Sukhenko, Village Head of Motyzhyn Killed during the Russian occupation of Bucha
24 August 2022 Ivan Sushko, Russian-appointed head of Mykhailivka in Zaporizhzhia Oblast Killed in a car bombing during the Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.
28 August 2022 Oleksiy Kovalov, Member of the Verkhovna Rada Shot during an attack on his residence in Zaliznyi Port.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 World Almanac 2004, p155
  2. ↑ "stalin's secret pogrom-INTRO". Joshuarubenstein.com. August 25, 1997. Archived from the original on August 27, 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Historic Assassinations Since 1865," The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004, p156 (World Almanac 2004)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 20th Century Timeline, p118
  5. ↑ The Assassination of Symon Petliura and the Trial of Scholem Schwarzbard 1926–1927: A Selection of Documents. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 2016-04-18. ISBN 9783647310275.
  6. ↑ Dietze, Carola; Verhoeven, Claudia, eds. (2022). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism. Oxford University Press. p. 544. ISBN 9780199858569.
  7. ↑ "Greece: Impunity continues two years after murder of journalist Giorgos Karaivaz". 9 April 2023.
  8. ↑ The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle (ch. 75), p. 109.
  9. ↑ Herman of Reichenau: Chronicle (year 1044), pp. 75–76.
  10. ↑ "CARLO III d'Angiò Durazzo, re di Napoli, detto della Pace, o il Piccolo in "Dizionario Biografico"".
  11. ↑ Monaci Lőrinc krónikája Kis Károlyról. - Carmen seu historia de Carolo II. cognomento Parvo, rege Hungariae, Fordította: Márki Sándor, Budapest, Athenaeum, 1910.
  12. ↑ Michaud, Claude (2000-04-27). "The Kingdoms of Central Europe in the Fourteenth Century". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 735–763. doi:10.1017/chol9780521362900.032. ISBN 0-521-36291-1. OCLC 29184676.
  13. ↑ This faithful story of the capture of the queens was written down by Queen Mária herself in Debrecen, in a letter dated September 7, 1387Fejér, CD. X/III., 313.), mely eddig történetiróink figyelmét elkerülte. V. ö. Hazai Okmt. VII. 434. – Gr. Károlyi cs. oklt. I. 546. – Fejér, CD. X/I., 333., 339., 343., 367., 426 In: Szilagyi: A magyar nemzet története. https://mek.oszk.hu/00800/00893/html/
  14. ↑ "The main supporters of Zsigmond's party gathered together in Körösudvarhely. In addition to the already named lords and companions of Zsigmond's journey abroad: Archbishop János Kanizsai, Miklós Garai, Count Hermann Cillei, there were also Miklós Treutel, Simon Szécsényi, László the son of Pál Garai, István Debrői, the counts of Corbavia and most of the nobility from Slavonia and Duna. The Laczkfis and their companions also showed up, confident in the power of the royal letter of immunity, and with the hope that they would manage to clear themselves [from blames] and continue with duplicitous policies. But the king prepared for bloody revenge against them, and since he could not initiate the legal process due to the letter of immunity, his followers undertook to carry out the work of vengeance. During the deliberations, on February 27, on auspicious occasion, when the converted partisans appeared before the king without armed escort, the Hungarian lords loyal to Sigismund, including the Palatine himself, Miklós Garai and Cillei, grabbed swords and attacked them. The two István Laczkfi bled to death under the blows of the lords' swords; András Laczkfi was taken prisoner with several of his companions. Those who were able to escape - we don't know[all of] their names - sought refuge in Bosnia. István Ördög also ran here, who had been kicked out of Szentgyörgy castle a few days before by the Archbishop of Esztergom, Miklós Szécsi and István Kanizsai.8" Szilágyi : A magyar nemzet története. https://mek.oszk.hu/00800/00893/html/
  15. ↑ "Cillei gróf meggyilkolása". 8 November 2007.
  16. ↑ "Ulrich II von Cilli | Austrian prince | Britannica".
  17. ↑ "Czibak – Magyar Katolikus Lexikon".
  18. ↑ "New book features shooting story from Ballinamore". www.leitrimobserver.ie. Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  19. ↑ "Sligo Today News for Sligo County - Killing of local TD in election recalled in new book". Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
  20. ↑ Adams, John (1794). A defence of the constitutions of government of the United States of America, against the attack of M. Turgot in his letter to Dr. Price, dated the twenty-second day of March, 1778. London: John Stockdale. pp. 153–155. OCLC 2678599. John Maria.
  21. 1 2 "Historic Assassinations Since 1865," The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1982 (World Almanac 1982), p750
  22. 1 2 "Assassinations and Political Murders," 20th Century Timeline (Griesewood & Dempsey, Ltd., 1985) (Crescent Books, 1985) [20th Century Timeline], p119
  23. ↑ "Parliament Candidate In Kosovo Assassinated". www.rferl.org. Retrieved 2022-06-16.
  24. ↑ "F.E. (Folkert) Posthuma" (in Dutch).
  25. ↑ "Pawel Adamowicz, Gdansk mayor, dies after stabbing at charity event". BBC News. 14 January 2019. Archived from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  26. ↑ "Terror-99". Archived from the original on 28 May 2003. Retrieved 22 April 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  27. ↑ "Terror-99". Archived from the original on 3 April 2004. Retrieved 22 April 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  28. ↑ "Vladimir Marugov murder: Russian 'Sausage King' killed in sauna with a crossbow". BBC News. 2020-11-02. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  29. ↑ Harding, Luke (21 August 2022). "Daughter of Putin ally Alexander Dugin killed by car bomb in Moscow". TheGuardian.com.
  30. ↑ "Russian propagandist killed in explosion at St Petersburg cafe". 2 April 2023.
  31. ↑ 20th Century Timeline, p120
  32. ↑ "BBC News - The MP whose ancestor killed the prime minister". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  33. 1 2 3 4 Siddique, Haroon (16 June 2016). "MPs who have been attacked Amy Robsart while in office". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  34. ↑ "Billy Wright: the loyalist assassin too violent for his comrades - BelfastTelegraph.co.uk". Belfasttelegraph. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  35. ↑ "Alexander Litvinenko: Profile of murdered Russian spy". BBC News. 21 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  36. ↑ Danny Boyle Raziye Akkoc (2016-06-17). "Labour MP Jo Cox dies after being shot and stabbed as husband urges people to 'fight against the hate' that killed her". Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  37. ↑ Marples, David R. (2013-01-23). Heroes and Villains : Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine. Hors collection. Budapest: Central European University Press. pp. 125–165. ISBN 9786155211355.
  38. ↑ working for Russian Secret Service."Kyiv Identifies Suspected Gunman In Ex-Duma Deputy's Assassination Archived 2018-07-15 at the Wayback Machine". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. March 24, 2017.
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