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| |||
Strongest magnitude | 2 events reached magnitude 7.7. | ||
---|---|---|---|
Deadliest | ![]() | ||
Total fatalities | 20,220 | ||
Number by magnitude | |||
9.0+ | 0 | ||
8.0–8.9 | 0 | ||
7.0–7.9 | 12 | ||
6.0–6.9 | 81 | ||
5.0–5.9 | 1,535 | ||
4.0–4.9 | 2,579 | ||
This is a list of earthquakes in 1978. Only earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above are included, unless they result in damage and/or casualties, or are notable for some other reason. Events in remote areas will not be listed but included in statistics and maps. Countries are entered on the lists in order of their status in this particular year. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Maximum intensities are indicated on the Mercalli intensity scale and are sourced from United States Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap data. Another fairly quiet year as far as earthquakes above magnitude 7.0. The largest of the 12 events in this threshold were magnitude 7.7 and both Japan and Mexico experienced these. The Kuril Islands in Russia had a robust series of large earthquakes in March. Iran dominated the death toll for the year. One event in September left 20,000 dead. Japan had two destructive events including the joint largest event of the year. October had no events above magnitude 6 which is an unusual quiescence.
By death toll
Rank | Death toll | Magnitude | Location | MMI | Depth (km) | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20,000 | 7.4 | ![]() |
IX (Violent) | 33.0 | September 16 |
2 | 76 | 6.2 | ![]() |
VII (Very strong) | 33.0 | December 14 |
3 | 50 | 6.4 | ![]() |
IX (Violent) | 3.0 | June 20 |
4 | 29 | 6.6 | ![]() |
IX (Violent) | 14.0 | January 14 |
5 | 28 | 7.7 | ![]() |
VIII (Severe) | 44.0 | June 12 |
6 | 17 | 4.9 | ![]() |
VI (Strong) | 10.0 | July 29 |
Listed are earthquakes with at least 10 dead.
By magnitude
Rank | Magnitude | Death toll | Location | MMI | Depth (km) | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
= 1 | 7.7 | 28 | ![]() |
VIII (Severe) | 44.0 | June 12 |
= 1 | 7.7 | 9 | ![]() |
IX (Violent) | 18.0 | November 29 |
2 | 7.6 | 0 | ![]() |
VI (Strong) | 33.0 | March 24 |
3 | 7.5 | 0 | ![]() |
VIII (Severe) | 33.0 | March 23 |
= 4 | 7.4 | 0 | ![]() |
VI (Strong) | 17.0 | July 23 |
= 4 | 7.4 | 20,000 | ![]() |
IX (Violent) | 33.0 | September 16 |
5 | 7.2 | 0 | ![]() |
( ) | 33.0 | February 9 |
= 6 | 7.1 | 0 | ![]() |
VIII (Severe) | 33.0 | March 24 |
= 6 | 7.1 | 0 | ![]() |
VII (Very strong) | 33.0 | November 5 |
= 7 | 7.0 | 0 | ![]() |
( ) | 33.0 | June 17 |
= 7 | 7.0 | 0 | ![]() |
VIII (Severe) | 56.0 | August 23 |
= 7 | 7.0 | 2 | ![]() |
VI (Strong) | 33.0 | December 23 |
Listed are earthquakes with at least 7.0 magnitude.
By month
January
Strongest magnitude | 6.6 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Deadliest | 6.6 Mw ![]() 29 deaths |
Total fatalities | 29 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 0 |
6.0–6.9 | 7 |
5.0–5.9 | 142 |
4.0–4.9 | 182 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
6[1][2] | ![]() | 6.0 | 33.0 | VI | |||
14[3][4][5] | ![]() | 6.6 | 14.0 | IX | 25 people were killed and 4 were reported missing in the 1978 Izu Ōshima earthquake. 129 people were injured. 85 homes were destroyed and 544 were damaged. | 29 | 129 |
25[6][7] | ![]() | 6.4 | 44.0 | VI |
February
Strongest magnitude | 7.2 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Total fatalities | 0 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 1 |
6.0–6.9 | 6 |
5.0–5.9 | 139 |
4.0–4.9 | 171 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
9[8] | ![]() | 7.2 | 33.0 | ||||
11[9] | ![]() | 6.6 | 33.0 | Aftershock. | |||
15[10][11][12] | ![]() | 4.8 | 33.0 | IV | 20 people were injured and 525 homes were destroyed. | 20 | |
20[13][14][15] | ![]() | 6.1 | 60.0 | VIII | 30 people were hurt and some damage was caused. | 30 |
March
Strongest magnitude | 7.6 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Deadliest | 5.6 Mw ![]() 2 deaths |
Total fatalities | 4 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 3 |
6.0–6.9 | 15 |
5.0–5.9 | 210 |
4.0–4.9 | 311 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
3[16] | ![]() | 6.2 | 33.0 | ||||
4[17] | ![]() | 6.3 | 33.0 | ||||
4[18][19] | ![]() | 6.2 | 78.0 | V | |||
7[20] | ![]() | 6.9 | 439.0 | A magnitude 6.0 foreshock occurred seconds earlier. | |||
11[21][22][23] | ![]() | 5.6 | 33.0 | V | 2 people died and at least 51 were injured. Some damage was reported. | 2 | 51 |
16[24][25][26] | ![]() | 5.9 | 33.0 | VII | 1 person was killed and some damage was caused. | 1 | |
19[27][28][29] | ![]() | 6.4 | 36.0 | VII | 1 person died and 25 people were injured. Some damage was caused. | 1 | 25 |
22[30][31] | ![]() | 6.7 | 33.0 | IV | Beginning of a series of large events. | ||
22[32][33][34] | ![]() | 6.6 | 33.0 | V | |||
23[35][36][37] | ![]() | 6.8 | 46.0 | V | |||
23[38][39][40] | ![]() | 7.5 | 33.0 | VIII | A small tsunami was observed. | ||
23[41] | ![]() | 6.8 | 33.0 | ||||
24[42][43][44] | ![]() | 7.6 | 33.0 | VI | A small tsunami was observed. | ||
24[45][46][47] | ![]() | 7.1 | 33.0 | VIII | Major damage was reported. |
April
Strongest magnitude | 6.7 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Deadliest | 5.7 Mw ![]() 5 deaths |
Total fatalities | 5 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 0 |
6.0–6.9 | 7 |
5.0–5.9 | 105 |
4.0–4.9 | 230 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
4[48][49] | ![]() | 6.0 | 27.0 | VII | |||
4[50][51] | ![]() | 6.1 | 35.0 | IV | |||
10[52] | ![]() | 6.7 | 33.0 | ||||
12[53][54] | ![]() | 6.6 | 14.0 | V | |||
13[55][56][57] | ![]() | 5.7 | 33.0 | VI | Some damage was caused. | ||
15[58][59][60] | ![]() | 5.7 | 14.0 | VI | 5 people were killed. 400 homes were destroyed. | 5 | |
29[61][62] | ![]() | 6.2 | 46.0 | V |
May
Strongest magnitude | 6.8 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Total fatalities | 0 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 0 |
6.0–6.9 | 5 |
5.0–5.9 | 133 |
4.0–4.9 | 243 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
13[63][64] | ![]() | 6.7 | 160.0 | V | |||
23[65][66] | ![]() | 6.3 | 161.0 | V | |||
23[67][68][69] | ![]() | 5.7 | 10.0 | VII | 2 people were injured and some damage was caused. | 2 | |
24[70][71] | ![]() | 6.7 | 25.0 | IV | |||
26[72] | ![]() | 6.8 | 33.0 |
June
Strongest magnitude | 7.7 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Deadliest | 6.4 Mw ![]() 50 deaths |
Total fatalities | 78 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 2 |
6.0–6.9 | 9 |
5.0–5.9 | 98 |
4.0–4.9 | 229 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
3[73][74] | ![]() | 4.9 | 19.0 | IV | 1 person was injured and some damage was caused. | 1 | |
4[75][76] | ![]() | 6.0 | 33.0 | VI | |||
11[77] | ![]() | 6.2 | 33.0 | ||||
12[78][79][80] | ![]() | 7.7 | 44.0 | VIII | Largest event of 1978. The 1978 Miyagi earthquake caused 28 deaths and nearly 10,000 injuries. Property damage was extensive with costs reaching $865 million (1978 rate). A tsunami was generated. | 28 | 10,000 |
14[81][82] | ![]() | 6.3 | 40.0 | IV | Aftershock. | ||
14[83][84] | ![]() | 6.9 | 24.0 | VII | |||
16[85][86] | ![]() | 6.0 | 139.0 | IV | |||
17[87] | ![]() | 7.0 | 33.0 | ||||
20[88][89][90] | ![]() | 6.4 | 3.0 | IX | The 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake resulted in 50 deaths and at least 101 injuries. Major damage was caused with costs being $250 million (1978 rate). | 50 | 101 |
24[91][92] | ![]() | 6.4 | 33.0 | V |
July
Strongest magnitude | 7.4 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Deadliest | 4.9 Mw ![]() 17 deaths |
Total fatalities | 17 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 1 |
6.0–6.9 | 4 |
5.0–5.9 | 112 |
4.0–4.9 | 206 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
22[93][94] | ![]() | 6.0 | 43.0 | VI | |||
23[95][96] | ![]() | 7.4 | 17.0 | VI | |||
29[97][98][99] | ![]() | 4.9 | 10.0 | VI | 17 people were killed and a further 101 were injured. Some damage was caused. | 17 | 101 |
August
Strongest magnitude | 7.0 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Total fatalities | 0 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 1 |
6.0–6.9 | 6 |
5.0–5.9 | 118 |
4.0–4.9 | 166 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
3[100][101][102] | ![]() | 6.3 | 58.0 | IX | 13 people were hurt and major damage was caused. | 13 | |
3[103][104] | ![]() | 6.1 | 33.0 | V | |||
13[105][106][107] | ![]() | 5.1 | 18.0 | VII | 65 people were injured and property damage worth $15 million (1978 rate) was caused by the 1978 Santa Barbara earthquake. | 65 | |
23[108][109] | ![]() | 7.0 | 56.0 | VIII |
September
Strongest magnitude | 7.4 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Deadliest | 7.4 Mw ![]() 20,000 deaths |
Total fatalities | 20,000 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 1 |
6.0–6.9 | 7 |
5.0–5.9 | 121 |
4.0–4.9 | 210 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
1[110][111] | ![]() | 6.2 | 33.0 | VI | |||
2[112][113] | ![]() | 6.1 | 109.0 | V | |||
3[114][115][116] | ![]() | 5.3 | 8.0 | VIII | Many (at least 101) people were injured. Major damage was reported with costs reaching $150 million (1978 rate). | 101 | |
6[117][118] | ![]() | 6.0 | 198.0 | IV | |||
15[119] | ![]() | 6.0 | 0.0 | Nuclear test. | |||
16[120][121][122] | ![]() | 7.4 | 33.0 | IX | Deadliest event of 1978. Around 20,000 people were killed in the 1978 Tabas earthquake. Major property damage was caused with costs reaching $50 million (1978 rate). | 20,000 | |
23[123][124] | ![]() | 6.3 | 201.0 | IV |
October
Strongest magnitude | 5.9 Mw 2 events |
---|---|
Total fatalities | 0 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 0 |
6.0–6.9 | 0 |
5.0–5.9 | 120 |
4.0–4.9 | 136 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
November
Strongest magnitude | 7.7 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Deadliest | 7.7 Mw ![]() 9 deaths |
Total fatalities | 9 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 2 |
6.0–6.9 | 6 |
5.0–5.9 | 125 |
4.0–4.9 | 221 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
1[125][126][127] | ![]() | 6.8 | 40.0 | IX | Major damage was caused. | ||
4[128][129] | ![]() | 6.1 | 34.0 | VI | |||
4[130][131] | ![]() | 6.9 | 33.0 | VI | Beginning of a series of events. | ||
4[132][133] | ![]() | 6.0 | 33.0 | V | |||
5[134][135] | ![]() | 7.1 | 33.0 | VII | |||
7[136][137] | ![]() | 6.1 | 33.0 | VI | |||
29[138] | ![]() | 6.0 | 0.0 | Nuclear test. | |||
29[139][140][141] | ![]() | 7.7 | 18.0 | IX | Largest event in 1978. 9 people were killed in the 1978 Oaxaca earthquake. At least 101 people were injured. Some damage was caused. | 9 | 101 |
December
Strongest magnitude | 7.0 Mw ![]() |
---|---|
Deadliest | 6.2 Mw ![]() 76 deaths |
Total fatalities | 78 |
Number by magnitude | |
8.0–8.9 | 0 |
7.0–7.9 | 1 |
6.0–6.9 | 9 |
5.0–5.9 | 112 |
4.0–4.9 | 274 |
Date | Country and location | Mw | Depth (km) | MMI | Notes | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead | Injured | ||||||
1[142][143] | ![]() | 6.0 | 93.0 | IV | |||
6[144][145][146] | ![]() | 6.7 | 91.0 | VIII | Some damage was caused. | ||
12[147][148] | ![]() | 6.9 | 33.0 | IX | |||
14[149][150][151] | ![]() | 6.2 | 33.0 | VII | 76 people were killed and at least 51 were injured. Some damage was caused. | 76 | 51 |
18[152] | ![]() | 6.0 | 0.0 | Nuclear test. | |||
21[153][154] | ![]() | 6.3 | 30.0 | V | |||
23[155][156][157] | ![]() | 7.0 | 33.0 | VI | 2 people were killed and 3 were injured. | 2 | 3 |
References
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Luzon, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. January 6, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Luzon, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. January 6, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.6 - near the south coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. January 14, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.6 - near the south coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. January 14, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: TOKKAIDO, OSHIMA". National Geophysical Data Center. January 14, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.4 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. January 25, 1978. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.4 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. January 25, 1978. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.2 - Kermadec Islands, New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. February 9, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.6 - Kermadec Islands, New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. February 11, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
- ↑ "M 4.8 - eastern Turkey". United States Geological Survey. February 15, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
- ↑ "M 4.8 - eastern Turkey". United States Geological Survey. February 15, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: TURKEY". National Geophysical Data Center. February 15, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. February 20, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. February 20, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: OFUNATO, TOHOKU". National Geophysical Data Center. February 20, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - Tonga". United States Geological Survey. March 3, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Tonga". United States Geological Survey. March 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. March 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. March 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.9 - Izu Islands, Japan region". United States Geological Survey. March 7, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.6 - southern Italy". United States Geological Survey. March 11, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.6 - southern Italy". United States Geological Survey. March 11, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: ITALY: SICILY". National Geophysical Data Center. March 11, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.9 - western Afghanistan". United States Geological Survey. March 16, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.9 - western Afghanistan". United States Geological Survey. March 16, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: PAKISTAN: QUETTA, NUSHKI". National Geophysical Data Center. March 16, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.4 - Guerrero, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. March 19, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.4 - Guerrero, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. March 19, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: MEXICO: ACAPULCO". National Geophysical Data Center. March 19, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.6 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.6 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.8 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.8 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.5 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.5 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.8 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.6 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.6 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.1 - Kyrgyzstan". United States Geological Survey. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.1 - Kyrgyzstan". United States Geological Survey. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: KAZAKHSTAN: ALMA-ATA". National Geophysical Data Center. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - western Xizang". United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - western Xizang". United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - north of Panama". United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - north of Panama". United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - south of Lombok, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. April 10, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.6 - Kodiak Island region, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. April 12, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.6 - Kodiak Island region, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. April 12, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.7 - Serbia". United States Geological Survey. April 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.7 - Serbia". United States Geological Survey. April 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: BALKANS NW: SERBIA: BRUS". National Geophysical Data Center. April 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.7 - Sicily, Italy". United States Geological Survey. April 15, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.7 - Sicily, Italy". United States Geological Survey. April 15, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: ITALY: SICILY". National Geophysical Data Center. April 15, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. April 29, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. April 29, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - Vanuatu". United States Geological Survey. May 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - Vanuatu". United States Geological Survey. May 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Kyushu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Kyushu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.7 - Greece". United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.7 - Greece". United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: GREECE: THESSALONIKI, VOLVI, LANGADAS". National Geophysical Data Center. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. May 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. May 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.8 - Volcano Islands, Japan region". United States Geological Survey. May 26, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ↑ "M 4.9 - western Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. June 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: S HONSHU: HIROSHIMA". National Geophysical Data Center. June 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - western Uzbekistan". United States Geological Survey. June 4, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - western Uzbekistan". United States Geological Survey. June 4, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - Tonga". United States Geological Survey. June 11, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.7 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. June 12, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.7 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. June 12, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: SANRIKU". National Geophysical Data Center. June 12, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. June 14, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. June 14, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.9 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. June 14, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.9 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. June 14, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. June 16, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. June 16, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.0 - Tonga region". United States Geological Survey. June 17, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.4 - Greece". United States Geological Survey. June 20, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.4 - Greece". United States Geological Survey. June 20, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: GREECE: THESSALONIKI". National Geophysical Data Center. June 20, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.4 - southern Sumatra, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. June 24, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.4 - southern Sumatra, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. June 24, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. July 22, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. July 22, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.4 - Taiwan region". United States Geological Survey. July 23, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.4 - Taiwan region". United States Geological Survey. July 23, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 4.9 - Guatemala". United States Geological Survey. July 29, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 4.9 - Guatemala". United States Geological Survey. July 29, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: GUATEMALA: PATZUN". National Geophysical Data Center. July 29, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Atacama, Chile". United States Geological Survey. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Atacama, Chile". United States Geological Survey. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: CHILE: NORTHERN: COPIAPO-TALTAI". National Geophysical Data Center. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - near the north coast of Papua, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - near the north coast of Papua, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.1 - 12km S of Santa Barbara, CA". United States Geological Survey. August 13, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.1 - 12km S of Santa Barbara, CA". United States Geological Survey. August 13, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: CALIFORNIA: SOUTHERN". National Geophysical Data Center. August 13, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.0 - Costa Rica". United States Geological Survey. August 23, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.0 - Costa Rica". United States Geological Survey. August 23, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. September 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. September 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - Taiwan". United States Geological Survey. September 2, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - Taiwan". United States Geological Survey. September 2, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.3 - Germany". United States Geological Survey. September 3, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 5.3 - Germany". United States Geological Survey. September 3, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: GERMANY". National Geophysical Data Center. September 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Vanuatu". United States Geological Survey. September 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Vanuatu". United States Geological Survey. September 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 Nuclear Explosion - eastern Kazakhstan". United States Geological Survey. September 15, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.4 - eastern Iran". United States Geological Survey. September 16, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.4 - eastern Iran". United States Geological Survey. September 16, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: IRAN: TABAS". National Geophysical Data Center. September 16, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Vanuatu". United States Geological Survey. September 23, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Vanuatu". United States Geological Survey. September 23, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.8 - Tajikistan". United States Geological Survey. November 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.8 - Tajikistan". United States Geological Survey. November 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: UZBEKISTAN: ANDIZHAN; TAJIKISTAN: DUSHANBE". National Geophysical Data Center. November 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - northwestern Iran". United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - northwestern Iran". United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.9 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.9 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.1 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.1 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 7, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 7, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 Nuclear Explosion - eastern Kazakhstan". United States Geological Survey. November 29, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.7 - Oaxaca, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. November 29, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.7 - Oaxaca, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. November 29, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: MEXICO: OAXACA". National Geophysical Data Center. November 29, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. December 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. December 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. December 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.7 - Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. December 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. December 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.9 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. December 12, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.9 - Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. December 12, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - western Iran". United States Geological Survey. December 14, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.2 - western Iran". United States Geological Survey. December 14, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: IRAN: MASJED-E-SOLEYMAN". National Geophysical Data Center. December 14, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.0 Nuclear Explosion - Russia-Kazakhstan border region". United States Geological Survey. December 18, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. December 21, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.3 - Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. December 21, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.0 - Taiwan region". United States Geological Survey. December 23, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "M 7.0 - Taiwan region". United States Geological Survey. December 23, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake: TAIWAN: PINTUNG". National Geophysical Data Center. December 23, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.