List of megaprojects

This is a list of megaprojects, which may be defined as:

Projects that cost more than US$1 billion and attract a large amount of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, the natural and built environment, and budgets.
Projects with "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public".^[1]

Some examples include bridges, tunnels, highways, railways, hospitals, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and weapons systems. This list identifies a wide variety of examples of major historic and contemporary projects that meet one or both megaproject criteria identified above.

Legend

Terms used in the Status column	Status color
Proposed
In Planning, Approved, Under/In Development, Under Construction, Re-Construction In Progress, Nearly Complete
On Hold
Abandoned, Cancelled
Completed

Aerospace projects

Boeing 787

Project	Companies	Location	Proposal year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Airbus A380	Airbus		2003	Completed	2021	$25 billion USD	A double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner.
Antonov An-225	Antonov		1988	Completed			This was the longest and heaviest aircraft in service until it was destroyed during the 2022 Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Only one unit was ever completed.
Boeing B-29 Superfortress	Boeing	United States	1943	Completed	1946	$3 billion USD	The first nuclear bomber, which cost 50% more than the development of the bombs in the Manhattan Project.
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress	Boeing	United States	1952	Completed	1963		With six decades of service as a strategic nuclear bomber, it is one of the largest military aircraft ever built. Every other bomber produced in the US after the B-52 have been megaprojects; however, it has not been replaced nor will it be in the foreseeable future.
Boeing 2707 and Lockheed L-2000 supersonic aircraft	Lockheed, Boeing, US Department of Defense	United States	1963	Cancelled	1971		Initiated in 1963 via a US government-funded competition to build the United States' first Supersonic Transport (SST), prototypes never built, ultimately canceled due to political, environmental and economic reasons in 1971.
Boeing 747	Boeing		1970	Completed	2023		A wide-body commercial airliner first produced in 1970, often referred to by the nickname Jumbo Jet, is among the world's most recognizable aircraft with uses for long-distance passenger transport, cargo, the US President's official shuttle plane, and as NASA's Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.	^[2]^[3]
Boeing 787	Boeing	United States	2007	Completed	Ongoing		Made with local and globally sourced parts; the first major aircraft to be made largely out of composite materials.	^[4]
Concorde	Aérospatiale, British Aircraft Corporation	United Kingdom, France	1965	Completed	1979		A product of an Anglo-French government treaty, the supersonic passenger airliner Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued commercial flights for twenty-seven years.
Convair B-58 Hustler	Convair	United States	1960	Completed	1970		An all-weather, high altitude supersonic bomber with a fixed delta wing and 4 engines. The Hustler was operational from 1960 to 1970 in the US Air Force's Strategic Air Command for the deployment of up to 5 gravity nuclear weapons.
Lockheed C-5 Galaxy	Lockheed	United States		Completed		Over $1 million	The largest and heaviest aircraft of any kind for over a decade (1970 to 1982). This military cargo plane was the first development program with a billion dollar cost overrun.	^[5]^[6]
F-22 Raptor	Lockheed Martin	United States	1996	Completed	2011		A single seat, twin-engine fifth-generation fighter that uses stealth technology.
F-35 Lightning II	Lockheed Martin	United States	2006	Completed	Ongoing		A single seat, single engine, all-weather stealth multirole combat aircraft that is intended to perform both air superiority and strike missions.
Sukhoi Su-57/HAL FGFA	Sukhoi, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited	Russia/India		Completed			Two variants of fifth-generation stealth fighters jointly developed for the Russian and Indian Air Forces.
Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit	Northrop Grumman	United States	1987	Completed	2000		A US heavy bomber with "low observable" stealth. Total program cost including development, engineering, and testing averaged $2.1 billion per aircraft in 1997.	^[7]
KH-11	Lockheed	United States	1976	Completed	1990		Reconnaissance satellite.
Rockwell B-1 Lancer	Rockwell International	United States	1980s	Completed			A supersonic bomber with a variable-sweep wing built in the 1980s as a strategic bomber. It has since acquired conventional and multi-role capabilities.
Tupolev Tu-144	Tupolev	Soviet Union	1968	Completed			The first supersonic transport aircraft. First flown on 31 Dec 1968; entered service on 26 Dec 1975.
Tupolev Tu-160	Tupolev	Soviet Union		Completed			The world's largest and heaviest combat aircraft, the world's largest supersonic aircraft, and the largest variable-sweep aircraft ever built.

Disaster cleanup

While most megaprojects are planned and undertaken with careful forethought, some are undertaken out of necessity after a natural disaster occurs. There have also been a few human-made disasters. Major restoration was necessary after the destruction caused by World War I and II, some of which was paid for by German reparations for World War I and for World War II.

Project	Location	Disaster	Disaster year	Status	Completion year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Great Mississippi Flood relief	Mississippi Delta region	Great Mississippi Flood of 1927	1927	completed		$246 million to $1 billion	$4.2–$17.3 billion in 2023 dollars	^[8]
Mount St. Helens eruption cleanup	Washington state, USA	1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens	1980			$1.1 billion		^[9]
Chernobyl New Safe Confinement	Chernobyl, Ukraine	Chernobyl disaster	1986	Completed	2019	€2.15 billion	The New Safe Confinement accounts for €1.5 billion, with the remainder going to related remedial work and maintenance.	^[10]^[11]
Exxon Valdez oil spill	Prince William Sound	Exxon Valdez oil spill	1989			Over $2 billion		^[12]
Northridge earthquake disaster relief	Los Angeles, USA	1994 Northridge earthquake	1994			$13-50 billion
AZF chemical factory explosion cleanup	Toulouse, France	Toulouse chemical factory explosion	2001			€2 billion		^[12]^[13]
Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	Indian Ocean coastline areas	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami	2004			$6.25 billion USD		^[14]
Hurricane Katrina disaster relief	Atlantic basin countries	Hurricane Katrina	2005			$190 billion		^[15]
Deepwater Horizon cleanup	Gulf of Mexico	Deepwater Horizon oil spill	2010			$65 billion		^[12]^[16]
Fukushima disaster cleanup	Fukushima, Japan	Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster	2011	Ongoing		$187 billion USD	Cost includes compensation, decontamination, interim storage, and decommissioning of reactors.	^[17]
Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami disaster relief	Pacific Rim	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami	2011			$360 billion USD	Cost includes Fukushima disaster cleanup and economic losses.	^[18]^[19]

Construction of the new confinement structure for the nuclear reactor that melted down at Chernobyl in Ukraine.
Bags of oily waste are piled up during the cleanup of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989.
Tsunami cleanup in Japan.
A Moore, Oklahoma resident begins cleaning debris from the wreckage of his home in the aftermath of the 2013 tornado.

Energy projects

Project	Location	Capacity (MW)	Start year	Status	Completion year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Australia-Asia Power Link	Northern Territory, Australia			Proposed		$30 billion AUD (est.)	Electricity infrastructure project planned to include the world's largest solar plant, the world's largest battery, and the world's longest submarine power cable.
Bhadla Solar Park	Rajasthan, India	2,245		Completed	2020		One of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.	^[20]^[21]^[22]
Benban Solar Park	Egypt	1,500		Completed	2019
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant	Morong, Bataan, Philippines			Completed	1984	Over $2.3 billion USD	The plant never opened due to political change and safety issues, and its planned reactivation has become the focal point of the Anti-nuclear movement in the Philippines.	^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]
Boundary Dam Power Station	Saskatchewan, Canada	531	1959	Completed		$1.5 billion CAD	The world's first large-scale, coal-fired carbon capture and storage plant	^[29]
Genesis Solar Energy Project	Blythe, California, USA	250		Completed	2014		One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility	Mojave Desert, California, USA	392		Completed			One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations. Operational since February 2014.
Kemper County Energy Facility	Mississippi, USA	582	2010	Suspended	$7.5 billion USD		The world's first construction attempt of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant with Carbon Capture & Sequestration. However, after significant delays and cost overruns, the gasification process is currently suspended and the power plant runs just on regular natural gas.	^[30]
Mojave Solar Project	Barstow, California, USA	280		Completed	2014		One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.
Noor Abu Dhabi	Abu Dhabi, UAE	1,177		Completed	2019		One of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.	^[31]
Olkiluoto 3	Eurajoki, Finland			Completed	2022		Began regular operations in April 2023.	^[32]^[33]
Panamanian Natural Gas electric power plant	Colón Province, Panama						It is meant as a port for supplying Natural Gas to other Central American countries. It currently has an investment of $1.15 billion USD.	^[34]
Pavagada Solar Park	Karnataka, India	2,050		Completed	2019		One of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.	^[35]^[36]
Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park	Bahawalpur, Pakistan	1,000	2015	In progress			Phase-1 of 100 MW Operational since 2015. Expected to be one of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.
Solana Generating Station	Gila Bend, Arizona, USA	280		Completed	2013		Includes a 6h thermal energy storage. One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.
Solar Energy Generating Systems	Mojave Desert, California, USA	354	1984-1991	Completed			Collection of 9 units. One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.
Tengger Desert Solar Park	Ningxia, China	1,547		Completed	2016		One of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.	^[37]^[38]
Three Gorges Dam	Hubei Province, China	22,500	1994	Completed	2003	¥203 billion	The largest hydro-electric facility in the world.
Tres Amigas SuperStation	United States		n/a	Cancelled	n/a	$2 billion (early estimate)	A proposed interconnection between the Eastern Interconnection, the Western Interconnection, and the Texas Interconnection, effectively connecting nearly all electrical grids in North America.
Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station	Jenkinsville, South Carolina, USA	973	2013	Cancelled		Over $2.5 billion USD	The project planned to construct some of the first new nuclear units in the United States in over 30 years at an existing nuclear power plant. The project was cancelled and all work stopped in July 2017.	^[39]
Vogtle Electric Generating Plant	Waynesboro, Georgia, USA		2013	In progress	2024 (proj.)		Construction of two new nuclear units at an existing nuclear power plant.

Science projects

CMS detector for LHC

Research and development efforts

Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Copernicus	European Union	1998	Ongoing		€6.8 billion (2020)	Satellite constellation program for global monitoring
COVID-19 vaccine development	Worldwide	2020	Completed	2023	$93 billion USD (2021)	Global efforts to develop a vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus	^[40]
Human Genome Project	United States/Worldwide	1990	Completed	2003	$5 billion USD (2021 adj.)	U.S.-led international effort to sequence the human genome	^[41]
Manhattan Project	United States	1942	Completed	1946	$22.8 billion USD (2021 adj.)	U.S. government effort to produce the first nuclear bombs.	^[42]

Physics and Astronomy infrastructure

Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Atacama Large Millimeter Array	Atacama Desert, Chile		Completed
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility	Fermilab, Sanford Underground Research Facility, USA	2032 (proj.)	Proposed		$3 billion USD (phase 1 est.)		^[43]
Electron-ion collider	Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA	2020	In progress		$1.6 - $2.6 billion USD
Envisat	Outer space	2002	Completed			An Earth observation satellite of the European Space Agency; inactive since 2012.
European Spallation Source	Lund, Sweden	2013	In progress	2025 (proj.)		Strongest-ever spallation source for advanced and new material research development.
European X-ray free electron laser	Schenefeld, Germany	2017				Used for material research.
Extreme Light Infrastructure	Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania					European centers for the most intense lasers
Extremely Large Telescope	Chile	2014	In progress	2025 (proj.)		World's largest optical to mid infrared telescope.
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research	Darmstadt, Germany	2012	In progress	2025 (proj.)			^[44]
Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope	Guizhou Province, China	2011	Completed	2020	¥1.2 billion	The world's largest static/semi-static radio telescope measuring 500 meters across.
Giant Magellan Telescope	Vallenar, Chile	2015	In progress	2025 (proj.)	$2 billion USD	A large ground-based optical and near infrared telescope.
India-based Neutrino Observatory	Tamil Nadu, India	2015	In progress		₹1,500 (2015 est.)
ITER	France	2013	In progress	2025 (proj.)	Up to €65 billion (est.)	International effort to build the world's largest nuclear fusion reactor.
Large Hadron Collider	Switzerland, France					13 TeV CERN particle accelerator	^[45]
Advanced LIGO	Washington state and Louisiana, USA	1994	Completed	2002	More than $1 billion USD	A large-scale physics experiment and observatory to measure gravitational waves	^[46]
MYRRHA	Belgium		In progress	2036 (proj.)		Prototype of an accelerator-driven system to transmute nuclear waste
National Ignition Facility	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA	1997	Completed	2009	Almost $1 billion (2002 est.	United States nuclear fusion project
Ocean Networks Canada	University of Victoria, Canada					Largest underwater observatories, providing 24/7 access to hundreds of instruments in the Pacific Ocean and the Salish Sea.
Proton Improvement Project ("PIP II")		2020	In progress	2028 (proj.)	$1.28 billion USD	2022 est.	^[47]
Square Kilometre Array	South Africa, Australia	2018	In progress	2028 (proj.)
Superconducting Super Collider	Waxahachie, Texas, USA		Cancelled		$8.4 billion USD (1993 est.)	40 TeV particle accelerator
Tevatron	Batavia, Illinois, USA	1969	Completed	1983	$120 million USD	Inactive TeV particle accelerator.
Thirty Meter Telescope	Mauna Kea Observatories, USA	2014	Halted			Large optical and near infrared telescope. Halted due to protests.
Very Large Array	New Mexico, USA	1973	Completed	1980		Radio astronomy observatory.
Wendelstein 7-X	Greifswald, Germany	2005	Completed	2015		An experimental stellarator (nuclear fusion reactor)

Spacecraft

Project	Organization(s)	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics	ESA	2000s	In progress	2035 (proj.)		Planned X-ray telescope.
Cassini–Huygens	NASA, ESA, ASI		Completed	2017	$3.26 billion USD	Spacecraft mission that studied Saturn and its many natural satellites.	^[48]
Chandrayaan program	ISRO	2003	Active		$170 million USD	Lunar exploration program.
Chang'e 1 to Chang'e 6	China		Active			Lunar exploration spacecraft equipped with landers, orbiters and rover. It will for the first time in history explore the dark side of the Moon.
Compass navigation system	China	Est. 2015	Completed	Est. 2017		Independent system of satellite navigation
Europa Clipper	NASA	2022	In development			Interplanetary mission to study Jupiter's moon Europa.
Gaia spacecraft	ESA	2013	Active	2025 (proj.)	$1 billion USD	Mission to create a 3D map of local Milky Way.	^[49]
Galileo Navigation Satellite System	European Union, ESA	2016	Active		€5		^[50]
Galileo spacecraft	NASA	1989	Completed	2003	$1.5 billion USD (2003)	Mission to Jupiter.	^[51]^[52]
Global Positioning System	United States Department of Defense	1973	Active		Over $21.7 billion USD	Global satellite navigation system.	^[53]
GLONASS	Roscosmos	1982	Active			The Russian global navigation satellite system.
Herschel Space Observatory	ESA, NASA	2009	Completed	2013	€1.1 billion	Space observatory sensitive to the far infrared and submillimetre bands.	^[54]
Hubble Space Telescope	NASA	1978	Active		$10 billion USD	Optical telescope orbiting in low Earth orbit	^[55]
International Space Station	NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, CSA	1998	Active		$150 billion USD (2010)
James Webb Space Telescope	NASA, ESA, CSA	2021	Active		$8.8 billion USD (2013)		^[56])
Juno spacecraft	NASA	2011	Active			New Frontiers mission to Jupiter
Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer	ESA	2023	Active			Mission to Jupiter
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna	ESA	2032 (proj.)	Proposed			An L3 class mission designed to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves.
Lunokhod ("Moonwalker")	Soviet space program	1969	Completed	1977		Inactive series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon. Lunokhod 1 was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world.
Mars program	Soviet space program	1960	Completed	1973		Inactive series of uncrewed spacecraft. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters.
Mars Science Laboratory (with Curiosity)	NASA	2011	Active		$2.5 billion USD		^[57]
Mars 2020 (with Perseverance and Ingenuity	NASA	2020	Active			A Mars rover mission under the Mars Exploration Program.
Mir	Soviet space program, Roscosmos	1986	Completed	2001		Russian space station in low Earth orbit.
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope	NASA	2027 (proj.)	In development			A wide field infrared space telescope.
NAVIC	ISRO	2013	Active			The Indian equivalent of GPS.
Orion spacecraft	NASA	2014	Active			Part of the Artemis program.
Planck spacecraft	ESA	2009	Completed	2013		A mission to measure the cosmic microwave background.
Venera	Soviet space program	1961	Completed	1984		Venus series space probes developed to gather data from Venus. Venera 7 became the first spacecraft to land on Venus and first to transmit data from there back to Earth.
Sutherland spaceport	British space programme	2023	In development			This will be the first spaceport in the UK.

Other spaceflight projects

Project	Organization(s)	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer	NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, CSA	2011	Active		$2 billion	A particle physics experiment module mounted on the International Space Station	^[58]
Apollo program	NASA	1960	Completed	1975	$203.4 billion USD (2015)	As a centerpiece of the US Space Program, culminated in crewed exploratory missions to the Moon.	^[59]
Ariane	ESA	1973	Active			A family of European launch vehicles; the most recent development is Ariane 6.
Artemis program	NASA with partners JAXA, ESA, CSA, DLR, ASI, ISA	2017	Active
Avatar RLV	DRDO, ISRO		Proposed			Indian version of the Space Shuttle.
Baikonur Cosmodrome	Soviet space program, Roscosmos, Russian Aerospace Forces	1955	Active			The world's first and largest operational space launch facility. It was originally built by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the Soviet space program.
Buran program	Soviet space program, Roscosmos	1974	Cancelled	1993		Soviet version of the Space Shuttle.
Constellation program	NASA	2005	Cancelled	2010		Cancelled planned Moon landing spacecraft and Space Shuttle replacement. Part of it lives on as future Crew Escape Vehicle for the ISS.
SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure	SpaceX	2016	Active			A privately funded spaceflight system capable of enabling human settlements on Mars.
Kennedy Space Center	NASA	1968	Active			The main spaceport for US-crewed space flight.
Shenzhou program	China Manned Space Agency	1992	Active			Chinese human spaceflight program.
Soyuz program	Soviet space program, Roscosmos	1966	Active			Human spaceflight program.
Soviet Moonshot	Soviet space program	1962	Cancelled	1969		Cancelled Moon landing program.
Space Launch System	NASA	2011	Active			An American Space Shuttle-derived heavy expendable launch vehicle.
Space Shuttle program	NASA	1972	Completed	2011	$203.6 billion USD (2015)	Low Earth orbiters designed as crewed cargo vessels that could be reused after each spaceflight and landed like a glider.	^[60]
Vostochny Cosmodrome ("Eastern Spaceport")	Roscosmos	2011	Active			Russian spaceport on the 51st parallel north.
Vostok program	Soviet space program	1959	Completed	1963		Soviet program to put the first man in space.

Sports and culture projects

Every Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup in the latter part of the twentieth century and entering into the 21st century has cost more than $1 billion in arenas, hotels etc., usually several billions. The Olympic Games are considered to be the world's foremost international sporting event with over 200 nations participating. Sports-related costs for the Summer Games since 1960 is on average $5.2 billion (USD) and for the Winter Games $393.1 million dollars. The highest recorded total cost was the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, costing approximately US$55 billion. The International Olympic Committee requires a minimum of 40,000 hotel rooms available for visiting spectators and an Olympic Village that is able to house 15,000 athletes, referees, and officials.

Project	Organization(s)	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Allegiant Stadium	National Football League	Paradise, Nevada, USA		Completed	2020	$1.9 billion USD	This domed stadium is home to the Las Vegas Raiders as well as a local college team, the UNLV Rebels	^[61]
AT&T Stadium	National Football League	Arlington, Texas, USA		Completed	2009	$1.3 billion (2009)	A retractable-roof stadium that houses the Dallas Cowboys. It also hosts other major events, most notably the Big 12 Championship Game and Cotton Bowl Classic in college football.	^[62]
Barclays Center	National Basketball Association	Brooklyn, New York, USA		Completed	2012	$1 billion (2012)	Home of the Brooklyn Nets. Also served as full-time or part-time home of the NHL's New York Islanders from 2015 to 2020.	^[63]
Climate Pledge Arena	National Hockey League	Seattle, Washington, USA		Completed	2021	$1.05 billion (2021)	Renovation and expansion of Seattle's main indoor arena for the Seattle Kraken, which started NHL play in the rebuilt venue in 2021. The originally planned cost of $700 million was increased due to changes to the arena plans and COVID-19 issues. A very small part of the total cost was to pay for another major arena tenant, the Seattle Storm of the WNBA, to move its home games to other area venues during the project. The arena will also be suitable for a potential NBA franchise in the city.	^[64]
Globe Life Field	Major League Baseball	Arlington, Texas, USA		Completed	2020	$1.1 billion (2020)	This retractable-roof stadium houses the Texas Rangers.	^[65]
Guangzhou Evergrande Football Stadium	China League One	Guangzhou, Guangdong, China	2020	Cancelled	2022	¥12 billion (2022)	100,000-seat football stadium intended to be the future home of Guangzhou F.C. of the Chinese Super League. Construction began in April 2020 and cancelled in 2022 due Evergrande's financial difficulties.
Levi's Stadium	National Football League	Santa Clara, California, USA		Completed	2014	$1.3 billion (2014)	An open-air stadium that houses the San Francisco 49ers.	^[66]
Mercedes-Benz Stadium	National Football League	Atlanta, Georgia, USA		Completed	2017	$1.6 billion (2017)	A retractable-roof stadium to house the Atlanta Falcons, as well as Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer.
MetLife Stadium	National Football League	East Rutherford, New Jersey, USA		Completed	2010	$1.6 billion (2010)	An open-air stadium to house two NFL teams, the New York Giants and New York Jets.
Narendra Modi Stadium	Indian Premier League	Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India	2015	Completed	2020	$110 million USD (2020)	It is the largest cricket stadium in the world with a seating capacity of 132,000 spectators.	^[67]
Sardar Vallbhbhai Patel Sports Enclave	Summer Olympic Games	Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India	2021	In progress		$640 million USD (2021)
SoFi Stadium	National Football League	Inglewood, California, USA		Completed	2020	$4.9 billion (2020)	This domed stadium houses two NFL teams, the Los Angeles Rams, who own the stadium, and the Los Angeles Chargers.	^[68]
Tottenham Hotspur Stadium	Premier League	London, England, UK		Completed	2019	£850 million (2019)	Home to the Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Also designed to host American football games in the NFL International Series	^[69]
U.S. Bank Stadium	National Football League	Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA		Completed	2016	$1.061 billion (2016)	A domed stadium that is home to the Minnesota Vikings.	^[70]
UBS Arena	National Hockey League	Elmont, New York, USA	2019	Completed	2021	$1 billion (2021)	This new multi-use arena is designed to handle 18,000 seats to host New York Islanders home games.	^[71]
Wembley Stadium	The Football Association	London, England, UK		Completed	2007	£798,000,000 (2007)	Home of the England national football team; also designed to host many other large events.	^[72]
Yankee Stadium	Major League Baseball	Bronx, New York, USA		Completed	2009	$2.309 billion (2009)	This open-air stadium opened as the replacement for the New York Yankees' original Yankee Stadium. It has since become home to a Major League Soccer team, New York City FC.	^[73]

Roads and transport infrastructure

The Third Mainland Bridge is currently the longest of three bridges connecting the island of Lagos to the mainland.

Ground transportation systems like roads, tunnels, bridges, terminals, railways, and mass transit systems are often megaprojects. Numerous large airports and terminals used for airborne passenger and cargo transportation are built as megaprojects.

Africa

Country	Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
African Union	Great Green Wall of the Sahara and the Sahel	Sahel region	2007	Active			Effort to prevent the expansion of the Sahara Desert
Nigeria	Abuja Light Rail	Abuja, FCT, Nigeria		Suspended	2020	$2.65 billion	The first phase of the project connects the city centre to Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, stopping at the Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway station in Idu. The first 12 stations opened in July 2018 before services were suspended in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.	^[74]^[75]^[76]
	Fourth Mainland Bridge	Lagos State	2022	In progress		$4.2 billion	The fourth mainland bridge will join three other bridges connecting Lagos Island to the mainland. The 38 km (24 mi) bridge and expressway will become the longest bridge and expressway in the world when completed.	^[77]
	Lagos-Calabar Railway	Lagos, Cross River, Rivers, Anambra States	2014	In progress		$11.920 billion	Phase 1 of this 1,402 km (871 mi)standard gauge railway will connect Lagos to Calabar; the second phase will connect Calabar and Lagos through Onitsha.	^[78]
	Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway	Lagos, Kano, Kaduna, and Oyo States; FCT	2016	In progress		$8.3 billion	This 2,733 km (1,698 mi) standard gauge railway has three planned routes: Abuja to Kaduna, Lagos and Ibadan, and Lagos to Kano. The first two lines opened in 2016 and 2021, respectively.	^[79]
	Lagos Rail Mass Transit	Lagos State	2009	In progress		$3.6 billion	An urban rail system that is planned to have seven lines. The first line opened in 2023.	^[80]^[81]
	Third Mainland Bridge	Lagos State	1970s	Completed	1990		Currently the longest of three bridges connecting Lagos Island to mainland Lagos. It is 11 km (6.8 mi) in length.

Asia

Country	Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Bangladesh	Padma Bridge	Munshiganj, Shariatpur, and Madaripur Districts	2014	Completed	2022	$3.6 billion	A 6.150 km (3.821 mi) two-level road-rail bridge. It is the longest bridge in Bangladesh, the second-longest in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the longest over the Ganges River in terms of both span and the total length.
	Dhaka Metro Rail	Dhaka	2016	In progress		$2.8 billion	Of the six planned lines, two are operational as of 2022 and 2023, respectively.
	Karnaphuli Tunnel	Chittagong	2017	Completed	2023	$1.2 billion	First underwater tunnel in the South Asian region.
	Bangabandhu Railway Bridge	Sirajganj to Tangail		In progress		$1.6 billion	A 4.8 km (3.0 mi) long railway bridge that is expected to be the largest dedicated rail bridge in the country after completion.
	Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport Terminal 3	Dhaka	2019	In progress	2024 (proj.)	$2.5 billion	Upon completion of the third terminal, passenger handling capacity of the airport will increase to 20 million from the current 8 million per annum. Cargo handling capacity will also increase to 500,000 from 200,000 tonnes annually.
	Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant	Ishwardi	2017	In progress	2025 (proj.)	$12.65 billion	It will be the country's first nuclear power plant.
	Central Business District	Purbachal		In progress		$17 billion	It will have three super-tall skyscrapers, surrounded by thirty-eight 40+ floor skyscrapers.
India	Bharatmala	Nationwide	2017	In progress		More than $110 billion	Road development project under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.	^[82]
	Char Dham Highway	Uttarakhand		In progress		More than $1.5 billion	A two-lane National Highway.
	Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project	Six Indian states		In progress		More than $90 billion	Investments will be spread across the 1,500 km (930 mi) long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor, which will serve as the industrial corridor's transportation backbone.	^[83]^[84]^[85]
	Hyderabad Metro Rail	Hyderabad, Telangana	2012	In progress		More than $2.5 billion	Two of the three planned lines became operational in 2017.	^[86]^[87]^[88]
	Hyperloop	Nationwide		Proposed			Proposal to establish hyperloop infrastructure for the Pune-Mumbai, Chennai-Bangalore, and Amaravati-Vijayawada corridors.	^[89]^[90]^[91]
	Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor	Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor		In progress	2027 proj.	More than $18 billion	When completed, it will be India's first high-speed rail line.	^[92]
	Navi Mumbai International Airport	Mumbai	2021	In progress	2024 (proj.)	More than $2.5 billion	This project aims to ease air traffic congestion at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.	^[93]
	Noida International Airport	Noida, Uttar Pradesh	2021	In progress		More than $4 billion	This airport aims to decongest the load of the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi by serving 120 million passengers per year over eight runways. The airport is expected to expand in three phases over 30 years and will be one of the world's largest airports upon completion. Phase 1 will be completed in 2024.	^[94]^[95]
	Sagarmala	Nationwide		In progress		More than $130 billion	A Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways project meant to enhance the country's logistics sector.	^[96]^[97]
Indonesia	Jakarta MRT	Jakarta		In progress		$2.86 billion	As of 2019, one of the four planned lines is operational. The next two lines to open are expected to open in 2024 and 2026.
	Greater Jakarta LRT	Jakarta	2004	In progress	2023	$1.58 billion	Phase 1, the Bekasi Line and part of the Cibubur Line, were completed in 2023.	^[98]
	Jakarta–Bandung HSR	Java	2016	In progress		$5.5 billion	3 of the 4 planned lines have been opened and are operational.
	Trans-Sumatra Toll Road	Sumatra		In progress		$33.2 billion	Of the 17 planned segments, 8 have been completed as of 2019.
Japan	Japan's Maglev High-Speed Rail (Chūō Shinkansen)	Tokyo–Nagoya–Osaka	2014	In progress	2037 proj.	¥9 trillion
Malaysia	Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project	Kuala Lumpur	2016	In progress	2028 proj.	RM50 billion	When completed, it will be operated as part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System.
	MRL East Coast Rail Link (ECRL)	Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor	2017	In progress	2027 proj.	RM44 billion
	Kuala Lumpur International Airport	Selangor	1993	Completed		RM3.92 billion
	Penang Sentral	Penang	2007	Completed	2018	RM230 million
	West Coast Expressway	Selangor and Perak	2014	In progress		RM5.044 billion
Pakistan	Karachi–Lahore Motorway	Karachi to Peshawar through Islamabad, Lahore, Multan and Sukkur	2015	Completed	2020	$6.6 billion	This six-lane, high-speed, limited-access motorway is 1,694 km (1,053 mi) in length.
	Karachi Circular Railway	Karachi	2001	In progress		$1.6 billion	Revival of the Karachi Circular Railway, which became operational in 1969 and closed in 1999 due to mismanagement. The project includes 23 stations, 3 lines and more than 50 km (31 mi) of track.
	Karachi Metrobus	Karachi	2013	In progress		$400 million	Two of the 6 planned lines are operational.
	Malir Expressway	Karachi	2022	In progress	2024 (proj.)	$400 million	As of August 2023, half of the 40.3 km (25.0 mi) expressway is operational.
	New Gwadar International Airport	Gwadar		In progress	2024 (proj.	$400 million	This will replace the existing Gwadar International Airport.
	Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line ML-1	Multiple Pakistani provinces	2024 (proj.)	In progress		$7 billion	This renovation is part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.
	Orange Line Metro	Lahore	2015	Completed	2020	$1.500 billion	This is the first of the three planned Lahore Metro lines and is Pakistan's first driverless metro.
China	China–Pakistan Economic Corridor	Pakistan and Xinjiang, China		In progress		$62 billion	The project aims to connect Gwadar Port to Xinjiang via a network of highways, railways and pipelines to transport oil and gas. The economic corridor is expected to run about 3,000 km (1,900 mi)	^[99]
	Beijing Daxing International Airport	Beijing	2014	Completed	2019	$17 billion
	Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge	Pearl River Delta	2009	Completed	2018	$10.600 billion
Philippines	Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge	Bataan-Cavite	2023	In progress		$3.75 billion	A 32 km (20 mi) bridge over Manila Bay that will connect Central and Southern Luzon.	^[100]
	Manila Metro Rail Transit System	Metro Manila	1996	In progress	2028 proj.	$15.845 million	One line operational as of 2020. It is expected to have a total of eight lines with a total length of 142 km (88 mi).	^[101]^[102]^[103]^[104]^[105]^[106]
	Mindanao Railway expansion	Mindanao						^[107]
	New Manila International Airport	Bulacan	2022	In progress	2027 proj.	$14.111 billion	Aims to decongest and eventually replace Ninoy Aquino International Airport. It will be operated by the San Miguel Corporation.	^[108]
	North–South Commuter Railway	Metro Manila, Central Luzon	2019	In progress	2029 proj.	$14.95 billion	The railway will connect Clark International Airport with Metro Manila and Calabarzon.	^[109]
	PNR South Long Haul	Luzon		In progress	2027 proj.	$3.45 billion		^[110]

South Luzon Expressway expansion	Metro Manila, Calabarzon	2006	In progress	$2.278 billion		Includes Toll Road 4 from Calamba to Lucena, Toll Road 5 from Lucena to Matnog, and the Pasig River Expressway.
Singapore	Cross Island MRT Line	Nationwide	2023	In progress		$40.7 billion SGD
	Changi Airport Terminal 5	Asia–Pacific	2022	In progress	Mid-2030s (proj.)	$10 billion USD	The terminal will be able to handle a capacity of 70 million passengers a year upon completion.
	Marina Coastal Expressway	Nationwide	2008	Completed	2013	$4.3 billion SGD	First undersea expressway in Singapore.	^[111]
	Tuas Mega Port			In progress		$20 billion	Tuas Port will be able to handle 65 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) annually, almost double the 36.9 million TEUs that Singapore handled in 2020.
South Korea	Incheon International Airport	Seoul Capital Area	1992	Completed	2024 (proj.)	Over 3,903₩ trillion	Intended to replace Gimpo International Airport	^[112]^[113]
Thailand	High-speed rail in Thailand	Central, Western and Southern Thailand		In progress	2037 (proj.)	$30 billion	The project consists of four high-speed rail corridors: one international corridor, which will be a part of the Kunming–Singapore Railway project after completion.
Vietnam	Long Thanh International Airport	Ho Chi Minh City	2019	In progress	After 2035 (proj.	$7.8 billion	This project is partially operational.

Middle East

Country	Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Bahrain	Bahrain International Airport Expansion Project	Muharraq, Muharraq Island		Completed	2021	$1.1 billion USD
Bahrain	Bahrain Light Rail Network	Nationwide		In progress	2025 (proj.)	$2 billion USD
Iran	Tehran-Shomal Freeway	Tehran-Mazandaran province		In progress		About $1 billion USD	Will be 121 kilometres (75 mi) in length. As of 2023, three of the four planned sections are operational.	^[114]
Israel	Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway	Tel Aviv-Jerusalem	2001	completed		$1.9 - $2.8 billion USD
Israel	Tel Aviv Light Rail	Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area	2015	In progress		₪187.5 billion	As of 2023, 1 of the 4 planned light rail transit has been completed. Three metro lines will also be constructed.
Kuwait	Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway Project	Kuwait Bay	2013	Completed	2019	$3 billion	Launching point of Madinat Al-Hareer in Subiya.
Kuwait	Kuwait International Airport Passenger Terminal 2	Kuwait City	2017	In progress	2025 (proj.)	$4.3 billion	Construction was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.	^[115]
Qatar	Doha Metro	Doha		In progress	2026 (proj.)	$36 billion	Construction will add 300 km (190 mi) of track.
Qatar	Qatar Expressway Programme	Doha		In progress		$28 billion USD (CAPEX)	This programme aims to deliver more than 800 km (500 mi) of new or upgraded roads and more than 200 interchanges in Qatar. It is part of the Qatar National Vision 2030. One of the motivating factors was the 2022 FIFA World Cup.	^[116]
Saudi Arabia	King Abdulaziz International Airport expansion	Jeddah	2006	Completed	2019	$7.2 billion
Saudi Arabia	Riyadh Metro	Riyadh	2014	Completed	2024 (proj.)	$23.5 billion		^[117]
UAE	Al Maktoum International Airport	Dubai		In progress	2030 (proj.)	$82 billion	Upon completion, it will be the fourth largest airport in the world.^[118]

Central America

Country	Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Ref
Costa Rica	Orotina Mega Airport	Orotina
	Green Costa Rican Canal
	Electric Train of The Great Metropolitan Area
Panama	4th bridge over the Panama Canal	Panama Canal		In progress		$1.4 billion
	Panama Metro line 1	Panama City	2010	Completed	2014	$1.8 billion
	Panama Metro line 2	Panama City	2015	Completed	2019	$2 billion	^[119]
	Panama Metro line 3	Panama City	2021	In progress	2025 (proj.)	$2.6 billion	^[120]

Europe

Country	Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Croatia	Pelješac Bridge	Dubrovnik-Neretva County	2018	Completed	2022	Around €420 million (€357 million of EU funds)	The bridge links the Croatian exclave to the rest of the country while bypassing Bosnia and Herzegovina's short coastal strip at Neum.	^[121]
Czech Republic	Blanka tunnel complex	Prague	2006	Completed	2015	$1.97 billion	The longest city tunnel in Europe at 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi)
Denmark/Germany	Fehmarn Belt fixed link	Lolland, Fehmarn	2021	In progress		€10 billion	An immersed tunnel connection the Danish island of Lolland with the German island of Fehmarn.
European Union	TEN-T Core Network	Europe		In progress		More than €600 billion	The purpose of the project is to connect nine European Corridors. The Trans-European conventional rail network is part of the EU megaproject to help alleviate and assist in the transport of goods throughout the 27 EU member states.	^[122]^[123]
France	Grand Paris Express	Paris	2015	In progress	2030 (proj.)	$45 billion	Lines will be opened in stages between 2024 and 2030.
Germany	German Reunification Transport Projects Number 8		Berlin Central Station and Nuremberg Main Station	In progress		$10 billion	Proposed after German Reunification, this is a set of major construction projects meant to increase and improve transport links between East and West Germany.
Greece	Athens Metro	Athens	2021	In progress	2029 or 2030 (proj.)	€5.75 billion	Lines 1, 2 and 3 are already operational and are undergoing upgrades.	^[124]^[125]^[126]
	Egnatia Odos	Igoumenitsa-Kipoi	1995	Completed		€5.93 billion	This project was built alongside the general route of the ancient Roman Via Egnatia and consisted of 670 kilometres (420 mi) of motorways.	^[127]
	Egnatia Railway	Alexandroupolis-Igoumenitsa		Approved		€10 billion	Proposed in 2017; upon completion, it will be Europe's largest railway megaproject.	^[128]^[129]
	Ionia Odos	Ioannina-Gulf of Corinth	2006	Completed		Over €1.1 billion	As part of this project, 196 kilometres (122 mi) of motorways were built.	^[130]
	Thessaloniki Metro	Thessaloniki	2006	In progress	2024 (proj.)	€2.26 billion	The purpose of the project is to create a 35-station underground rapid transit system in Greece's second-largest city. Construction has been delayed due to the Greek financial crisis.	^[131]
	Thessaloniki–Kavala–Xanthi railway	Northern Greece		In progress		€1.25	A new electrified railway line running parallel to the Egnatia Odos highway, cutting travel times and will replace the existing Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli railway which was built during the Ottoman Empire.	^[132]
	Tithorea-Domokos bypass	Phthiotis Municipality	1997	Completed	2019	€1.8 billion	A total of 106 km (66 mi) of high-speed railways were built as a bypass to the existing conventional mountainous railway line linking Thessaloniki with Athens, including 35.5 kilometres (22.1 mi) of tunnels and 6.8 km (4.2 mi) of bridges.	^[133]^[134]
Montenegro	Bar-Boljare motorway	Bar, Boljare	2015	In progress	2022	$3 billion	The highway is 40.871 km (25.396 mi) long ad tunnels and bridges make up about 60% of the entire route. The first section between Podgorica and Mateševo opened in July 2022.
Norway	Coastal Highway E39	Trondheim-Kristiansand	2018	In progress		382kr billion	The purpose of the project is to replace all ferry links along the route with fixed connections to reduce travel time from 21 hours to 11 hours. Construction is uncertain and each project will be evaluated separately.
	InterCity	Østlandet		In progress	2034 (proj.)	50kr billion (2022)	Project to connect all major towns in the vicinity of Oslo by a double-rail line.
	Fornebu Line	Oslo, Bærum	2020	In progress	2027 (proj.)	13.32kr billion	A new metro line stretching from Majorstuen to Fornebu through Oslo.
Poland	Central Transport Hub	Gmina Baranów		Proposed		More than $8 billion	Airport/train station in Warsaw. Phase 1 is scheduled to open in 2027.	^[135]
Portugal	Vasco da Gama Bridge	Lisbon	1995	Completed	1998	$1.1 billion	It is the longest bridge in Europe (including viaducts), with a total length of 12.3 km (7.6 mi), including 0.8 km (0.50 mi) for the main bridge and 11.5 km (7.1 mi) in viaducts.
Serbia	Belgrade Metro	Belgrade	2021	In progress	2028 (proj.)	$5 billion	This construction will includes 43 stations and 2 lines.
	Belgrade-Boljare motorway	Belgrade, Boljare		In progress		$2.5 billion	Part of the Belgrade-Bar motorway. The second section is the most expensive section of the entire motorway due to unfavourable terrain, requiring the construction of many tunnels and bridges.
	Belgrade Waterfront	Belgrade	2014	In progress		$3.5 billion	An urban renewal development project.
Serbia-Hungary	Budapest–Belgrade railway	Budapest-Belgrade	2021	In progress		Around $5 billion	This will connect the two capitals by high-speed rail. This is stage one of the Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway, which itself is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative.
Serbia-North Macedonia-Greece	Morava-Vardar Canal	Serbia, North Macedonia, Greece		Proposed		$17 billion	This would make Great Morava and South Morava accessible to boats from Thessaloniki and make Morava and Vardar navigable rivers, and clean them for passage of boats. China has a vested interest in building the canal.	^[136]
Slovenia	Divača–Koper Railway upgrade	Slovenia	2021	In progress	2025 (proj.)	$1.175 billion	This 27.1 kilometres (16.8 mi) railway will better connect inland regions with the seaside and port of Koper.	^[137]^[138]
Switzerland	Gotthard Base Tunnel	Alps	1999	Completed	2015	CHF 9.56 billion	At 57 km (35 mi), it became the world's longest and deepest rail tunnel upon its completion in 2015.
United Kingdom	Expansion of Heathrow Airport	London		Proposed		$25.24 billion USD	This construction would add a third runway and an additional terminal.
	Irish Sea Bridge	Irish Sea	-	Abandoned	-	£335 billion	Abandoned due to cost.	^[139]
	High Speed 2	Greater London, South East England, West Midlands	2020	In progress	2040 (proj.)	£98 billion
	London Crossrail Project Elizabeth line	Greater London, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex	2009	Completed	2022	£18.8 billion	Fully operational by May 2023.	^[140]
	M8 motorway	Glasgow-Edinburgh	2015	Completed	2017	£30 million
	Northern Powerhouse Rail	Northern England		Proposed	2033 (proj.)	$19 billion USD	Sometimes referred to as High Speed 3.

North America

Country	Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Canada	Southwest Calgary Ring Road	Calgary	2016	Completed	2021	More than $5 billion	Part of the CANAMEX Corridor and the Stoney Trail.	^[141]
	West Calgary Ring Road	Calgary		In progress	2024 (proj.)	More than $1 billion
	Calgary LRT Expansion	Calgary	2022	In progress	2026 (proj.)	More than $4.5 billion
	New Champlain Bridge Corridor Project	Québec	2015	Completed	2019	$4.24 billion	Replaced the existing Champlain Bridge.
	Confederation Bridge	The Maritimes	1993	Completed	1997	$1.3 billion	The 12.9 km (8.0 mi) bridge is the longest bridge in the world crossing ice-covered water.
	Confederation Line	Ottawa	2013	Completed	2019	$2.1 billion	The largest project in Ottawa since the Rideau Canal.	^[142] (Phase 1).
	Crowchild Trail Upgrades	Calgary	After 2027 (proj.)	Approved	2030 (proj.)	More than $3 billion
	Gordie Howe International Bridge	Windsor, Ontario	2018	In progress	2025 (proj.)	$5.7 billion	International cable stayed bridge over the Detroit River between Canada and the United States.
	Line 5 Eglinton	Toronto	2011	In progress	2024 (proj.)	$9.1 billion		^[141]
	Port Mann Bridge	Vancouver	2009	Completed	2015	$1.93 billion	The widest bridge in the world at the time of opening. The cable-stayed bridge uses 288 cables to reach the total bridge length of 6,866 feet (2,093 m)
	Réseau Express Métropolitain	Montréal	2018	In progress	2027 (proj.)	$6.95 billion	Partly operational beginning in July 2023, with other parts expecting to be opened in stages between 2024 and 2027.	^[141]^[143]
Mexico	Durango-Mazatlán Highway	Durango-Sinaloa	2008	Completed	2012	$1.4 billion	The Baluarte Bridge, which is part of the highway, received a Guinness World Record for being the highest suspension bridge in western Mexico.
	Mexico City Texcoco Airport	Mexico City	-	Cancelled	-	$13.3 billion	After taking office, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador cancelled this mega-project in favor of a "metropolitan airport system", which kept the two-runway Benito Juárez International Airport from being decommissioned.
	Felipe Ángeles International Airport	Mexico City	2019	In progress		$7.1 billion	The airport's first terminal and two runways were opened in 2022.
United States	Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel	Seattle	2007	Completed		$3.1 billion
	Big Dig	Boston	1991	Completed	2007	$14.6 billion ($24.3 billion after interest)
	Brightline West	Las Vegas Valley-Greater Los Angeles	2023 (proj.)	In progress	2027 (proj.)	$10 billion	This link would connect with the California High-Speed Rail.
	California High-Speed Rail	Los Angeles-San Francisco		In progress	2030 (proj.)	$100 billion	A 1,300 km (810 mi) high-speed rail system is expected to be completed in phases up to 2030.
	Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program	Chicago		In progress	2025 (proj.)	$4.6 billion	CREATE is a railway improvement program consisting of 70 projects, including the construction of grade separations, overpasses, and other rail projects.	^[144]
	Crescent Corridor Expansion	Northeast to Southeast regions		In progress		$2.5 billion	This project covers 4,023 km (2,500 mi) and thirteen states.	^[145]
	East Side Access	Manhattan and Queens	2007	Completed	2023	More than $11.1 billion	This network expansion project intended to increase direct services into Grand Central Terminal and decrease congestion in Midtown Manhattan. It also provides regular access from the New Haven and Hudson Lines to Penn Station.
	Evergreen Point Floating Bridge	Seattle	2011	Completed	2016	$4.56 billion	This 2,350 m (7,710 ft) long floating bridge is the longest of its type in the world; its predecessor previously held the title.
	Interstate Highway System	Nationwide	1956	Completed	2018	$500 billion
	John F. Kennedy International Airport Redevelopment	New York City	2020	In progress		$19 billion	Phase 1, which covers Terminals 1, 4, 6, and 8, is expected to be completed by 2026. The redevelopment project aims to rebuild passenger facilities and approaches to the airport.
	LaGuardia Airport Project	New York City	2016	In progress	2024 (proj.)	$8 billion	A complete retrofit of the airport was expected by 2022 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
	Los Angeles International Airport	Los Angeles		In progress		$14 billion	Renovation of existing terminals, as well as new terminals and infrastructure.
	Newark Airport Terminal A	Newark		Completed	2023	$14 billion	Construction added a new parking garage, 33 gates, and a walkway connecting the AirTrain, parking garage, and terminal.
	O'Hare Modernization Plan	Chicago	2001	Completed	2021	$8.8 billion		^[146]^[147]
	Ohio River Bridges Project	Louisville, Kentucky		Completed	2016	$2.3 billion	The project involved reconstructing the Kennedy Interchange, the completion of two new Ohio River bridges and the reconstruction of ramps on Interstate 65. The final project omitted some features of the original plan.	^[148]
	Project Connect	Austin, Texas		In progress		$7.1 billion	Public transit expansion including the construction of two new light rail lines, a new commuter rail line, and a bus rapid transmit line. The project has undergone several cuts since its passing in 2020.	^[149] The project started construction in 2021 and is expected to be completed by 2034.^[150]
	Puget Sound Gateway Program	Seattle & Tacoma, Washington	2015	In progress	2028 (proj.)	$2.38 billion	This project includes the completion of SR 167 between Puyallup and Tacoma and of SR 509 from I-5 to Burien.	^[151]
	Reagan Airport's Project Journey	Washington, D.C.	2018	Completed	2021	$1 billion	This renovation introduced a new security building and checkpoints and added a new 14-gate concourse.
	San Francisco International Airport Redevelopment	San Francisco		In progress	2024 (proj.)	$2.4 billion	The airport began a multiphase renovation project to turn Terminal 1 into a more environmentally friendly passenger facility.
	Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge	San Francisco-Oakland, California	2002	Completed	2013	$6.4 billion
	Second Avenue Subway Project	Manhattan	1972	In progress		$17 billion	The proposed full line would be 13.7 km (8.5 mi) long, with 16 stations and a projected ridership of 560,000 people. Phase 1 opened in 2017.
	Washington Metro Silver Line	Washington, D.C.	2009	Completed	2022	$6.8 billion	Phase 1 linked DC to Dulles International Airport and to four Virginia cities, and was opened in 2014. Phase 2 focused on urban development to reduce reliance on highways in Tysons and opened in 2022.
	Sound Transit 3	Seattle	Late 2020s (proj.)	Planned	2041 (proj.)	$50 billion	This project is to expand the current light rail and bus system currently used by the city and is to be completed in stages from 2024 to 2041.

North American megaprojects

Vancouver's new Port Mann Bridge with the old bridge fully demolished
Baluarte Bridge under construction, 2023
Boston's highway system before and after the Big Dig
The completed replacement and the old eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (2013)
Evergreen Point Floating Bridge viewed from the east end in Medina shortly after opening in April 2016

Oceania

Country	Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Australia	Central Station Redevelopment	Sydney-Eveleigh		Proposed		$10 billion	Extension of Sydney's CBD with an approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) long renewal corridor	^[152]
	Cross River Rail	Brisbane	2017	In progress	2026 (proj.)	$5.4 billion	Upon completion, it will be the first rail-only Brisbane River crossing since the completion of the Merivale Bridge in 1978	^[153]
	Metro Tunnel	Melbourne	2017	In progress	2024 (proj.)	$11 billion	This construction includes two 9 km (5.6 mi) rail tunnels and five new underground stations.
	North East Link	Melbourne	2020	In progress	2028 (proj.)	$15.8 billion	This will connect the M80 Ring Road to the Eastern Freeway.
	OneSKY	Canberra		In progress	2024 (proj.)	$2 billion	Replacement for the Australian Advanced Air Traffic System.	^[154]
	Suburban Rail Loop	Melbourne	2022	In progress	2050 (proj.)	$50 billion	The East and North sections, the two main ones, are planned to form a single 60 km (37 mi), fully-automated orbital metro line through the middle suburbs. Construction began on SRL East in 2022.	^[155]
	Sydney Metro City & Southwest	Sydney	2017	In progress	2024 (proj.)	$20.5 billion (2023)	30 km (19 mi) rapid transit railway line.	^[156]
	Sydney Metro West	Sydney	2020	In progress	2033 (proj.)	$27 billion AUD	24 km (15 mi) rapid transit railway line.	^[157]