This is a list of wars involving Germany from 843, not including the Germanic tribes period before. It includes East Francia, the Holy Roman Empire, the Teutonic Order, the Confederation of the Rhine, the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, the German Democratic Republic (DDR, "East Germany") and the present Federal Republic of Germany (BRD, until German reunification in 1990 known as "West Germany").
Pre-unification (843-1871)
East Francia (843–962)
| Conflict and date | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Viking raids in the Rhineland (continued) (843–885) Location: East Francia |
Carolingian Empire, later East Francia | Vikings |
Eventual East Frankish victory
|
| Battle of Lechfeld (910)
Location: East Francia |
East Francia and Swabia | Principality of Hungary | Hungarian victory |
| First Italian Expedition of Otto I (951–952) |
East Francia | Kingdom of Italy | East Frankish victory
Point taken Berengar II recognized the suzerainty of Otto I |
| Battle of Lechfeld (955)
Location: East Francia |
East Francia, the Duchy of Saxony, the Duchy of Thuringia, the Duchy of Bavaria, the Duchy of Swabia, and Bohemia | Principality of Hungary | German victory |
| Battle on the Raxa (955) | East Francia and Rani | Obotrites, Veleti, and allied West Slavic tribes | East Frankish victory |
| Second Italian Expedition of Otto I
(961–962) |
East Francia | Kingdom of Italy | East Frankish victory
Berengar II is deposed. Otto I is crowned King of Italy and later Roman Emperor, in retrospect forming the Holy Roman Empire |
Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)
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Confederation of the Rhine (1806-1813)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Protector |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| War of the Fourth Coalition (1806-1807) | France
(from 11 Dec 1806) |
|
French Victory
|
Napoleon I |
| Peninsular War
(1808-1814) |
France | Spain | Coalition Victory
|
Napoleon I |
| War of the Fifth Coalition
(1809) |
France |
Rebel Groups
|
French Victory
|
Napoleon I |
| War of the Sixth Coalition
(1813-1814) |
France
Until January 1814 (many member states defected after the Battle of Leipzig) |
Russia Prussia United Kingdom Mecklenburg-Schwerin Portugal Sardinia Sicily Spain Sweden After the Armistice of Pläswitz After the Battle of Leipzig Baden After November 20, 1813 After January 1814 |
Coalition Victory
Confederation of the Rhine dissolved German states and Austria unite to form the German Confederation Netherlands gains independence Norway ceded to The King of Sweden |
Napoleon I |
German Confederation (1815-1866)
North German Confederation (1867-1870/71)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | President |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franco-Prussian War
(1870–1871) |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} North German Confederation
(after 18 January 1871) |
 French Third Republic (Government of National Defense)
|
German Victory
|
Wilhelm I |
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Post-unification (1871-present)
German Empire (1871-1918)
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Weimar Republic (1918-1933)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Reichskanzler | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| German Revolution (1918–1919) |
Germany |
 Revolutionaries |
Government victory
|
? | |
| Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) |
Germany |
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Defeat
|
? | |
| First Silesian Uprising (1919) |
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POW-GS |
Victory
|
? | |
| Ruhr Uprising (1920) |
Germany |
Ruhr Red Army |
Government victory
|
1,600+ (Both combatants) | |
| Second Silesian Uprising (1920) |
Germany |
POW-GS |
League of Nations ceasefire
|
? | |
| Third Silesian Uprising (1921) |
Germany |
POW-GS |
League of Nations ceasefire
|
? |
Nazi Germany (1933-1945)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Führer | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| German involvement in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) |
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Victory
|
~300 killed[15] | |
| Invasion of Czechoslovakia (1939) |
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 Czechoslovakia |
Victory
|
21 killed and wounded[16] | |
| World War II (1939–1945) |
Germany.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Slovakia.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Croatia Finland Thailand |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Soviet Union.svg.png.webp){kind=small} United States United Kingdom China.svg.png.webp){kind=small} France Poland.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia New Zealand India.svg.png.webp){kind=small} South Africa.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Yugoslavia.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Belgium Luxembourg Ethiopia.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Brazil.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Mexico Colombia.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Cuba.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Nepal.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Philippines.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Mongolia |
Defeat
|
6,900,000 to 7,400,000 dead[17] |
Cold War (1946-1992)
German Democratic Republic (1949-1990)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Leadership of East Germany | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East German uprising of 1953 (1953) |
Demonstrators |
Victory | 5 police killed | ||
Modern era
Federal Republic of Germany (1949-present)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor) | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operation Deliberate Force (1995) |
 NATO
|
 Republika Srpska |
Victory | None | |
| Operation Allied Force (1999) |
NATO
|
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Victory
|
None | |
| War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |
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|
 Taliban al-Qaeda |
Taliban Victory
|
59 dead[18] | |
| War on ISIL (2015–present) |
 Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan Syrian Kurdistan CJTF–OIR
|
 ISIL al-Qaeda |
Ongoing
|
See below[19] | |
| Mali War (2017-2023) |
 Mali MINUSMA
|
 al-Qaeda |
Compromise
|
2 dead[20] |
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Notes
- ↑ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ↑ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ↑ The French First Republic transformed into the First French Empire on 18 May 1804 with the adoption of the Constitution of the Year XII. The Coronation of Napoleon took place on 2 December 1804.
- ↑ Holy Roman Emperor Francis II of Habsburg proclaimed the Austrian Empire on 11 August 1804, elevating the Habsburg monarchy to imperial status by himself. The indirect causes of this move are the French conquest of the Rhineland and further expansion into Germany and the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, which curbed the meaning and power of the Holy Roman Empire/Emperor. The direct cause of Francis' proclamation was the adoption of the new French Constitution of 18 May 1804, which appointed Napoleon as Emperor of the French (followed by his coronation on 2 December 1804). Instead of an increasingly meaningless and non-hereditary title that was dependent on the cooperation of the Electors and was limited to only the northwestern parts of his Hausmacht, Francis now made all Austrian Habsburg possessions into a unified hereditary empire.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Tuchman, 548
- ↑ The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of latin christianity; Zsolt Hunyadi page 226
- ↑ Valerii︠a︡ Fol, Bulgaria: History Retold in Brief, (Riga, 1999), 103.
- ↑ Alexandru Madgearu, The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins, ed. Martin Gordon, (Scarecrow Press, 2008), 90.
- 1 2 Csorba, Csaba; Estók, János; Salamon, Konrád (1998). Magyarország Képes Története. Budapest: Hungarian Book-Club. ISBN 963-548-961-7. 62.-64. p.
- ↑ Croxton 2013, pp. 225–226.
- 1 2 Heitz & Rischer 1995, p. 232.
- ↑ "Абдусаламов Магомед-паша Балашович Феодальные междоусобицы кумыкских владетелей во второй половине XVII века", ИСОМ, no. 4, C.33, 2014, retrieved 26 May 2023
- ↑ Hempestall & Mochida, p. 54
- ↑ "Uprisings against the German/South African Colonial Power". klausdierks.com.
- ↑ Bridgman, Jon M. (1966) Revolt of the Hereros University of California Press. p. 164 (KIA: 676, MIA:76, WIA: 907, died from disease: 689, civilians: 100)
- ↑ Gellately, Robert; Ben Kiernan (2003). The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. Published by Cambridge University Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-521-52750-3.
- ↑ Van der Vat, Dan. Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984, p. 19
- ↑ See World War I casualties
- ↑ Thomas, Hugh (2003) [1961, 1987, 2001]. The Spanish Civil War. London: Penguin. p. 634. ISBN 0-14-101161-0. OCLC 248799351.
- ↑ Boje o československé hranice v roce 1939
- ↑ See World War II casualties
- ↑ "Germany honors soldiers who fought in Afghanistan mission". dw.com. 13 October 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ↑ No German soldiers have been killed by ISIS, however, many German civilians have been killed in terror attacks claimed by ISIS. For details, see Islamic terrorism in Europe.
- ↑ "German military helicopter crashes in Mali, two peacekeepers killed". Reuters. 26 July 2017 – via www.reuters.com.
Sources
- Croxton, Derek (2013). The Last Christian Peace: The Congress of Westphalia as A Baroque Event. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-33332-2.
- Heitz, Gerhard; Rischer, Henning (1995). Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; History in data; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (in German). Koehler&Amelang. ISBN 3-7338-0195-4.
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