This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Turkey and includes conflicts such as coups, insurgencies, offensives, border and international disputes since the Turkish War of Independence in 1919. For wars before 1919, involving the Ottoman Empire, see List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire

Wars

Conflict Turkey
and allies		 Opponents Results Turkish losses
Military Civilian
War of Independence
(1919–1923) 		Ankara Government  Greece
 France
 Armenia
 United Kingdom
 Istanbul Government
 Italy
 Georgia		 Victory[1]
~41,000
Unknown
World War II
(1939–1945) 		 United States
 Soviet Union
 United Kingdom
 China
 France
 Poland
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia
 Brazil
 Mexico
 Chile
 Bolivia
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Paraguay
 Peru
 Venezuela
 Uruguay
 Argentina
 Turkey		  Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Slovakia
 Finland
 Thailand
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang		 Victory
None
None
Korean War
(1950–1953)		  South Korea
  North Korea
 China
 Soviet Union		 Stalemate
904[2]
None
Turkish invasion of Cyprus
(1974)		  Turkey
Turkey TMT		 Cyprus
Greece		 Victory
  • Turkish overall control of 36.2% of Cyprus
498[3]
None
Kurdish-Turkish Conflict
(1978–)		  Turkey KCK
YDG-H
HBDH
TAK		 Ongoing
  • Truce 2012–2014, renewed fight in 2015
9,055
~30,000
Gulf War
(1990-1991)		  Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Saudi Arabia
 Egypt
 France
 Iraq Victory
None
None
Bosnian War
(1995)
(Participant in NATO Operation Deliberate Force)		  Republika Srpska Victory[8]
None
None
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
(1997)		 KDP
 Turkey		 PUK
PKK		 Ceasefire
  • Peace treaty between the KDP and the PUK
145
None
Kosovo War
(1998–1999)
(Participant in NATO Operation Allied Force)		 Kosovo Liberation Army UÇK
  FR Yugoslavia Victory
  • Turkey committed 11 F-16 aircraft to the NATO force, and US use of air bases[10]
  • Kumanovo Treaty
None
None
War in Afghanistan
(2001–2021)		  Afghanistan
 Afghanistan Taliban Taliban victory / Turkish-allied defeat
  • Fall of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 2001
  • International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) concluded their mission in 2014[11]
  • Resolute Support Mission (RSM) was a non-combat mission and terminated in 2021 with the US-led withdrawal[12]
  • Taliban control over Afghanistan increases compared to pre-intervention territory
  • Return of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 2021
None
Boko Haram insurgency
(2009–present)		 Multinational Joint Task Force

Local militias and vigilantes

  • CJTF, BOYES (Nigeria)
  • Comités de vigilance (Chad, Cameroon)
  • Dan banga (Niger)

Foreign mercenaries

 Turkey

 Boko Haram (partially aligned with ISIL from 2015)[lower-alpha 1]
  • Shekau faction
  • Several minor factions

Islamic State ISWAP (originally Barnawi faction of Boko Haram; from 2016)
Ansaru[lower-alpha 2]

 Ongoing
None
Unknown
First Libyan Civil War
(2011)
(Assisted NATO military intervention)		 Libya NTC
 Qatar
  Libya Victory
  • Turkey helped enforce the no-fly zone and naval blockade[14]
  • The NTC assumed interim control of Libya
None
None
Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war
(2011–present)		  Turkey
 Syrian opposition		 Syrian Democratic Forces
IFB
Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Syria Syrian Arab Republic
 Russia[15]
 Iran[16]
Libya Libyan National Army
 Hezbollah		 Ongoing
307-364
Unknown
Mali War
(2012–present)		 Mali Government of Mali

 France (2013–2022)
 Turkey (2014–present)
 Germany (2017–present)

MINUSMA (2013–2023)

Non-state combatants:
Ganda Iso
MAA-Loyaliste
MSA (from 2016)
GATIA (from 2014)
Wagner Group (from 2021)[lower-alpha 3]

Coordination of Azawad Movements
(CMA)

 Al-Qaeda

Nigerian jihadist volunteers (2012–13)

 Islamic State

 Ongoing
  • Turkish intervention intensifies in 2022
None
Unknown
American-led intervention in Iraq
(2014–2017)		  Iraq
 Iraqi Kurdistan 		 ISIS Victory
  • Turkish intervention in July 2015
None
Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War
(2020)		  Turkey
Libya Government of National Accord
Syrian opposition Syrian Interim Government		 Libya House of Representatives Ceasefire
3 killed[27][28]
Unknown

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Following Mohammed Yusuf's death, Boko Haram splintered into numerous factions which no longer operated under a unified leadership. Though Abubakar Shekau eventually became the preeminent commander of the movement, he never really controlled all Boko Haram groups. Instead, the factions were loosely allied, but also occasionally clashed with each other. This situation changed in 2015 when Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIL. The leadership of ISIL eventually decided to replace Shekau as a local commander with Abu Mus'ab al-Barnawi, whereupon the movement split completely. Shekau no longer recognized the authority of ISIL's central command, and his loyalists started to openly fight the followers of al-Barnawi. Regardless, Shekau did never officially renounce his pledge of allegiance to ISIL as a whole; his forces are thus occasionally regarded as "second branch of ISWAP". Overall, the relation of Shekau with ISIL remains confused and ambiguous.
  2. ↑ The exact origin of Ansaru is unclear, but it had already existed as Boko Haram faction before officially announcing its foundation as separate group on 1 January 2012. The group has no known military presence in Nigeria since 2015, but several of its members appear to be still active.
  3. ↑ The participation of the Wagner Group, a Russian private military company, has been denied by both Russia and Mali, which insist Russia is only sending military advisors.

References

  1. ↑ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
  2. ↑ Including 163 missing
  3. ↑ References:
    • Haydar Çakmak: Türk dış politikası, 1919–2008, Platin, 2008, ISBN 9944137251, page 688 (in Turkish); excerpt from reference: 415 ground, 65 navy, 5 air, 13 gendarmerie (= 498 killed)
    • American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies; Eugene K. Keefe (1980). Cyprus, a country study. Foreign Area Studies, American University : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Retrieved 5 December 2012. Authoritative figures for casualties during the two- phased military operation were not published; available estimates listed Greek Cypriot losses at 6,000 dead and Turkish losses at 1,500 dead and 2,000 wounded...
  4. ↑ "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  5. ↑ Miller, Judith. "Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force." The New York Times, 27 March 1991.
  6. ↑ Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special To the New York (20 January 1991). "WAR IN THE GULF: Turkey; Turkey's Role in Air Assault Sets Off Fear of Retaliation (Published 1991)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  7. ↑ "Den 1. Golfkrig". Forsvaret.dk. 24 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  8. 1 2 Cimbala, Stephen J.; Forster, Peter (21 October 2005). The US, NATO and Military Burden-Sharing. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 9781134251971 – via Google Books.
  9. ↑ "Operation Deliberate Force". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2019-03-15.
  10. ↑ Olsen, John Andreas (15 July 2014). European Air Power: Challenges and Opportunities. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 9781612346816 – via Google Books.
  11. ↑ "ISAF's mission in Afghanistan (2001-2014)". NATO. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  12. ↑ "Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan (2015-2021)". NATO. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  13. ↑ "Afghanistan Fatalities". Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  14. ↑ "Parliament OKs Turkey's Involvement in Libya". The Oakland Press. Ankara. Associated Press. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  15. ↑ "Stratfor: Turkey and Russia wage "full-blown proxy war" in Syria". Ahval. 17 January 2018.
  16. ↑ "Assad, Iran support Kurdish forces against Turkey in Syria's Afrin with key weapon systems – reports". Al Masdar News. 9 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  17. ↑ Comolli, Virginia (2015). Boko Haram: Nigeria's Islamist Insurgency. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 28, 103, 171.
  18. ↑ Comolli (2015), pp. 28, 103, 171.
  19. ↑ "Ten German dead in Istanbul terror attack". The Local. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  20. ↑ "Suicide bombing hits Istanbul shopping area popular with tourists". The Independent. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  21. ↑ hermesauto (2 July 2016). "Istanbul airport attack toll rises to 45 as child dies". Straits Times. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  22. ↑ "Death toll rises to 57 in ISIL Gaziantep attack". Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  23. ↑ ""Death toll from bomb blasts at HDP rally rises to 4"". Archived from the original on July 23, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Suruç'ta ölenlerin sayısı 32'ye yükseldi". 21 July 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  25. ↑ "Does Turkey have to learn to live with terror? - SERKAN DEMİRTAŞ". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  26. ↑ Weise, Zia; Graham, Chris; Squires, Nick (January 9, 2017). "Istanbul nightclub attack: Search continues for unidentified terrorist gunman who killed 39 at New Year's Eve party". The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  27. ↑ "Erdogan says two Turkish troops killed in Libya conflict". Reuters. 25 February 2020.
  28. ↑ "Libya şehidi Bilal Yılmaz için tören düzenlendi" (in Turkish). 26 August 2020.
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