This is a list of wars involving Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh and the predecessor states of Kazakhstan to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Kazakhstan by the Kazakh military.

Legends of results:

  Victory

  Defeat

  Stalemate

  Ongoing conflict

Cumania (1025—1241)

After the fall of the Kimek-Kipchak confederation at the beginning of the 11th century. military-political hegemony on the territory of the former settlement of the Kimek, Kipchak and Cuman tribes passed into the hands of the Kipchak khans. The dynastic nobility of the Kipchaks who came to power began to take active steps in the southern and western directions, which led to direct contacts with the states of Central Asia and Southeast Europe.

Date Conflict Combatant I Combatant II Result for Kazakhstan Khan
1035 Kipchak conquest of the Pontic-Caspian steppe Cumania Pechenegs
Khazar tribes		 Victory Bolush Khan
1055-1223 Russo-Kipchak Wars[1]
Bonyak Khan's attack on Kyiv in 1096
 Cumania Kievan Rus’ Victory

Sokal Khan

Sharukan

Bonyak Khan

Tugorkan

Kurya Khan

Otrok Khan

Könchek Khan

1066 Campaign against Kipchaks of Alp Arslan Cumania Seljuks Defeat Kafshud
1070 First Kipchak invasion of Hungary[2]
  • Sack of Nir Province (Victory)
 Cumania Kingdom of Hungary Victory Sharukan
1091 Second Kipchak Invasion of Hungary
  • Battle of the Temesh River (Defeat)
 Cumania Kingdom of Hungary Defeat Copulch Khan
1117 Kipchak Invasion of the North Caucasus[3] Cumania North Caucasian peoples Victory Otrok Khan
1120 Battle of Bardawi on Kura[4] Cumania
 Kingdom of Georgia		 Seljuks Victory
1121 Battle of Didgori[4] Cumania

 Kingdom of Georgia

 Seljuk Empire

Sultanate of Rum

 Victory
  • The Seljuk troops were defeated and put to flight
1222 Battle of Sudak Cumania
Empire of Trebizond
Kievan Rus’		 Seljuks Defeat
1123 Sack of Tbilisi[4] Cumania
 Kingdom of Georgia		 Seljuks Victory
  • Liberation of Tbilisi by Kipchak-Georgian troops

Golden Horde (1242—1428)

The Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate), self-designated as Ulug Ulus, lit. 'Great State' in Turkic, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

Date Conflict Combatant I Combatant II Result for Kazakhstan Khan/Leader Kazakh losses Enemy losses
1223-1236 Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria Mongol Empire Volga Bulgaria Victory Batu Khan Minor Significant
1237-1241 Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' Mongol Empire
Victory
?
 ~1,000,000+ killed
1240-1241 First Mongol invasion of Poland  Golden Horde Kingdom of Poland
Margraviate of Moravia
Knights Templar
Holy Roman Empire		 Victory
  • Polish armies decisively defeated
?
 Heavy
1259-1260 Second Mongol invasion of Poland  Golden Horde
Galicia–Volhynia		 Poland
Polish duchies: 		Victory Berke Khan Minor Significant
1262-1358 Berke–Hulagu war  Golden Horde  Ilkhanate Victory
  • A significant part of Azerbaijan has gone to the Golden Horde
 Berke Khan
?
?
1277–1280 Uprising of Ivaylo  Golden Horde  Second Bulgarian Empire Victory Nogai Khan
?
?
1287-1288 Third Mongol invasion of Poland  Golden Horde
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia		 Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary		 Defeat Talabuga Khan Significant Significant
1327 Tver Uprising  Golden Horde Victory
  • Uprising suppressed

Fedorchuk

Turalyk

 Significant ~10,000 or 20,000
1382 Siege of Moscow  Golden Horde Grand Duchy of Moscow Victory Tokhtamysh
?
 ~24,000 killed and 50,000 captured
1408 Moscow campaign of Yedigei Khan  Golden Horde Grand Duchy of Moscow Victory
  • Sack of Moscow and the Yelets principality
 Yedigei Khan
?
 ~150,000 captured
1416 Siege of Kiev  Golden Horde Grand Duchy of Lithuania Victory
?
 ~90,000

Kazakh Khanate (1465—1847)

Kazakh Khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the Russian Empire.

From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three Juzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century.

Kazakh Khanate (1465-1847)

Date Conflict Combatant I Combatant II Result for Kazakhstan Khan/Leader Kazakh losses Enemy losses
1468-1500 Kazakh War of Independence Kazakh Khanate
 Timurid Empire
Khanate of Sibir		 Uzbek Khanate
Nogai Horde
Western Moghulistan		 Victory

Kerei Khan

Janibek Khan

Burunduk Khan
?
?
1499-1502 Kazakh-Kalmyk War Kazakh Khanate Kalmyks Victory Burunduk Khan
?
?
1503-1504 First Kazakh-Uzbek War[5] Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Bukhara Victory Kasym Khan
?
?
1505-1506 Second Kazakh-Uzbek War[5] Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Bukhara Victory
?
?
1509-1510 Third Kazakh-Uzbek War Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Bukhara Victory
?
?
1518-1520 Kasym Khan's Nogai campaign Kazakh Khanate Nogai Horde Victory
?
?
1522-1538 First Kazakh Khanate Civil War
Kazakh Khanate during the First Civil War
 Kazakhs Kazakhs Victory for Haqnazar Khan Haqnazar Khan
?
?
1541-1558 Haqnazar Khan's Bukhara campaigns Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Bukhara Victory
?
?
1557-1559 Haqnazar's campaign against Dervesh Khan Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Bukhara Victory
?
?
1563 Haqnazar's War against Siberia Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Sibir Victory
?
?
1569 Conquest of the Nogai Horde Kazakh Khanate Nogai Horde Victory
?
?
1577-1579 Abdullah-Baba War Kazakh Khanate

Khanate of Bukhara

 Shaybanids of Turkestan Victory
  • Haqnazar Khan took back Turkestan and Sauran, other settlements in the Southern region
?
?
1580 Tashkent Uprising Kazakh Khanate Shaybanids of Tashkent Defeat
?
?
1603-1605 Abd al-Ghaffar's Rebellion Kazakh Khanate Karakalpaks Victory
  • Uprising suppressed
 Yesim Khan
?
?
1603-1624 Kazakh-Bukhara War Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Bukhara Victory
  • The final accession of the Syrdarya cities to the Kazakh Khanate
?
?
1607 Yesim Khan conquest of Western Kazakhstan Kazakh Khanate Kalmyks Victory
?
?
1643-1756 Kazakh-Dzungar Wars Kazakh Khanate Dzungar Khanate
Kalmyk Khanate		 Victory Salqam Jangir Khan

Bahadur Khan

Tauke Khan

Qaiyp Khan

Bolat Khan

Abulmambet Khan

Ablai Khan

 ~1,000,000 killed ~1,500,000 killed
1648 Siege of Balkh[6] Victory
  • Mughal invasion of Balkh Vilayat repelled
  • Siege of Balkh ended in a decisive Kazakh-Bukhara victory
  • Shah Jahan surrendered Balkh to the Kazakh-Bukhara army
  • As a result of a long siege, famine began in Balkh
 Salqam Jangir Khan
?
 ~150,000 Indians killed
1687 Battle of Altai Kazakh Khanate Kyrgyz people Victory Tauke Khan
?
 ~300 killed
1690-1703 Kazakh-Russian border clashes[7] Kazakh Khanate Tsardom of Russia Victory
  • The crisis of Russian colonization of the Southern Trans-Urals
  • Russian settlement of new lands in Siberia was suspended
  • Many Russian villages were liquidated
  • Kazakh attacks also caused food shortages in the Tobolsk region
  • A ban on the construction of new Russian settlements on lands disputed with the Kazakhs
?
 ~3,600 killed and captured
1703 Kulugenev Ulus campaign Kazakh khanate Kyrgyz people Victory
  • Defeat of Kulugenev Ulus by the Kazakhs
?
?
1704-1711 Bashkir rebellion of 1704–1711 Bashkirs

Supported by: Kazakh Khanate

 Tsardom of Russia Victory
?
 ~40,000+ killed
First period of the XVIII century Kazakh-Cossack War Kazakh Khanate  Russian Empire
Kalmyk Khanate		 Victory Abul Khair Khan ~350 killed and captured ~16,600 killed and captured
1756 First Kazakh-Qing War Kazakh Khanate

Dzungars of Amursana

  Qing dynasty Victory
  • 17,000 Chinese were killed in the Battle of the Shiderty River.
 Ablai Khan
?
 ~17,000 killed
1757 Second Kazakh-Qing War Kazakh Khanate  Qing dynasty Inconclusive
  • The Chinese retreated
  • The Kazakh Khanate recognized the sovereignty of the Chinese emperor
?
?
1758-1760 Third Kazakh-Qing War Kazakh Khanate  Qing dynasty Victory
?
?
1760-1779 Kazakh-Kyrgyz Wars Kazakh Khanate Kyrgyz Confederation Victory
  • Kokshetau truce
  • Murder of Zhaiyl-biy and Sadyr-manap
  • The exact Kazakh-Kyrgyz border has been determined
?
 ~10,000+ killed
1765-1768 Abylai Khan's Kokand campaign Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Kokand Victory
  • Abylai's war against Khanate of Kokand ended with the capture of the cities of Turkistan, Sairam, Shymkent and the obligation of Tashkent to pay tribute to the Kazakh Khanate
?
?
1771 Kalmyk Exodus to Dzungaria Kazakh Khanate

Supported by:

 Russian Empire

 Kalmyk Khanate Victory
  • This campaign turned into a national tragedy for the Kalmyks. On the way, the small Kalmyk ethnic group lost more than 100,000 people in just a year, in battle, from wounds, cold, hunger, disease, and captured[8]
?
 ~100,000 died and killed
1772 Abylai-Catherine split Kazakh Khanate  Russian Empire Victory
  • In this conflict, Kazakh detachments attacked Russian forts, settlements, and caravans. During the Yarovoye massacre, 637 people were killed, including the town's leader, Ivan Krasnovsky.
?
 ~638 killed
1773-1775 Pugachev's Rebellion
Battle of Kazan (1774)
Map of Pugachev's Rebellion 1773—1775
 Kazakhs and others  Russian Empire Initial victory, later defeat
?
 8,500 killed
1825-1836 Sarzhan Sultan's Rebellion Kazakh rebels  Russian Empire
Khanate of Kokand (1832, 1836)		 Defeat
  • In 1836, Sarzhan was killed by the Kokand in Tashkent
 Sarzhan Qasymov ~249 killed ~22 killed and wounded
1836-1838 Isatai's Rebellion Kazakh rebels from the Bukey Horde  Russian Empire
Government of the Bukey Horde		 Defeat Isatay Taymanuly
?
?
1837-1847 Kenesary's Rebellion
Cossack raid on the Kazakh settlement.
 Kazakh Khanate Initial victory, later defeat Kenesary Qasymov
?
 15,000 killed
2,000 killed
Russian Empire 1,000+ killed
1839-1840 Khivan campaign of 1839 Khanate of Khiva
Junior Jüz		  Russian Empire Victory Makhambet Otemisuly
?
 ~2,500 killed

Kazakhstan in the Russian Empire (1848—1917)

In 1847, the khan's power in the Kazakh zhuzes was abolished, and the territory as an administrative unit was included in the Russian Empire.

Date Conflict Combatant I Combatant II Result for Kazakhstan Leader Kazakh losses Enemy losses
1847-1858 Anti-Colonial Uprising Kazakh rebels  Russian Empire Inconclusive
  • Strategic Kazakh victory
 Eset Kotibaruli
?
 ~80 killed
1850-1868 Russo-Kokand War Russian Empire
Senior Jüz		 Khanate of Kokand
Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate
Bukhara Emirate		 Victory
  • The Khanate of Kokand and the Emirate of Bukhara become vassals of Russia; Samarkand, Tashkent and the surrounding area go to Russia
  • Kazakhs of the Senior Zhuz become free from Kokand and accept Russian citizenship
 Tezek Sultan Minor Significant
1851 Ak-Mechet Raid Kazakh rebels Khanate of Kokand Victory
  • During this raid, Zhankozha Batyr captured the Kokand fortress of Koskorgan
  • The liberation of Southern Kazakhstan from the Kokand Khanate.
 Zhankozha Nurmuhameduly
?
?
1854 Ormon Invasion Senior Jüz Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate Victory Sawryk Batyr
?
?
1856-1857 Syrdarya Uprising
  • Syrdarya campaign (Victory)
  • Battle of Aryk-Balyk (Defeat)
 Kazakh rebels  Russian Empire Initial victory, later defeat Zhankozha Nurmuhameduly
?
?
1858 Anti-Khiva Uprising Kazakh rebels
Kyrgyz rebels		  Khanate of Khiva

Khanate of Kokand

 Victory Eset Kotibaruli
?
?
1863 Qing invasion of Zhetysu  Qing dynasty Victory
  • The Kazakhs defeated the Qing troops in the Battle of Borokhutsir
 Tezek Sultan
?
?
1863 Emba Raids Aday tribe  Russian Empire Victory
  • Successful Emba raids
 Unknown
?
?
1868-1869 Uprising in the Ural and Turgai Oblasts
  • Kazakh Invasions of Russian lands (Victory)
  • Second battle of Zhamansai (Defeat)
 Kazakh rebels  Russian Empire Defeat Seil Turkebaiuly
Azbergen Munaytpasov
Berkin Ospanuly		 ~500 captured
?
1870 Adayev uprising[9]
Kazakhs from the Aday tribe
 Aday tribe  Russian Empire Initial victory, later defeat
  • According to the old customs, tribal biys were appointed to govern.
 Isa Tlenbaev
Dosan Tazhiev
Yerzhan Kulov
Ermembet Kulov
Kutzhan Orakov
?
?
1873 Khivan campaign of 1873 Russian Empire Khanate of Khiva Victory
  • Khiva becomes a Russian protectorate
 Eset Kotibaruli 33 killed and 124 wounded ~5,000+ killed
1916-1917 Central Asian revolt of 1916
Amankeldı İmanov (1873-1919).
 Turkic tribal confederations[10] Russian Empire Russian Turkestan Defeat
  • Revolt suppressed
 Amankeldı İmanov ~100,000–270,000 Central Asians (Turks, Tajiks) died from violence, famine and disease[12][13] 2325 killed[14]
1384 missing[14]
Total: 7,562 dead
1917 February Revolution
  • Turgai Uprising (1916-1917)
 Kazakh rebels
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Bolsheviks		  Russian Empire Victory
  • The tsarist troops were unable to suppress the Turgai uprising. As a result, the rebels occupied Turgai in 1917
  • The overthrow of the Tsar
  • Dissolution of the Russian Empire
?
?

Alash-Orda (1917—1920)

Kazakhs, tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s-80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Froby during World War I, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.

The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18-26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vassily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.

Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.

Date Conflict Combatant I Combatant II Result for Kazakhstan Leader Kazakh losses Enemy losses
1918 Capture of Semipalatinsk Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
  • Capture of Semipalatinsk by the Alash militia
  • Renaming of the city to Alash-Kala
 Alikhan Bukeikhanov
?
?
1918 Rubtsovsk Front Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
  • The newspapers of those times also wrote about how for the valiant successes on the Semirechensk and Rubtsovsk fronts and in the rear "they thanked the assistant to the commander-in-chief Alash Khalel Gabbasov." In honor of this victory, a dinner was arranged in the Semipalatinsk city garden.
?
?
1918 Night Attack at Gavrilovka[15] Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
?
 ~100 massacred
1918 Siege of Sergiopol Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory 7 killed and 20 wounded ~200 soldiers killed and 100 civilians massacred
1918 Battle of Makanchi Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
  • Occupation of Makanchi
 ~40 killed ~100 killed
1918 Battle of Kyzyl-Aghach Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
  • Kyzyl-Agach is occupied by the Alash-Orda
?
?
1918-1919 Semirechye Front[16]
Semirechye Oblast in 1900
 Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
?
?
1919 Mariinsky uprising Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Mariinsky rebels Victory
  • The uprising is brutally suppressed
  • 3,000 rebels were killed by Alash troops
?
 ~3,000 killed
1919 Anti-Insurgency Operation Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Mariinsky rebels Victory
  • 4,000 surviving Mariinsky rebels were shot
?
 ~4,000 killed
1919 Spring offensive of the White Army
The offensive in the spring of 1919 Kolchak's army
 Alash-Orda

White Army

 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
?
?
1919 Turgai uprising[17]
Turgai Oblast in 1914
 Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
?
 ~337 killed
1919 Battle of Uralsk Alash-Orda Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
  • 2000 Red Army soldiers were killed, 2500 were taken prisoner
?
 ~2000 killed and 2500 captured
1919-1920 Ural-Guryev operation Alash-Orda

White Army

 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Defeat
  • The Ural region is occupied by the Red Army.
?
?

Soviet Age (1920—1991)

The Kazakh ASSR was originally created as the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (not to be confused with Kirghiz ASSR of 1926–1936, on 26 August 1920 and was an autonomous republic within the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.

At 2,717,300 square kilometres (1,049,200 sq mi) in area, it was the second-largest republic in the USSR, after the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Alma-Ata (today known as Almaty). During its existence as a Soviet Socialist Republic, it was ruled by the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR (QKP).

Date Conflict Combatant I Combatant II Result for Kazakhstan Secretary/Leader Kazakh losses Enemy losses
1916-1934 Basmachi movement RSFSR Basmachi movement Victory Viktor Ivanovich Naneishvili
Filipp Goloshchyokin
Levon Mirzoyan		 Several hundred thousand Kazakh and Kyrgyz people killed or evicted with an unknown amount dying to famine according to Sokol.[18]
?
1920 Tolstov's Winter March Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Bolsheviks
Aday tribe		 Russia White army Victory Tobaniyaz Alniyazuly Khan (Aday tribe Khan)
?
 ~13,000 killed
1921 Kungrad campaign Aday tribe Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
Basmachi movement		 Victory
?
?
1929-1932 Adayev uprising Aday tribe  Soviet Union Defeat
  • The uprising is crushed
 ~800 convicted
?
1941-1945 World War II
Raising a Flag over the Reichstag, by Yevgeny Khaldei
 Allied Powers: Axis Powers: Victory Qazaqbaev Abdisamet ~600 000 killed ~12,000,000 killed
1954 Kengir Uprising Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic Soviet army Kengir resistance Victory
  • Uprising suppressed
 Panteleimon Ponomarenko ~40 wounded ~500–700 killed/wounded
1959 Workers' uprising in Temirtau Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic Law enforcement agencies of the Kazakh SSR Rebellious builders (guests from other republics of the USSR) Victory
  • The uprising is crushed, some of the rebels are either killed or arrested
 Nikolai Belyaev
?
 ~11 killed and 32 wounded
1979-1989 Soviet-Afghan War  Soviet Union

 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

 Afghan Mujahideen Defeat Dinmukhamed Kunaev 947 killed
1770 wounded		 192,579 casualties

Republic of Kazakhstan (1991—present)

Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991.

Date Conflict Combatant I Combatant II Result for Kazakhstan President of Kazakhstan Kazakh losses Enemy losses
1991-2022 Kazakh-Russian ethnic conflicts  Kazakhstan Russian separatists

National Bolshevik Party

 Victory Nursultan Nazarbayev
?
 -2,000,000 displaced and dozens arrested
1992-1997 Tajikistani Civil War CSTO United Tajik Opposition
Jamiat-e Islami (until 1996)
Afghanistan Afghanistan (until 1996)
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996)
Afghanistan Taliban factions		 Military stalemale
?
?
1996-2001 Afghan Civil War  Kazakhstan
 Islamic State of Afghanistan		  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
 al-Qaeda
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
East Turkistan Islamic Party
Tanzeem-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
 Pakistan		 Military stalemale
?
?
2002–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa  Kazakhstan
NATO		 Insurgents:
Ongoing
  • 21 high level Al-Shabaab leaders killed[24]
?
 1,230–1,367 militants killed in Somalia
2003-2011 Iraq War  Kazakhstan
 United States
MNF–I
 United Kingdom
 New Iraqi government
 Iraqi Kurdistan		  Iraq (2003) Victory
?
 34,144-71,544 casualties
2011 Counterterrorist Operation in the Temir region
Temir district on the map of Kazakhstan
  Kazakhstan Armed group of religious extremists Victory
  • Complete liquidation of group members
 ~5 killed ~9 killed
2011 Almaty Operation  Kazakhstan Terrorists Victory
  • A terrorist group consisting of 5 people was liquidated
?
 ~5 killed
2012 Kulsary Operation  Kazakhstan Terrorists Victory
  • 5 terrorists killed, 1 wounded
?
 ~5 killed, 1 wounded
2012 Atyrau Operation  Kazakhstan Terrorists Victory
  • 4 terrorists killed
?
 ~4 killed
2022 Kazakh unrest
Counterterrorist forces in search for anti-government peoples at a parking lot in Almaty, 8 January 2022
 Government of Kazakhstan
 CSTO		 Kazakh Opposition Ceasefire Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Totally: 257 killed and 9,900 arrested

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kipchak | people
  2. ↑ Древняя Русь в свете зарубежных источников: Хрестоматия. Т. [V: Западноевропейские источники./Сост., леревод и комментарии А.В. Назаренко. - - М.: Русский фонд содействия образованию и науке, 2010. - - 512 с.
  3. ↑ «Половцы» Ю. В. Сухарев
  4. 1 2 3 «Очерки этнополитической истории кыпчаков» — Пилипчук Я.В., Сабитов Ж.М.
  5. 1 2 А. Кузембайулы, Е. Абиль: История Казахстана, с. 110
  6. ↑ Атыгаев Н. Казахское ханство: очерки внешнеполитической истории XV-XVII веков
  7. ↑ «Казахи и Россия» Р. Темиргалиев
  8. ↑ Торгутский побег: цена возвращения на историческую родину. WARHEAD.SU (2 ноября 2019). Дата обращения: 23 июня 2021. Архивировано 24 июня 2021 года
  9. ↑ "Мангыстауское восстание". Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия: в 5-ти томах. Vol. 3: К—М. Алматы: Қазақ энциклопедиясы. Гл. ред. Б. Г. Аяган. 2005. p. 479. ISBN 9965-9746-4-0.
  10. ↑ "Semirechye on Fire (Timestamp 33:30)". Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  11. 1 2 Ubiria, Grigol (2015). Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia: The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-1317504351.
  12. ↑ Morrison, Alexander (2020). The Russian Conquest of Central Asia: A Study in Imperial Expansion, 1814–1914. Cambridge University Press. p. 539. ISBN 978-1107030305.
  13. ↑ The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia, Edward Dennis Sokol, 1954, 2016, https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/revolt-1916-russian-central-asia
  14. 1 2 Sokol, Edward Dennis (2016-06-26). The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia. JHU Press. p. 155. ISBN 9781421420516.
  15. ↑ Б. Абдыгалиулы; Военные формирования Алаш-Орды
  16. ↑ М. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917-20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225—235
  17. ↑ Контрреволюционный переворот в Тургае
  18. ↑ Baberowski, Jörg; Doering-Manteuffel, Anselm (2009). Geyer, Michael; Fitzpatrick, Sheila (eds.). Beyond Totalitarianism: Stalinism and Nazism compared. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-521-89796-9.
  19. ↑ Borer, Douglas A. (1999). Superpowers defeated: Vietnam and Afghanistan compared. London: Cass. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-7146-4851-4.
  20. ↑ Ержан Карабек (2011-09-09). Уральские события 1991 года. Тайны и легенды [Ural events of 1991. Secrets and legends]. Радио Азаттык (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
  21. ↑ Илья Азар [in Russian] (20 October 2014). Усть-Каменогорская народная республика Ждут ли русские в Казахстане "вежливых людей": репортаж Ильи Азара [Ust-Kamenogorsk People's Republic: Are Russians in Kazakhstan waiting for “polite people”: report by Ilya Azar] (in Russian). Meduza. Archived from the original on 2015-04-25.
  22. ↑ Как русские стали «малым народом» в Казахстане
  23. ↑ Медведев обвинил власти Казахстана в геноциде русских и заявил о воссоздании СССР
  24. ↑ "Somalia Leaders Killed". New America Foundation. 740 15th Street, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005. 19 May 2016.

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