This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Peru (and its predecessor states), or in his territory, to the present.
Pre-Inca (-1438)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Wari Empire expansion campaigns[1][2][3]
(VII-X Century) |
Wari Empire | Caxamarca culture
Lambayeque culture Lima culture Moche culture Nazca culture Recuay culture |
Wari victory
|
Wari invasion of Moquegua[4]
(X/XI Century) |
Wari Empire | Tiwanaku Empire | Wari victory
|
Wari internal conflicts[5]
(XII Century) |
Wari Empire | Rebel forces Foreign Invaders |
|
Aymara invasions to Tiawanaku[6]
(XII Century) |
Tiwanaku Empire | Aymaras | Aymara victory
|
Tiawanku civil war[7][8]
(XII Century) |
Tiwanaku Empire | Rebel forces |
|
Chimu conquest of Sican
(1375) |
Chimu Empire | Sican Kingdom | Sican is turned into a province of the Chimu kingdom. |
Incan Empire (1438-1535)
Conflict | Allies | War against | Results | Head of State |
---|---|---|---|---|
Conquest of the Ayaviri
(XIII century) |
Kingdom of Cusco | Ayaviris | Inca Victory | Lloque Yupanqui |
Battle of Huaychu
(XIII century) |
Kingdom of Cusco | Colla Kingdom | Inca Victory | Mayta Cápac |
Rebellion of the Mascas[9]
(XIV century) |
Kingdom of Cusco | Mascas | Inca Victory
|
Inca Roca |
Rebellion of the Muyna and the Pinahua[10]
(XIV century) |
Kingdom of Cusco | Muyna
Pinahua |
Inca Victory
|
Inca Roca |
Chanca-Inca War
(1438-1440) |
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Chanka Kingdom | Inca Victory
|
Viracocha Inca |
Inca-Chincha war
(1440-1460) |
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Chincha Lordship | Inca Victory | Pachacuti |
Conquest of the towns of Collao
(1445-1505) |
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Collao towns | Inca Victory
• Quechuanization of the Collao |
Pachacuti |
Huarco-Inca War[11]
(1450s) |
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Huarco Confederation | Inca Victory
|
Pachacuti |
Rebellion of the Ayarmacas
(1460s) |
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Ayarmacas | Inca Victory
|
Pachacuti |
Conquest of the Cajamarcas[11][12]
(1460s) |
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Caxamarcas | Inca Victory
|
Pachacuti |
Conquest of the Chimú Empire
(1470) |
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Chimu Empire | Inca Victory
|
Pachacuti |
Guaraní invasions
(1470-1554) |
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|
Tupi-Guaraní people
Supported by
|
Inca Pirric Victory
|
Pachacuti |
Mapuche-Inca War
(1471-1530) |
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Inca Pirric Victory
|
Topa Inca Yupanqui |
Conquest of the Chachapoyas
(1472) |
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Chachapoya culture | Inca Victory | Topa Inca Yupanqui |
Rebellion of the Chimú
(1475)[13] |
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Chimor | Inca Victory
|
Topa Inca Yupanqui |
Conquest of the peoples of the northern Andes
(1490-1520) |
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Northern Andes Peoples | Inca Victory
|
Topa Inca Yupanqui |
Inca civil war
(1529-1532) |
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Atahualpa Victory | Huáscar |
Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire
(1532-1572) |
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|
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|
Spanish Victory
|
Atahualpa |
Colonial Peru (1535-1821)
Conflict | Allies | War against | Results | Head of State |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spanish conquest of the Chibchan nations
(1502-1540) |
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|
Chibchan peoples
Non-Chibcha peoples |
Foundation of the New Kingdom of Granada after overwhelming the indigenous peoples of the territory. | Charles I of Spain |
Grijalva expedition to the South Pacific(1537-1542) | ![]()
|
Hostile indigenous people of Polynesia mutinous Spaniards |
The ship is lost in New Guinea, where almost the entire crew died. The rest are rescued by the Portuguese from Ternate. | Charles I of Spain |
Civil Wars bettwen conquerors of Peru
(1537-1554) |
Pizarristas
Royalists
|
Almagristas
|
1° Pizarrist victory: New Castile stays with Cuzco. Deaths of: Diego de Almagro "el viejo" and Francisco Pizarro.
2° Crown of Castille victory: Abolition of the hereditary governorships of New Castile and New Toledo after the attempt of unification and independence of the Kingdom of Spain. Establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru to ensure compliance with the orders of the King of Spain [mostly Laws of Burgos]. Death of Diego Almagro "el mozo" and Cristóbal Vaca de Castro. 3° Stalemate: The encomiendas in Peru are gradually annulled through the New Laws and Laws of the Indies until the 18th century; death of Gonzalo Pizarro and Blasco Núñez Vela. 4° Viceroyalty of Peru victory: Death of Francisco Hernández Girón and end of the rebellions of the encomenderos. Consolidation of Indian Law to protect the natural rights of the indigenous person in Peru. |
Charles I of Spain |
Orellana Expedition to Amazon river
(1541-1542) |
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Hostile Amazonian peoples | Stalemate
|
Charles I of Spain |
Spanish conquest and colonization of Argentina
(1543-1593) (1543-1593) |
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Indigenous peoples
|
Victory of the Spanish conquistadors.
|
Charles I of Spain |
First Communero Rebellion
(1544) |
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Comuneros | Defeat of the royal authorities
|
Charles I of Spain |
Arauco War
(1535/1546-1810) |
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Stalemate
|
Charles I of Spain
Philip II of Spain Philip III of Spain Philip IV of Spain Charles II of Spain Philip V of Spain Louis I of Spain Ferdinand VI of Spain Charles III of Spain Charles IV of Spain Ferdinand VII of Spain |
Bandeirantes raids from Brazil
(1557-XVIII century)
|
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|
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Stalemate
|
Philip II of Spain
Philip III of Spain Philip IV of Spain Charles II of Spain Philip V of Spain Louis I of Spain Ferdinand VI of Spain Charles III of Spain Charles IV of Spain |
Calchaquí Wars (1560-1667) | ![]() |
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Victory of the Spanish Empire
|
Philip II of Spain |
Spanish-Chiriguano War
(1564-17th century) |
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Ava Guaraní people | Victory
|
Philip II of Spain
Philip III of Spain Philip IV of Spain Charles II of Spain Philip V of Spain Louis I of Spain Ferdinand VI of Spain Charles III of Spain Charles IV of Spain Ferdinand VII of Spain |
Bayano Wars
(1548-1582) |
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Rebel Maroons slaves from Panama | Victory
|
Philip II of Spain |
Spanish expeditions to Solomon and Vanuatu
(1567-1606) |
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Hostile indigenous people of Polynesia | Defeat
|
Philip II of Spain |
Colonial front of the Eighty Years' War and the Thirty Years' War
(1568-1648)
|
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|
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Supported by: |
Defeat
|
Philip II of Spain |
Castilian War (1578) | ![]()
|
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Status quo ante bellum
|
Philip II of Spain |
Expedition of Juan Jufré and Juan Fernández to Polynesia and New Zealand
(1575-1576) |
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Hostile indigenous people of Polynesia | Stalemate
|
Philip II of Spain |
Expeditions to Chile hostile to Spain
(1578-1741) |
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![]() Supported by:
|
Stalemate
|
Philip II of Spain
Philip III of Spain Philip IV of Spain Charles II of Spain Philip V of Spain Louis I of Spain |
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) | ![]() co-belligerent |
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Indecisive, Status quo ante bellum
|
Philip II of Spain |
Antarctic Expedition of the Armada del Mar del Sur to the South Seas and Terra Australis
(1603) |
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Inconclusive
|
Philip III of Spain |
Battle of Mbororé
(1641)
|
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Victory
|
Philip IV of Spain |
2nd Communero Rebellion of Paraguay
(1649-1650) |
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|
Royalist victory
|
Philip IV of Spain |
Mapuche uprising of 1655
(1655) |
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Defeat
|
Philip IV of Spain |
Chepo expedition
(1679) |
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Initial victory for the pirates
Peruvian royal victory in Battle of San Marcos de Arica
|
Charles II of Spain |
Colonial front of Nine Years' War
(1688–97) |
Grand Alliance: | ![]() |
Indecisive
|
Charles II of Spain |
West Indies and South American Front of the War of the Spanish Succession
(1701–14) |
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co-belligerent: |
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co-belligerent: |
Political victory for Spain loyal to Philip
Military victory for Spain loyal to Charles
|
Philip V of Spain |
Protests and rebellions of the 18th century in the Viceroyalty of Peru
(1700s) |
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Rebellions of peruleros | Pyric victory of the Viceroyalty authorities.
|
Philip V of Spain
Louis I of Spain Ferdinand VI of Spain Charles III of Spain Charles IV of Spain |
Huilliche uprising of 1712
(1712) |
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Huilliches of Chiloé | Royalist Victory
|
Philip V of Spain |
Great Revolt of the Comuneros of Paraguay
(1721-1735) |
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Comuneros | Royalist victory
|
Philip V of Spain |
Mapuche uprising of 1723
(1723) |
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Both sides claim victory
|
Philip V of Spain |
Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737) | ![]() |
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Defeat and Status quo ante bellum
|
Philip V of Spain |
Colonial front of the War of Austrian Succession (War of Jenkins' Ear)
(1739–48) |
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|
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|
Status quo ante bellum
|
Philip V of Spain |
Guaraní War
(1754–56) |
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Victory
|
Ferdinand VI of Spain |
Colonial front of the Seven Years' War | ![]()
|
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Stalemate
|
Charles III of Spain |
Mapuche uprising of 1766
(1766) |
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Stagnation due to inter-ethnic indigenous conflict
|
Charles III of Spain |
Spanish expeditions to Tahití
(1772-1775) |
![]() Christianized Tahitians |
Hostile Pagan Tahitians Spanish and Peruvian mutineers |
Victory
|
Charles III of Spain |
Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II
(1780-1783)
|
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|
Royalist victory
|
Charles III of Spain |
Huilliche uprising of 1792
(1792) |
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Huilliches of Futahuillimapu | Royalist victory
|
Charles IV of Spain |
Campaigns of Peruvian Royal Army during Spanish American wars of independence
(1808–1833) |
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Unoficcially supported by: |
1st phase
2nd phase
|
1st phase: Initial Royalist victory during the administration of the viceroy José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
2nd phase: Reverse during Joaquín de la Pezuela administration and final defeat during Jose de la Serna government.
|
Ferdinand VII of Spain |
Republic of Peru (1821-present)
Conflict | Peru and Peruvian Allies | War against | Results | Head of State of Peru |
---|---|---|---|---|
Peruvian War of Independence (1811–1826) |
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Victory
|
|
Ecuadorian War of Independence (1820–1822) |
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Victory
|
|
Iquicha War (1825–1828) |
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Victory | |
Peruvian intervention in Bolivia of 1828 (1828) |
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Victory
|
|
Gran Colombia–Peru War (1828–1829) |
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Stalemate
|
|
Peruvian Civil War of 1834 (1834) |
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Victory | |
Salaverry-Santa Cruz War (1835–1836) |
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Defeat
|
|
War of the Confederation (1836–1839) |
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Defeat
|
Various |
War between Argentina and Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1837–1839) |
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Defeat
|
Various |
Iquicha War (1839) |
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Victory
|
|
Peruvian-Bolivian War of 1841-1842 (1841–1842) |
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Ceasefire
|
|
Peruvian Civil War of 1843–1844 (1843–1844) |
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Defeat | |
Liberal Revolution of 1854 (1854) |
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Constitutional Army defeat | |
Peruvian Civil War of 1856–1858 (1856–1858) |
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Victory | |
Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1857–1860 (1857–1860) |
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Victory
|
|
Peruvian Civil War of 1865 (1865) |
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Defeat | |
Chincha Islands War (1865–1866) |
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Indecisive, both sides claimed victory
|
|
Peruvian Civil War of 1867 (1867) |
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Defeat | |
Puno Rebellion
(1868-1869) |
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Victory | |
Huáscar Uprising of 1877 (1877) |
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Victory | |
Battle of Pacocha
(1877) |
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Indecisive | |
War of the Pacific (1879–1883) |
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Defeat
|
Mariano Ignacio Prado es:Luis La Puerta de Mendoza Nicolás de Piérola Francisco García Calderón Lizardo Montero Flores Miguel Iglesias |
Peruvian Civil War of 1884–1885 (1884–1885) |
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Victory | |
Huaraz Rebellion (1885–1887) |
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Victory | |
Peruvian Civil War of 1894–1895 (1894–1895) |
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Defeat | |
Loretan Insurrection of 1896 (1896) |
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Victory | |
Salt Revolt (1896–1897) |
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Victory | |
Border skirmishes between Peru and Brazil[21]
(1902–1909) |
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Stalemate
|
Eduardo López de Romaña |
Combat of Angoteros (1903) | ![]() |
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Victory[23]
|
Eduardo López de Romaña |
Combat of Torres Causana (1904) | ![]() |
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Victory[24]
|
Serapio Calderón |
Peruvian-Ecuadorian tension of 1910
(1910) |
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Stalemate
|
|
Campaign of the Manuripi Region (1910) |
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Victory[25][26] | |
Conflict of the Pedrera (1911) |
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Victory[29]
|
|
1932 Trujillo Revolution
(1932) |
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Victory
|
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro |
Colombia–Peru War (1932–1933) |
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Ceasefire
|
|
Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941 (1941) |
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Victory
|
|
World War II (1945) |
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Victory
|
|
Leftists Guerrilla Insurgencies
(1962-1965) |
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Victory
|
Manuel Prado Ugarteche |
Limazo
(1975) |
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|
Government Victory | Juan Velasco Alvarado |
Border incident between Peru and Ecuador of 1978 (1978) | ![]() |
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Victory[30]
|
Francisco Morales Bermúdez |
Internal Conflict in Peru [Main Phase] (1980–2000) |
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|
Victory
|
Fernando Belaúnde Terry Alan García Alberto Fujimori Valentín Paniagua Alejandro Toledo Ollanta Humala Pedro Pablo Kuczynski |
Paquisha War (1981) |
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Victory
|
|
Cenepa War (1995) |
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Ceasefire
|
|
Narcoterrorist insurgency(2000–present) | ![]() |
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Peruvian narcotraficants |
Ongoing | Valentín Paniagua Alejandro Toledo Ollanta Humala Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Martín Vizcarra Manuel Merino Francisco Sagasti Pedro Castillo Dina Boluarte |
References
- ↑ Tung, Tiffiny (2007). "Trauma and Violence in the Wari Empire of the Peruvian Andes: Warfare, Raids, and Ritual Fights". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 133 (3): 941–956. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20565. PMID 17506491.
- ↑ Schreiber, Katharina J. (April 1987). "Conquest and Consolidation: A Comparison of the Wari and Inka Occupations of a Highland Peruvian Valley". American Antiquity. 52 (2): 266–284. doi:10.2307/281780. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 281780. S2CID 155131409.
- ↑ Julián Santillana (2000). «Los estados panandinos: Wari y Tiwanaku». En Teodoro Hampe Martínez, ed. Historia del Perú. Culturas prehispánicas. Barcelona: Lexus. ISBN 9972-625-35-4
- ↑ Martti Pärssinen (2003). «Copacabana: ¿El nuevo Tiwanaku? Hacia una comprensión multidisciplinaria sobre las secuencias culturales postiwanacotas de Pacasa (Bolivia).». En Ana María Lorandi, Carmen Salazar-Soler, Nathan Wachtel, ed. Los Andes: 50 años después (1953-2003) - Homenaje a John Murra (1 edición). Perú: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. pp. 229-280. ISBN 9972-42-592-4
- ↑ Tung, TA (2008). «Violence after Imperial Collapse: A Study of Cranial Trauma among Late Intermediate Period Burials from the Former Huari Capital, Ayacucho, Peru.». Ñawpa Pacha 29: 101-117. S2CID 129334201. doi:10.1179/naw.2008.29.1.003.
- ↑ Waldemar Espinoza Soriano. Los Incas. Economía Sociedad y Estado en la Era del Tahuantinsuyo. Lima: Amaru, 1987
- ↑ "Tiahuanaco, el imperio andino aún ignorado que legó su cultura a los Incas". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- ↑ Criales, Juan Villanueva (2017). "Lo boliviano y lo indígena en la construcción arqueológica del post-Tiwanaku altiplánico. Narrativas no inocentes y alternativas futuras". Surandino Monográfico (in Spanish) (2): 1–20. ISSN 2545-8256.
- ↑ Rostworowski Tovar, María (Octubre del 2010). «3. Las etnias cusqueñas y los primeros incas». Incas. Biblioteca Imprescindibles Peruanos. Perú: Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A. - Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 36-47. ISBN 978-612-4069-47-5
- ↑ Rostworowski Tovar, María (Octubre del 2010). «3. Las etnias cusqueñas y los primeros incas». Incas. Biblioteca Imprescindibles Peruanos. Perú: Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A. - Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 36-47. ISBN 978-612-4069-47-5
- 1 2 "Historia de los Incas - Historia". 2011-09-16. Archived from the original on 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
- ↑ Rostworowski de Díez Canseco, María (2001). Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, pp. 166. ISBN 978-9972-51-060-1
- ↑ https://www.latinamericanstudies.org/chimu/chimu-articulo.pdf
- ↑ "Tlaxcaltecas/Mexicanos en el Perú del siglo XVI | Siempre!" (in Mexican Spanish). 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
- ↑ https://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/nuevoamanecer/350309-nicaraguas-conquista-peru/
- ↑ The Acts of Union of 1707 united the crowns of England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. For much of the war, Scottish units were under Dutch pay and operated as part of the army of the Dutch Republic.
- ↑ "Peru invades Bolivian territory to expel Bolivarian troops". History Channel. May 1828.
- ↑ "Perú invade territorio boliviano para expulsar a las tropas bolivarianas". latam.historyplay.tv (in Spanish). May 1828. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
- ↑ "Guerra grancolombo-peruana (1828-1829), Guerras del Perú". Portal iPerú (in Spanish). 2016-09-03. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
- ↑ Porras Barrenechea, Raúl (1930). History of the Limits of Peru. Fundación M. J. Bustamante de la Fuente. ISBN 9786124587238.
- ↑ https://repositorio.uasb.edu.ec/bitstream/10644/5233/6/07-TR-Villafañe-s.pdf
- ↑ Acre War (1899-1903)
- ↑ "Centro de Estudios Histórico Militares del Perú". 26 June 2021.
- ↑ "Historia de la república del Perú [1822-1933]". Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. 2005. p. Tomo 12, Pág. 191.
- ↑ "192 years of Bolivian independence: territorial losses". Red Uno. August 4, 2017.
- ↑ "Bolivia has lost more than 1 million km2". Infogate. 13 December 2023.
- ↑ "Bolivia lost more than half of its territory". Newspaper the Homeland.
- ↑ "The territory of the Bolivian coast". Chilean Navy Magazine.
- ↑ Fernando Santos / Federica Barclay (2002). The domesticated frontier. PUCP. p. 194.
- ↑ Gutarra Maraví, Eleazar (1984). La Cordillera del Cóndor – Un desafío Geopolítico (in Spanish). Talleres Gráficos de la IMG.