N. T. Rama Rao in the 1952 film Daasi

N. T. Rama Rao (1923–1996), commonly known by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, screenwriter, director and producer who worked primarily in Telugu cinema. Through his over four-decade long career of almost 300 films, he was considered one of the most pivotal figures of the Telugu industry.[1][2] After his debut in Mana Desam (1949) and his first lead role in Palletoori Pilla (1950), Rama Rao's performance in the fantasy film Pathala Bhairavi (1951) made him famous.[3][4][5] His other films with Vijaya Vauhini Studios, Malliswari (1951) and Pelli Chesi Choodu (1952), were also successful, causing him to become the industry's "top star" according to Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen in the book Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema.[6] He also took his first steps into film production by forming the National Art Theatre production studio in 1953.[7]

Through the late 1950s and 1960s, Rama Rao became well known for his work in mythological films.[3][8] After a poorly-received cameo as Krishna in Sonta Ooru (1956), his portrayal of the god in the epic Mayabazar (1957) won him praise.[9][10] Rama Rao would go on to play Krishna in sixteen other films, with the role quickly becoming iconic for him.[11] In 1958's Bhookailas, he played the demon king Ravana to critical acclaim, which was an unprecedented turn for an actor who had mostly played heroic roles up to that point.[12][13] In the wake of its success, Rama Rao reprised the role in his successful directorial debut Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1961).[14][15] By then, his performances, particularly his portrayal of Venkateswara in Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam the year before, caused his fans to ascribe divine status to the point that pilgrims would visit Rama Rao's house after going to the deity's temple.[3][16][17][lower-alpha 1]

Later in his career, Rama Rao shifted his focus to social melodramas and vigilante films.[19][20] He also delved deeper into filmmaking, forming Ramakrishna Cine Studios in 1976.[21] The following year, Rama Rao wrote, directed and produced the first film under this banner, Daana Veera Soora Karna.[22] The film, where he played three characters of the Hindu epic Mahabharata, namely Karna, Duryodhana and Krishna, was a commercial success and became the first Telugu film to gross over ₹2 crore (20 million); as a result, it has been considered his magnum opus.[3][23][24] With his adoption of a new, youthful image in his other roles that year also becoming popular with audiences, 1977 has been considered Rama Rao's annus mirabilis.[25][26]

He would continue starring in vigilante films, often with themes of rebellion against a corrupt system and dual "old-young" hero roles, which were box-office hits despite being considered cheesy and over-the-top by critics.[27] After Rama Rao entered politics in 1982, he started to withdraw from the film industry.[28] Having become Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in 1983, he took a six-year break during his first two terms, with his last role beforehand being 17th century fortune teller Potuluri Veerabrahmam in Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra (1984).[17][29] Near the end of his second term, he controversially re-entered cinema by starting production of his next film Brahmarshi Viswamitra (1991) while still in office.[30] Both this film and his following production Samrat Ashoka (1992) failed to reinvigorate his career.[31] Rama Rao's final two films were released the year after, with Major Chandrakanth becoming a "sensational hit" and Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhoumudu flopping at the box office despite being critically praised.[32]

On-screen roles

  • All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.
Year Film Role(s) Notes Ref(s)
1949 Mana Desam Police inspector [33]
1950 Shavukaru Satyam [34]
[35]
1950 Palletoori Pilla Jayanth [36]
1950 Maaya Rambha Nalakubharudu [37]
1950 Samsaaram Raghu [38]
1951 Pathala Bhairavi Thota Ramudu Simultaneously shot in Tamil [4]
1951 Malliswari Nagaraju [39]
1952 Pelli Chesi Choodu Venkataramana Simultaneously shot in Tamil as Kalyanam Panni Paar [40]
1952 Daasi Ramaiah [41]
[42]
1952 Palletooru Chandram [43]
1953 Velaikari Magal Ramaiah Tamil film [41]
1953 Marumagal Kumar Tamil film; simultaneously shot in Telugu as Ammalakkalu [44]
1953 Pichi Pullayya Pullayya [45]
1953 Chandirani Kishore Simultaneously shot in Tamil and Hindi [46]
1954 Chandraharam Chandan Raju Simultaneously shot in Tamil [34]
[47]
1954 Vaddante Dabbu Shyam [48]
[49]
1954 Thodu Dongalu Paramesam Also producer [50]
[51]
1954 Rechukka Kannaiah / Kumara Rayala[lower-alpha 2] [52]
1954 Raju Peda Poligadu [53]
1954 Sangham Raja [54]
[55]
1954 Aggi Ramudu Aggi Ramudu / Kumar [56]
1954 Parivartana Ananda Rao [6]
1954 Iddaru Pellalu Mallaiah [6]
[57]
1955 Missamma M. T. Rao [58]
1955 Vijaya Gauri Gunasagara [6]
1955 Cherapakura Chedevu Mohan [6]
[59]
1955 Jayasimha Jayasimha / Bhavani Prasad [60]
1955 Kanyasulkam Girisam [61]
[62]
1955 Santhosham Anand / Paramanand[lower-alpha 3] Simultaneously shot in Hindi as Naya Aadmi (1956) [63]
1956 Tenali Ramakrishna Sri Krishnadevaraya Simultaneously shot in Tamil as Tenali Raman [64]
1956 Chintamani Bellvamangaludu [65]
1956 Jayam Manade Pratap [66]
1956 Sonta Ooru Madhav [6]
[10]
1956 Uma Sundari Vijaya Rayalu [6]
[67]
1956 Chiranjeevulu Mohan [68]
1956 Sri Gauri Mahatyam Balaveerudu [69]
[70]
1956 Penki Pellam Raju [6]
[71]
1956 Charana Daasi Dr. Chandra Shekar [72]
[73]
1957 Bhagya Rekha Ravi [74]
1957 Mayabazar Krishnudu Simultaneously shot in Tamil [10]
1957 Veera Kankanam Veera Mohan [75]
1957 Sankalpam Raghu [6]
[76]
1957 Vinayaka Chaviti Krishnudu [6]
[77]
1957 Bhale Ammayilu Anand [6]
[78]
1957 Sati Anasuya Kaushikudu [6]
[79]
1957 Sarangadhara Sarangadharudu [80]
1957 Kutumba Gowravam Gopalam [6]
[79]
1957 Panduranga Mahatyam Pundarikudu Also producer [7]
1958 Anna Thammudu Ravi [81]
1958 Bhookailas Ravanudu [82]
1958 Sobha Raja [83]
1958 Raja Nandini Jayachandrudu [84]
1958 Manchi Manasuku Manchi Rojulu Raju [85]
1958 Karthavarayuni Katha Karthavaraya [6]
[86]
1958 Inti Guttu Gopal [87]
1958 Sampoorna Ramayanam Ramar Tamil film [88]
[89]
1959 Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu Raja [90]
1959 Rechukka Pagatichukka Vijay Kumar Simultaneously shot in Tamil as Raja Sevai [91]
1959 Sabhash Ramudu Ramachandra Rao [92]
1959 Daiva Balam Chandrasenudu [93]
1959 Bala Nagamma Karyavardhi [94]
[95]
1959 Vachina Kodalu Nachindi Ravi [6]
[96]
1959 Banda Ramudu Ramu [6]
[97]
1960 Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam Venkateswara Swamy[lower-alpha 4] [98]
1960 Raja Makutam Pratap Simultaneously shot in Tamil [99]
1960 Rani Ratnaprabha Amara Simhudu [6]
[100]
1960 Devanthakudu Sundar [101]
1960 Vimala Vijay Kumar / Gopalam [6]
[102]
1960 Deepavali Krishnudu [103]
1960 Bhatti Vikramarka Vikramarka Maharaju [104]
1960 Kadeddulu Ekaram Nela Ramudu [6]
[105]
1960 Bhakta Raghunath Krishnudu Guest appearance [106]
1961 Seeta Rama Kalyanam Ravanudu Also director [14]
[107]
1961 Intiki Deepam Illale Raja Shekaram [108]
[109]
1961 Indrajeet (Sati Sulochana) Meghanadhudu [110]
1961 Pendli Pilupu Madhu [111]
1961 Santha Srinivas [112]
1961 Jagadeka Veeruni Katha Pratap [113]
1961 Kalasi Vunte Kaladu Sukham Kishtaiah [114]
1961 Taxi Ramudu Ramu [115]
1962 Gulebakavali Katha Vijayudu [116]
1962 Gaali Medalu Krishna [117]
1962 Tiger Ramudu Ramu [118]
1962 Bhishma Bheeshmudu [2]
1962 Dakshayagnam Sivudu [119]
1962 Gundamma Katha Anjaneya Prasad / Anji[lower-alpha 2] [120]
1962 Mahamantri Timmarusu Sri Krishnadevarayalu [121]
1962 Swarna Manjari Chandrabhanu [122]
1962 Rakta Sambandham Raju / Raja Shekaram [123]
1962 Aatma Bandhuvu Rangadu [124]
1963 Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu Krishnudu [125]
[103]
1963 Irugu Porugu Ravi [126]
1963 Pempudu Koothuru Raghu [127]
1963 Valmiki Raksha / Valmiki[lower-alpha 2] [128]
[129]
1963 Savati Koduku Seshu [6]
[130]
1963 Lava Kusa Ramudu Simultaneously shot in Tamil [131]
1963 Paruvu-Prathishta Raju [132]
1963 Aapta Mitrulu Prakash [6]
[133]
1963 Bandipotu Narasimham [134]
[129]
1963 Lakshadhikari Varaprasad [135]
1963 Sri Tirupatamma Katha Gopayya [136]
1963 Nartanasala Arjunudu [137]
1963 Manchi Chedu Gopi [6]
[138]
1964 Karnan Krishnan Tamil film, Cameo [139]
1964 Gudi Gantalu Vaasu [140]
1964 Marmayogi Prabhakar [141]
1964 Kalavari Kodalu Dr. Anand [142]
1964 Desa Drohulu Ramu [143]
1964 Ramudu Bheemudu Ramudu / Bheemudu[lower-alpha 3] [144]
1964 Sri Satyanarayana Mahathyam Satyanarayana Swamy / Satyadas[lower-alpha 3] [145]
1964 Aggi Pidugu Raja / Madhav[lower-alpha 3] [146]
1964 Dagudu Moothalu Sundarayya [147]
1964 Sabhash Suri Suryam [148]
1964 Babruvahana Arjunudu [149]
1964 Vivaha Bandham Chandra Shekar [149]
1964 Manchi Manishi Venu [150]
1964 Vaarasatwam Raghu [151]
1964 Bobbili Yuddham Raja Damerla Gopalakrishna Rangaravanayudu [152]
1964 Ramadasu Ramudu Guest role [153]
1965 Naadi Aada Janme Bhaskar [154]
1965 Pandava Vanavasam Bheemudu [155]
1965 Dorikithe Dongalu Nandan Rao / Agneyam[lower-alpha 2] [156]
1965 Mangamma Sapatham Raja / Vijay[lower-alpha 3] [157]
1965 Satya Harischandra Harishchandrudu [158]
1965 Thodu Needa Gopi [159]
1965 Prameelarjuneeyam Arjunudu [160]
1965 Devata Prasad [161]
1965 Veerabhimanyu Krishnudu [162]
1965 Visala Hrudayalu Shankar [163]
1965 C. I. D. Ravi [164]
1965 Aada Brathuku Raja [165]
1966 Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam Duryodhanudu / Krishnudu[lower-alpha 3] Also producer and screenwriter [166]
1966 Palnati Yudham Palnati Brahmanaidu [167]
1966 Shakuntala Dushyantudu [168]
1966 Paramanandayya Sishyula Katha Nandivardhana Maharaju [169]
1966 Srikakula Andhra Maha Vishnu Katha Vallabha Devudu [170]
1966 Mangalasutram Raju [171]
1966 Aggi Barata Raja [172]
1966 Sangeeta Lakshmi Venu [173]
1966 Sri Krishna Tulabharam Krishnudu [174]
[103]
1966 Pidugu Ramudu Ramu [175]
1966 Adugu Jaadalu Dr. Vijay [176]
1966 Dr. Anand Dr. Anand / Heart Patient[lower-alpha 3] [177]
1967 Gopaludu Bhoopaludu Raja / Gopi[lower-alpha 3] [178]
1967 Nirdoshi Anand Rao / Sundaram[lower-alpha 3] [179]
1967 Kanchu Kota Surendra [180]
1967 Bhuvana Sundari Katha Chandra Senudu [181]
1967 Ummadi Kutumbam Ramu [182]
1967 Bhama Vijayam Jaya Chandra [183]
1967 Nindu Manasulu Raju [184]
1967 Stree Janma Shekar [185]
1967 Sri Krishnavataram Krishnudu / Vishnu [186]
[187]
1967 Punyavathi Prakash [188]
1967 Aada Paduchu Satyam [189]
1967 Chikkadu Dorakadu Chikkadu [190]
1968 Uma Chandi Gowri Shankarula Katha Sivudu [191]
1968 Niluvu Dopidi Ramu [192]
1968 Thalli Prema Keshava Rao [193]
1968 Tikka Sankaraiah Mohan / Shankaram[lower-alpha 2] [194]
1968 Ramu Raja [195]
1968 Kalisochina Adrushtam Prakash [196]
1968 Ninne Pelladata Umapathi [197]
1968 Bhagya Chakramu Vikram [198]
1968 Nene Monaganni Vamsi [199]
1968 Baghdad Gaja Donga Abbu / Prince Faruk[lower-alpha 2] [200]
1968 Nindu Samsaram Bhaskar [201]
1969 Varakatnam Devasimha Also director and writer [202]
[203]
1969 Kathanayakudu Saradhi [204]
1969 Bhale Mastaru Madhu / Prof. Madhusudhan Rao[lower-alpha 2] [205]
1969 Gandikota Rahasyam Raja / Jayanth [lower-alpha 3] [206]
1969 Vichitra Kutumbam Rajashekaram [207]
1969 Kadaladu Vadaladu Vikram [208]
1969 Nindu Hrudayalu Gopi [209]
1969 Bhale Thammudu Ram Prasad (Paul) / Shyam Prasad[lower-alpha 5] [210]
1969 Aggi Veerudu Yeshovardhanudu [211]
1969 Mathru Devata Srinivasa Rao [212]
1969 Ekaveera Sethupathi [213]
1970 Thalla? Pellama? Sudhakar Also director, story and scriptwriter [214]
1970 Lakshmi Kataksham Kulavardhanudu [215]
1970 Ali Baba 40 Dongalu Ali Baba [216]
1970 Pettandarulu Chandram [217]
1970 Vijayam Manade Pratap [218]
1970 Chitti Chellelu Raja [219]
1970 Mayani Mamata Madhu / Madhavaaiah[lower-alpha 2] [220]
1970 Marina Manishi Raju [221]
1970 Kodalu Diddina Kapuram Ranga Also screenwriter [222]
1970 Oke Kutumbham Ramu / Rahimu[lower-alpha 2] [223]
1971 Sri Krishna Vijayamu Krishnudu
1971 Nindu Dampathulu Ramu
1971 Rajakota Rahasyam Vijay
1971 Jeevitha Chakram Raja [224]
1971 Raithu Bidda Ramu [225]
1971 Kannan Karunai Krishnan Tamil film; also director [226]
1971 Adrusta Jathakudu Prasad
1971 Chinnanati Snehitulu Srinivasa Rao
1971 Pavitra Hrudayalu Ravindra Babu
1971 Sri Krishna Satya Ramudu / Krishnudu / Ravanudu[lower-alpha 2]
1972 Sri Krishnanjaneya Yuddham Krishnudu [103]
1972 Kula Gowravam Raja Ramachandra Prasad / Raghunath Prasad / Shankar[lower-alpha 3]
1972 Badi Panthulu Raghava Rao [227]
1973 Errakota Veerudu Pratap Voiced by Dasaratha Ramireddy [228]
1973 Dabbuki Lokam Dasoham Ramu
1973 Desoddharakulu Gopal Rao [229]
1973 Dhanama? Daivama? Ramachandra Rao [230]
1973 Devudu Chesina Manushulu Ramakrishna
1973 Vaade Veedu Kondadu / Rambabu[lower-alpha 2]
1974 Palleturi Chinnodu Lakhchanna
1974 Ammayi Pelli Raghuram
1974 Manushullo Devudu Raja / Rajashekaram
1974 Tatamma Kala Ramaiah / Musalaiah[lower-alpha 3]
1974 Nippulanti Manishi Inspector Vijay
1974 Deeksha Raja
1975 Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham Ramudu [231]
1975 Kathanayakuni Katha Ramu
1975 Samsaaram Raghava Rao
1975 Ramuni Minchina Ramudu Dr. Ramu / Major Raghu[lower-alpha 3]
1975 Annadammula Anubandham Vijay
1975 Maya Maschindra Vishnuvu / Saint Maschindra[lower-alpha 2]
1975 Teerpu
1975 Eduruleni Manishi Vijay
1976 Vemulawada Bheemakavi
1976 Aradhana Gopi
1976 Manushulanta Okkate Ramu / "Raja" Rajendrababu[lower-alpha 3] [232]
1976 Magaadu Vijay
1976 Neram Nadi Kadu Akalidi Vikram
1976 Bangaru Manishi Venu
1976 Maa Daivam Raju
1976 Manchiki Maro Peru Jayanth
1977 Daana Veera Soora Karna Karnudu / Krishnudu / Duryodhanudu[lower-alpha 3] Also director, producer and writer [3]
1977 Adavi Ramudu Ramu [233]
1977 Edureeta Madhu
1977 Chanakya Chandragupta Chandragupta Maurya [234]
1977 Maa Iddari Katha Satyam / Vishwam[lower-alpha 3]
1977 Yamagola Satyam [235]
1978 Sati Savitri Yamudu
1978 Melu Kolupu Shekhar
1978 Akbar Salim Anarkali Akbar Also director and screenwriter [236]
1978 Rama Krishnulu Ramu
1978 Yuga Purushudu Rajesh / Kalyan
1978 Rajaputra Rahasyam Gajendra
1978 Simha Baludu Rajendra
1978 Sri Rama Pattabhishekam Ramudu / Ravanudu[lower-alpha 3] Also director, story and scriptwriter [237]
1978 Sahasavanthudu Raghu
1978 Lawyer Viswanath Lawyer Viswanath
1978 KD No:1 Krishna
1979 Driver Ramudu Ramu
1979 Maavari Manchitanam
1979 Sri Madvirata Parvam Krishnudu / Arjunudu / Duryodhanudu / Kichakudu[lower-alpha 3] Also director, producer and screenwriter [238]
[239]
1979 Vetagaadu Raja [240]
1979 Tiger Raja
1979 Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam Venkateswara Swamy Also director [241]
[242]
1979 Srungara Ramudu Rajaram
1979 Yugandhar Yugandhar / Vijay[lower-alpha 3] [240]
1980 Challenge Ramudu Vijayaram [243]
1980 Circus Ramudu Ramu / Raja[lower-alpha 3] [244]
1980 Aatagadu Gopi [245]
1980 Superman Raja [246]
1980 Rowdy Ramudu Konte Krishnudu Ramu
1980 Sardar Papa Rayudu Sardar Paparayudu / Inspector Ramu[lower-alpha 3] [247]
1980 Sarada Ramudu Madhav
1981 Prema Simhasanam Raja / Anand Varma[lower-alpha 3]
1981 Gaja Donga Raja / Krishna[lower-alpha 3]
1981 Evaru Devudu
1981 Tirugu Leni Manishi Raja
1981 Satyam Shivam Shivam
1981 Viswaroopam Viswam / Chittaiah[lower-alpha 3]
1981 Aggi Ravva Ramu Also producer [248]
1981 Kondaveeti Simham S. P. Ranjith Kumar / Ramu[lower-alpha 3] [247]
1981 Maha Purushudu Vijay [249]
1982 Anuraga Devatha Ramu
1982 Kaliyuga Ramudu Ramu
1982 Justice Chowdary Justice R. K. Chowdary / Ramu[lower-alpha 3] [247]
1982 Bobbili Puli Major Chakradhar [247]
1982 Vayyari Bhamalu Vagalamari Bhartalu Peddababu Prabhakar
1982 Naa Desam Bharat [250]
[251]
1983 Simham Navvindi Narasimham
1983 Chanda Sasanudu Hari Chandra Prasad / Raja[lower-alpha 3] Also director and writer [252]
1984 Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra Potuluri Veerabrahmam / Buddhudu / Adi Shankara / Ramanuja / Vemana[lower-alpha 3] [253]
[17]
1991 Brahmarshi Viswamitra Viswamitrudu / Ravanudu[lower-alpha 3] Also Director / Story/ Screenwriter / Editor [254]
[250]
1992 Samrat Ashoka Ashoka / Chanakya[lower-alpha 3] Also Director / Story / Screewriter / Editor [255]
[256]
[31]
1993 Major Chandrakanth Major Chandrakanth [257]
[258]
1993 Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhowmudu Srinatha [259]

Off-screen roles

Year Film Story Screenplay Direction Editor Notes
1961Seetharama Kalyanam Yes
1962Gulebakavali Katha Yes
1966Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam Yes Yes
1967Ummadi Kutumbam Yes Yes
1968Varakatnam Yes Yes Yes
1970Thalla? Pellama? Yes Yes Yes
1970Kodalu Diddina Kapuram Yes
1971Kannan Karunai Yes Tamil film
1972Kula Gowravam Yes
1974Tatamma Kala Yes Yes Yes
1976Vemulawada Bheemakavi Yes Yes
1977Daana Veera Soora Karna Yes Yes Yes
1977Chanakya Chandragupta Yes Yes Yes
1978Akbar Salim Anarkali Yes Yes Yes
1978Sri Rama Pattabhishekam Yes
1979Sri Madvirata Parvam Yes Yes Yes
1979Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam Yes Yes Yes
1983Chanda Sasanudu Yes Yes
1984Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra Yes Yes Yes
1991Brahmarshi Viswamitra Yes Yes Yes Yes
1992Samrat Ashoka Yes Yes Yes Yes

Production credits

Year Film
1953 Pichi Pullayya
1954 Thodu Dongalu
1955 Jayasimha
1957 Panduranga Mahatyam
1961 Seetharama Kalyanam
1962 Gulebakavali Katha
1966 Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam
1967 Ummadi Kutumbam
1970 Varakatnam
1970 Thalla? Pellama?
1970 Kodalu Diddina Kapuram
1971 Sri Krishna Satya
1972 Kula Gowravam
1974 Tatamma Kala
1975 Vemulawada Bheemakavi
1977 Daana Veera Soora Karna
1977 Chanakya Chandragupta
1978 Sri Rama Pattabhishekam
1979 Sri Madvirata Parvam
1979 Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam
1980 Rowdy Ramudu Konte Krishnudu
1981 Aggi Ravva
1982 Anuraga Devatha
1983 Simham Navvindi
1983 Chanda Sasanudu
1984 Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra
1991 Brahmarshi Viswamitra
1992 Samrat Ashoka

Notes

  1. In Maverick Messiah, journalist Ramesh Kandula criticises the claim that Rama Rao's fans considered him godly as sensationalism and states that pilgrims who visited his house did not worship him.[18]
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rama Rao played a single character with two or more names.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Rama Rao played two or more characters.
  4. Rama Rao played multiple forms of the same character, such as an avatar.
  5. Rama Rao played two or more characters, with at least one having multiple names.

References

  1. "N.T. Rama Rao: A timeline". The Hindu. 28 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  2. 1 2 Mondal, Manisha (18 January 2019). "N.T. Rama Rao, the three-time CM of Andhra Pradesh who could serve one full term". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Remembering NT Rama Rao on his 97th birth anniversary". The Indian Express. 29 May 2020. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  4. 1 2 Narasimham, M. L. (13 April 2013). "Pathalabhairavi (1951)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  5. Narayan 1983, p. 74.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 189.
  7. 1 2 Dasagrandhi, Madhuri (16 September 2018). "NTR's phenomenal act as an atheist-turned-devotee". Telangana Today. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  8. Lyden 2009, p. 149.
  9. Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 350.
  10. 1 2 3 Narasimham, M. L. (30 April 2015). "Mayabazar (1957)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  11. "Producers of NTR's Mayabazar had nearly rejected his Krishna role". Hindustan Times. 25 August 2016. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  12. Chandrahas & Lakshminarayana 2019, p. 151.
  13. "Sr NTR birth anniversary special: 5 unforgettable classics that prove 'Annagaru' is irreplaceable". Deccan Herald. 28 May 2020. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  14. 1 2 Narasimham, M. L. (14 April 2016). "SITA RAMA KALYANAM (1961)". The Hindu. Hyderabad. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  15. "Seeta Rama Kalyanam was the first movie directed by NTR in 1961". The Times of India. 20 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  16. Lyden 2009, p. 149; Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 189.
  17. 1 2 3 Richi, Priyankak (8 January 2019). "Playing god on screen: How NTR's mythological roles shaped his political career". The News Minute. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  18. Kandula 2021, p. 66.
  19. Bhrugubanda 2018, p. 45.
  20. Chandrahas & Lakshminarayana 2019, p. 146.
  21. Dasagrandhi, Madhuri (8 July 2018). "Where the magic gets unfolded". Telangana Today. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  22. Bhrugubanda 2018, p. 165.
  23. Rajpal, Roktim (18 January 2020). "Remembering Sr NTR on his death anniversary: Why 'Annagaru' is an irreplaceable icon". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  24. Tanmayi, Bhawana (8 July 2017). "Highlighting the goodness of Karna, Suyodhana". Telangana Today. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  25. Bhrugubanda 2018, pp. 142–144.
  26. "1977 సీనియర్ ఎన్టీఆర్‌కి చాలా స్పెషల్.. ఎందుకో తెలుసా..?" [1977 was very special for Sr. NTR.. Do you know why..?]. News18 Telugu (in Telugu). 28 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  27. Kandula 2021, pp. 68–69.
  28. Menon, Amarnath K. (30 April 1982). "Inspired by MGR, N.T. Rama Rao enters rough and tumble of politics". India Today. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
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Bibliography

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