.jpg.webp)
Supporters of Catalan independence in Barcelona in October 2019
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession,[1][2][3] though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy or to be recognised as a national minority.[4]
Criteria
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).
Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks to unify into a different state – in cases where this does not involve the creation of a new state entity, this is considered to be irredentism. Analogous irredentist movements are included in the list of active irredentist movements.
Azerbaijan
 Azerbaijan districts claimed by Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic  Lezgin speaking territories of Russia and Azerbaijan |
Territory of the short-lived 
Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic
- People: Talysh people
- Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan[5] or independence.[6]
- Political organisation: Talysh National Movement
- Government in exile: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic[7]
- Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan[5] or independence.[6]
- Ethnic group: Lezgins
- Proposed: Autonomy for
Lezgistan - Political organisation:
Sadval movement,[8][9] Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy
- Proposed: Autonomy for
Belgium
 Communities:
Flemish and French Community
|
- Autonomist movements
- People: Flemish
- Autonomous area: Flanders[10]
- Movements: Flemish Movement
- Autonomous area: Flanders[10]
- People: Walloons
- Autonomous area: Wallonia[11]
- Movements: Walloon Movement
- Autonomous area: Wallonia[11]
- Secessionist movements
Flanders or Flemish Community (the latter includes 
Brussels-Capital Region)
- People: Flemish
- Proposed state: Flanders, unification with the
Netherlands[12][13][14]
- Political parties: New Flemish Alliance (member of the European Free Alliance), Libertair, Direct, Democratisch, Vlaams Belang and Flemish-Socialist Movement
- Movements: Vlaamse Volksbeweging (VVB), Overlegcentrum van Vlaamse Verenigingen, Taal Aktie Komitee and Voorpost
- Proposed state:
Wallonia or French Community of Belgium (the latter includes Brussels-Capital Region)
- People: Walloons
- Proposed state: Unification with
France[15][16][12]
- Political parties: Walloon Rally, Rassemblement Wallonie France
- Proposed state: Unification with
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Secessionist movements
- People: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Proposed: independence or unification with
Serbia[17][18]
- Political organisation: National Assembly of Republika Srpska (Government of Republika Srpska)
- Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party[19]
- Proposed: independence or unification with
- Autonomist movements
Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia
- People: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Proposed state: Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, as a refounded third entity of Bosnia-Herzegovina[20]
- Political organisation: Croatian National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina[21]
- Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatian Democratic Union 1990, Croatian Christian Democratic Union
- Proposed state:
Croatia
The Istria County in Croatia.
- Autonomist movements
- People: Istrians (Croats, Istrian Italians, Istro-Romanians, and Istriot-speakers)
- Proposed: Autonomy for
Istria within Croatia[23]
- Political party: Istrian Democratic Assembly (factions, not officially)[24][25]
- Proposed: Autonomy for
Cyprus
The northern areas of the island of Cyprus administered by Turkish Cypriots
The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus
- People: Turkish Cypriots
- De facto state:
Northern Cyprus (recognized only by Turkey)
- Proposed: re-unification with
Cyprus,[26] unification with 
Turkey[27] or recognition of Northern Cyprus[28] - Political organisation: Government of Northern Cyprus
- Militant organisation: Security Forces Command
- Proposed: re-unification with
- De facto state:
Czechia
Denmark
.svg.png.webp)
- People: Faroese
- Proposed state:
Faroe Islands[32][30] or autonomy[33]
- Political parties: Republican Party, Progress, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
- Proposed state:
Minor Movements
- Proposed state:
Bornholm[34] - Proposed autonomous area: Bornholm
- Political party: Bornholm's Self-Government Party
Finland
Åland
- People: Åland Swedes
- Proposed state:
Åland[35]
- Political party: Future of Åland (EFA member)
- Proposed state:
France
- Secessionist movements
Location of the Basque Country
French Basque Country/
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
- People: Basque
- Proposed state: unification with the Basque Country and
Navarre – Euskal Herria[36][37][38] as an independent state or autonomy.[39]
Euskal Herria Bai- Political parties: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party).
- Trade unions: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
- Youth advocacy groups: Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
- Militant organisations: Irrintzi
- Proposed state: unification with the
Location of Brittany
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
Historic Brittany, comprising Brittany (administrative region) and parts of 
Pays de la Loire
- People: Bretons
- Proposed state: Brittany[34]
- Advocacy groups: Celtic League[40]
- Political parties: Breton Democratic Union, Adsav, Strollad Breizh, Emgann
- Militant organisation: Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh (Breton Revolutionary Army) (ARB)
- Proposed state:
Location of Corsica
- People: Corsicans
- Proposed state:
Corsica[41][34]
- Political party: Corsica Libera, Pè a Corsica
- Militant group: National Liberation Front of Corsica
- Proposed state:
The Dutch-language Taalgebied (Sprachraum), including northern French Flanders
- People: Flemings
- Proposed state: French Flanders, Pale of Calais and Audomarois and re-unification with West Flanders, East Flanders, Tournaisis and Zeelandic Flanders into an independent Flemish state, unification with the Netherlands (separatist) or
.svg.png.webp)
Belgium (autonomist)[42][43]
- Political party: Flemish movement
- Proposed state:
.svg.png.webp)
Location of Provence
- People: Provençals (Occitans)
- Proposed state:
Provence or autonomy
- Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença[44]
- Political party: Prouvènço Nacioun[45]
- Proposed state:
Northern Catalonia/Pyrénées-Orientales
- People: Northern Catalans
- Proposed state: Catalonia or unification with Catalan Countries (Spain)
- Political parties: Esquerra Republicana- Catalunya del Nord,[46] Oui au Pays Catalan (autonomist),[47] Popular Unity Candidacy
- Advocacy organisations: Catalunya Nord per la independència,[48] Òmnium Catalunya Nord[49]
- Youth organisations: Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana (Catalunya Nord)[50]
- Proposed state:
- Proposed: "Proposed Federating of Nice, Savoy, Valle d'Aosta, Liguria and Piedmont into a multilingual and plurinational state on the Swiss model."[51]
- Political parties: Piemonte Stato[51]
- Ethnic group: Pieds-Noirs
- Political party: Etat Pied-Noir[52][53][54][55]
- Status: Active (Established in 2016)
- Proposed state: The federation of the two shores^
- Autonomist movements
Location of Normandy
- People: Alsatians (Allemanics)
- Proposed autonomous area:
Alsace[56][57][58]
- Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, Nationalforum Elsass-Lothringen, Unser Land (EFA member)
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: Bretons
- Proposed autonomous area: Brittany[58][34]
- Political party: Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh (EFA member)
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: Corsicans
- Proposed autonomous area: Corsica[34][41]
- Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA member)
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: Savoyans
- Proposed autonomous area:
Savoy[62][63][64]
- Political party: Movement Règion Savouè (EFA member)
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: Occitans
- Proposed autonomous area:
.svg.png.webp)
Occitania
- Political parties: Partit Occitan[65] (EFA member), Assemblada Occitana,[66][67] Libertat
- Proposed autonomous area:
- Proposed autonomous area:
Franche Comté[68][69]
- Political party: Mouvement Franche-Comté, Yes Franche-Comté
- militant organization: Franche-Comtât Abada!
- Political party: Mouvement Franche-Comté, Yes Franche-Comté
Georgia
Georgian administrative divisions are outlined in black. Occupied territories of Georgia are shown in pink.
Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
- People: Abkhazians
- De facto state:
Abkhazia[70] (recognized by 6 UN members) - Proposition: Recognition of Abkhazia as an independent state.
- Political organisation: Government of Abkhazia
- Militant organisation: Abkhazian Armed Forces
- De facto state:
Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
- People: Ossetians
- De facto state:
South Ossetia[71] (recognized by 5 UN members) - Proposition: Recognition of South Ossetia as an independent state or unification with Russia[72][73][74][75]
- Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
- Militant organisation: Armed Forces of South Ossetia
- De facto state:
- Ethnic group: Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti
- Proposed: Autonomy for the region
Javakhk (Javakheti) - Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance[76][77][78]
- Proposed: Autonomy for the region
Germany
- People: Bavarians, Franconians, Swabians
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
.svg.png.webp)
.svg.png.webp)
Free State of Bavaria
- Political party: Bavaria Party (EFA member)[79][80][81]
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Saxony
- Political party: Free Saxons[82][83][84]
- Political party:
- Proposed autonomous area: East Frisia
- Ethnic group: Frisians
- Political party: Die Friesen (former EFA member)[88][89][90]
- Proposed autonomous region:
Franconia[91]
- Political party: Party for Franconia[92]
Greece
- Proposition: Creation of Republic of Chameria[93][94][95]
- Ethnic group: Cham Albanians
- Advocacy group: Democratic Foundation of Chameria (Activity)
- Militant organization: Liberation Army of Chameria (Activity)
Hungary
Italy
- People: Friulians
- Proposed state:
Friuli
- Political parties:
- Secessionist parties: Res Publica Furlane-Parlament Furlan,[99] Patrie Furlane, Friulian Front,[100]
- Autonomist parties: Pact for Autonomy[100]
- Political parties:
- Proposed state:
- Proposed state:
Republic of Lombardy or autonomy.
- Political parties (autonomist): Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda[101]
- Political parties (secessionist): Pro Lombardy Independence, Lega Lombarda[102][103]
- Proposed state:
Padania[104]
- Political parties (autonomist): Lega Nord, Great North[105][106]
- Political parties (secessionist): Lega Nord (formerly),[105] Lega Padana, Padanian Union, Alpine Padanian Union
- Proposed state:
.svg.png.webp)
Mezzogiorno[107][108] or Ausonia
- Political parties (secessionist and autonomist):[109] We the South, Great South, Movement for Autonomy[110] Autonomy South, Force of the South and I the South, Lega Sud Ausonia[111]
- People: Sicilians
- Proposed state:
Sicily[112][104]
- Political parties (autonomist): Sicilian Socialist Party, Party of the Sicilians Movement for Autonomy[110]
- Political parties (secessionist): Free Sicilians[113][114]
- Groups: Sicilian National Front,[115] Sicilia Nazione,[116] Sicilian National Liberation Movement.[117]
- Proposed state:
- Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for South Tyrol or unification with Tyrol in Austria[118][119]
- Political parties: Die Freiheitlichen (independence), South Tyrolean Freedom (unification)
- Proposed state: Proposed Federating of Nice, Savoy, Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont, Lomellina and Oltrepò Pavese, the old Province of Bobbio, Oneglia and Dolceacqua[120] "into a multilingual and plurinational state on the Swiss model."[51]
- Political parties: État de Savoie, Piemonte Stato[51]
- Groups: Gioventura Piemontèisa[121][122]
- Ethnic group: Tuscans
- Proposed: independence or greater autonomy for
Tuscany - Political party: Tuscan Autonomist Movement, Toscano Stato[123][124][125]
- Proposed: independence or greater autonomy for
- Proposed state:
Republic of Venice or autonomy[126][127][128]
- Political parties (autonomist): Liga Veneta, Veneto for Autonomy[129]
- Political parties (secessionist): Party of Venetians, Venetian Independence, We Are Veneto, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetian People's Unity, Venetian Left
- youth organization: Independentist Youth
- Proposed state: Free Territory of Trieste
- Proposition: Greater autonomy for Aosta
- Political party: Valdostan Union[133][134][135]
- Ethnic group: Sardinian people
- Proposition: Greater autonomy or independence for
Sardinia.[136][137] - Advocacy groups: Canton Marittimo[138]
- Political parties: Sardinian Action Party
- Proposition: Greater autonomy or independence for
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: people from Romagna[139]
- Proposal: splitting of the
Romagna from Emilia-Romagna - Political party: Movement for the Autonomy of Romagna, Lega Romagna
- Proposal: splitting of the
Kosovo
- People: Kosovo Serbs
- Proposed state:
Community of Serb Municipalities within 
Kosovo[140]
- Political organisations: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities (status unknown), Serb List[141]
- Proposed state:
Lithuania
- Ethnic group: Samogitians
- Proposed autonomous region:
Samogitia[142]
- Political party: Samogitian Party
- Proposed autonomous region:
Malta
- People: Gozitan
- Proposed autonomous area:
Gozo[143]
- Political organisation: People's Party (Malta),[144] Gozo Party (Defunct)
- Proposed autonomous area:
Moldova
.svg.png.webp){kind=spacer}
- Breakaway state
- People: Equal proportions of Russians, Ukrainians and Moldovans
- De facto state:
.svg.png.webp)
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
- Proposed state: Transnistria [145] or unification with
Russia[145]
- Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
- Militant organisation: Army of Transnistria
- Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
- Proposed state:
- De facto state:
- People: Gagauz people
- Proposed State: Gagauz Republic
Netherlands
- People: Frisians, West Frisians
- Proposition: Greater autonomy for
West Frisia
- Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member)(Greater autonomy)[148][149]
- Proposition: Greater autonomy for
Poland
Silesia on map of Poland, Germany and Czech Republic
Map of Danzig in 1939
- People: Kashubians
Portugal
- ethnic group: Azoreans
- proposed state:
Azores
- Political Party: Azores Liberation Front
- proposed state:
Romania
Location of Transylvania (left) and Banat (right)
- People: Romanians, Hungarians, Transylvanian Saxons
- Proposed autonomous area or state: Transylvania or Banat[157]
- Political party: Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party[158]
- Advocacy organisations: Liga Pro Europa,[159] Provincia,[159] Autonomy for Transylvania[160] Székely-Hungarian National Guard,[161][162][163] Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată),[164][165] League of Banat (Liga Bănățeană)[166][167]
- Proposed autonomous area or state: Transylvania or Banat[157]
The historical Székely seats on the map of present-day Romania
- People: Székelys
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
Székely Land
- Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993.[168] Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy.[169] Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Székely autonomy in Székely Land.[170] It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.[171]
- Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council[172]
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
- People: Hungarians
- Proposed autonomous area: Partium
- Advocacy organisations: Hungarian National Council of Transylvania[173]
- Proposed autonomous area: Partium
Russia
NOTE: Only movements created prior to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine are represented here, due to the fact that most of the new movements function as online organizations and have little to no political or cultural influence.
- People: Chechens
- Proposed state:
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (government in exile) - Government in exile: Ichkerian government in exile (Proposed to be recognized by UN member: Ukraine)
- Militant organisation: Chechen separatists, Ajnad al-Kavkaz, Chechen volunteers in Ukraine
- Advocacy group: Adat People's Movement[174]
- Proposed state:
- People: Circassians
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
Circassia
- Advocacy groups: Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi; Adyghe Khase; International Circassian Association (former member of UNPO)
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
- People: Ingush
- Proposed state:
Ingushetia, unification with 
Chechnya or 
Georgia
- Militant organisation: Ingush Liberation Army
- Advocacy group: Ingush Independence Committee
- Proposed state:
- People: Russian
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
Baltic Republic/Königsberg
- Advocacy groups: Kaliningrad Public Movement, Respublika Movement[178]
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
- People: Russians, Izhorians, Ingrians, Votes
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Ingria
- Militant organization: Ingrian Battalion (part of the Siberian Battalion of the Civic Council)[180]
- Advocacy groups: Free Ingria, Ingria Without Borders,[181] Ingermanland National Cultural Autonomy[179]
- Militant organization: Ingrian Battalion (part of the Siberian Battalion of the Civic Council)[180]
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
- People: Karelians, Vepsians, Russians, Finns, Pomors
- Proposed state:
.svg.png.webp)
Karelia
- Militant organisation: Karelian National Battalion
- Advocacy groups: Karelian National Movement[183]
- Militant organisation: Karelian National Battalion
- Proposed state:
Republic of Kalmykia[184][185][186]
- People: Kalmyks
- Proposed federal subject or state: Kalmykia, unification with
Astrakhan Oblast[187]
- Advocacy group: Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress
- Proposed federal subject or state:
- People: Bashkirs
- Proposed federal subject or nation:
.svg.png.webp)
Bashkortostan[188] - Militant organisation: Committee of Bashkir Resistance,[189] Bashkir Company[190]
- Advocacy groups: Bashkort movement, Bashkir National-Political Center of Lithuania[191]
- Proposed federal subject or nation:
- People: Chuvash
- Proposed federal subject or state:
Chuvashia or Volga Bulgaria[192][193]
- Advocacy Movements: Chuvash National Movement, Chuvash Republican Youth
- Proposed federal subject or state:
- People: Bashkirs, Chuvash, Erzya, Mari, Mokshas, Russians, Tatars, Udmurts
- Proposed state:
Idel-Ural Republic
- Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural[194]
- Proposed state:
- People: Mari
- Proposed federal subject or state:
.svg.png.webp)
Mari El
- Advocacy groups: Mari Ushem
- Proposed federal subject or state:
- People: Erzyas, Mokshas
- Proposed state:
Erzyan Mastor[195]
- Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural[183]
- Proposed state:
- People: Tatars
- Proposed state:
Tatarstan - Government in exile: Tatarstan government in exile[196]
- Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
- Advocacy groups: The Union of Tatar Youth, Tatar Patriotic Front Altyn Urda, Tatar Social Center, Ittifaq Party, Free Idel-ural
- Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
- Proposed state:
Serbia
Image Note: Republic of Vojvodina within federalized Serbia, proposed by the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina in 1999 – the map also includes an autonomous Sandžak, Kosovo and the metropolitan area of Belgrade as a distinctive administrative unit as well
- Autonomist movements
- Proposals for Hungarian Regional Autonomy[197] in the northern part of Vojvodina:
- People: Bosniaks of Serbia
- Proposed autonomous province:
Sandžak - Advocacy groups (autonomist): Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak, Islamic Community in Serbia[198]
- Proposed autonomous province:
- Separatist movements
- ethnic group: Albanians in Serbia
- proposal: Independence or autonomy for the Preševo Valley[199] or unification with Kosovo
- political party: Association of Albanian Municipalities,[200] Party for Democratic Action
- political party (autonomist): Albanian Coalition of Preševo Valley
- proposal: Independence or autonomy for the Preševo Valley[199] or unification with
- People: Albanians in Kosovo
- Proposed: Republic of Kosovo
- De facto state: Republic of Kosovo (recognised by 52% of UN member states)
- Political organisation: Government of Kosovo
- Movement: Albanian nationalism in Kosovo
- De facto state:
Slovakia
Linguistic makeup of Slovakia, according to Census 2011
- Autonomist movements
Southern Slovakia:
- People: Hungarians
- Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence,[201] or unification with
Hungary
- Political parties (autonomist): Party of the Hungarian Community,[202] In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.[203]
- Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence,[201] or unification with
Spain
Regions in Spain with autonomist or separatist movements
proposed extent of the Catalan country
- Secessionist movements
Basque Country (autonomous community) and Navarre
- People: Basques
- Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria[36]
- Political parties: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party) (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza (Basque Nationalist Action), Alternatiba
- Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
- Youth advocacy groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Haika] (illegalised) Segi, Ikasle Abertzaleak
- Proposed state:
- People: Catalans
- Proposal state: Catalan Republic –
Catalan Countries (i.e. including other Catalan-speaking areas)
- Political parties (independentist): Republican Left of Catalonia (33/135), Together for Catalonia (32/135), Popular Unity Candidacy (9/135), supported by other small parties and civil organisations Corròp, Popular Unity Candidacy
- Political parties (autonomist): Catalunya en Comú–Podem (8/135)
- Civil organisations: Assemblea Nacional Catalana, Òmnium Cultural, Association of Municipalities for Independence, Procés Constituent, Catalunya Acció, Sobirania i Progrés, Committees for the Defense of the Republic, Negres Tempestes
- Trade unions: Intersindical-CSC, Coordinadora Obrera Sindical
- Youth advocacy groups: Arran, La Forja, Jovent Republicà, Joves d'Esquerra Verda, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Joventut Comunista de Catalunya
- Proposal state:
- People: Galicians
- Proposed state:
Galiza (possibly containing Galicia irredenta territories in Asturias and Castille and León), or unification with 
Portugal
- Political party: Galician Nationalist Bloc (Galician Nationalist Bloc) (souveranist) (EFA member), Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood (independentist, includes the Galician Popular Front), Compromiso por Galicia (centrist federalist), Terra Galega (Centrist autonomist), Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party), Abrente–Galician Democratic Left, Acción Galega, Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood, Assembleia da Mocidade Independentista
- Unions: Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG) and Central Unitaria de Traballadores (CUT)
- Youth advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, Xeira, BRIGA and Erguer-Estudantes da Galiza (students)
- Militant organisation: Resistência Galega
- Proposed state:
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
- People: Valencians – Catalanics (those with Catalan ancestry)
- Proposed state:
Valencian Country or unification with Catalan Countries
- Political parties: Valencian Nationalist Bloc, Initiative of the Valencian People, Popular Unity Candidates, Republican Left of the Valencian Country, Valencian State, Valencian Nationalist Left, Valencian Left
- political party (Pro Catalan):Popular Unity Candidacy
- Advocacy groups: Pro-Catalan Valencianists (who defend Pan-Catalanism and Fuster's theories) propose the creation of a Valencian State and some type of reconnection with the rest of Catalan-speaking areas. Only a minor tendency within anti-Catalan Valencianism (Blaverism) proposed independence of the Kingdom of Valencia from both Catalonia and Spain.[206][207]
- Youth advocacy groups: Arran
- Student movement: AGIR
- Proposed state:
- ethnic group: Aragonese people
- Proposed state:
Aragon
- political parties (regionalist and Nationalist): Chunta Aragonesista, Puyalón de Cuchas, Aragonese Party, Estado Aragonés
- political parties (separatist): Puyalón de Cuchas, A Enrestida, Aragonese Workers' Union
- coalition: Bloque Independentista de Cuchas
- movement: Independentismo aragonés
- Proposed state:
- ethnic group: Catalan people
- proposed: Independence for the
Balearic Islands or unification with the other Catalan countries
- political parties: Balearic Anticolonialist Group, Esquerra Republicana de les Illes Balears
- political party (pro catalan):Popular Unity Candidacy
- political parties (regionalist): People's Party of the Balearic Islands
- proposed: Independence for the
- ethnic group: Andalusian people
- proposed state:
Andalusia
- political parties (regionalist): Adelante Andalucía (2021)
- political party (separatist): Andalusian Nation
- political party (self governing): Unitarian Candidacy of Workers
- proposed state:
- ethnic group: Asturians
- proposed state:
Asturias
- political party (autonomist): Asturias Forum
- political party (nationalist): Andecha Astur, Asturian Left, Compromisu por Asturies, Conceyu Abiertu, Partíu Asturianista, Unidá, Bloc for Asturias, Conceyu Abiertu
- political party (regionalist):Asturian Renewal Union
- proposed state:
- Autonomist movements
- Proposed: extended autonomy for
Cartagena within Murcia
- Political party: Movimiento Ciudadano de Cartagena
- People: Leonese
- Proposed autonomous area:
Leonese region
- Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés UPL
- Youth movements: RUCHAR Mocedá Llionesa[212]
- Proposed autonomous area:
- proposed: Breaking the Province of Granada from Andalusia as a separate autonomous community
- political party: Juntos por Granada[214]
Sweden
- People: Swedes
- Proposed State:
.svg.png.webp)
Scania - Political Party: Scania Party
- Proposed State:
Switzerland
The seven Jura districts in Switzerland
The French-speaking part of Switzerland is shown in green on this map
- Autonomist movements
Jura region
- People: Jurassien (French-speaking)
- Proposed autonomous area: unification of the three districts of Bernese Jura and the Laufen District with the Canton of Jura
- Militant organisations: Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement),[215] Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)[216]
- Proposed autonomous area: unification of the three districts of Bernese Jura and the Laufen District with the
Ukraine
Autonomous Republic of Crimea and 
Sevastopol
- People: Russians in Ukraine
- De facto entity: Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol within the Russian Federation[217]
- Political organisation: State Council of Crimea, Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol
- De facto entity:
- People: Crimean Tatars
- Proposed:
Crimean Tatar autonomy or independence[218] within unitary 
Ukraine[219]
- Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People
- Proposed:
Donetsk Oblast, 
Luhansk Oblast
- People: Russians in Ukraine
- De facto entity:
Donetsk People's Republic, 
Luhansk People's Republic (Annexed by Russia in 2022)
- Political organisations: People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic, People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic
- paramilitary organisation: Russian people's militias in Ukraine
- De facto entity:
Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, .svg.png.webp){kind=small}
Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, 
Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast[220]
- People: Russians in Ukraine
- De facto states: Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast
- Proposed: unification with Russia[221]
- Political organisations: Volodymyr Saldo Bloc, Derzhava, Opposition Bloc
- Military organisation: Russian Ground Forces
- Proposed: unification with
- De facto states:
Carpathian Ruthenia[222][223][224][225]
- People: Russians in Ukraine, Hungarians in Ukraine,
Rusyns[226]
- Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary Ukraine or unification with Hungary[227][228]
- Political organisations: "Subcarpathian republican party", "Volodymyr Saldo Bloc", "Derzhava", "World Congress of Rusyns[229]", "Opposition Bloc", "Russkiy dom", "Subcarpathian Ruthenia movement" "Russkiy Mir Foundation", "Association of Zakarpattia democrats", and other pro-Russian organizations.[230][231][232][233][234][235] "Rusyn separatist movement" led by the Orthodox priest Dimitry Sydor (now Archbishop of Uzhorod, in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)) [236][237][238][239]
- Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary
United Kingdom
Countries of the United Kingdom
Map of current local administrative units in the United Kingdom
The Kingdom of the Isles about the year 1100
- Major movements
- People: English
- Proposed state:
England
- Political parties: English Democrats,[240] English Constitution Party[241][242]
- Proposed state:
- People: Irish, Northern Irish (Nationalists)
- Proposed state: Re-unification with
Ireland or independence[243][244]
- Political parties: Sinn Féin,[245] Fianna Fáil, Éirígí, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Aontú,[246][247] People Before Profit, Communist Party of Ireland, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Republican Network for Unity, Socialist Workers Network, Workers' Party of Ireland
- Militant organisations: RIRA, CIRA[248]
- Proposed state: Re-unification with
- People: Scots
- Proposed state:
Scotland
- Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member), Scottish Greens, Scottish Socialist Party, Alba, Red Party of Scotland,[249] Scotland's Independence Referendum Party,[250] Independence for Scotland Party, Scottish Libertarian Party
- Advocacy groups: Yes Scotland (defunct), Scottish Independence Convention (Common Weal, People's Voice, Scottish CND, Voice for Scotland, Women for Independence), Labour for Independence, Siol nan Gaidheal
- Proposed state:
- People: Welsh
- Proposed state:
Wales
- Political parties: Gwlad, Plaid Cymru, Propel, Plaid Glyndŵr, Wales Green Party
- Advocacy groups: YesCymru
- Proposed state:
- Minor movements
- People: Cornish
- Proposed state:
Cornwall
- Advocacy groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
- Political parties: Mebyon Kernow, Cornish Nationalist Party
- Proposed state:
- People: Northerners
- Proposed state:
Northumbria or greater autonomy within the UK.
- Advocacy group: Campaign for the North (Devo-Max)[252][253]
- Political parties: Northern Independence Party[254][255][256]
- Proposed state:
- People: Midlanders
- Proposed state:
.svg.png.webp)
Mercia
- Advocacy groups: Acting Witan of Mercia, Sovereign Mercia
- Proposed state:
- Autonomist movements
- People: Canvey Islanders
- Proposed autonomous area: Canvey Island
- Political Parties: Canvey Island Independent Party[261][262][263]
- Proposed autonomous area: Canvey Island
- People: English
- Proposed autonomous area: England
- Political parties: English Democrats,[264] UKIP[265]
- Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: Scots
- Proposed autonomous area: Scotland
- Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member)[266]
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: Welsh
- Proposed autonomous area: Wales
- Political parties: Plaid Cymru, Independent Alliance for Reform
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: Welsh
- Proposed autonomous area: Cynon Valley
- Political parties: The Cynon Valley Party
- Proposed autonomous area: Cynon Valley
- People: Welsh
- Proposed autonomous area:
Gwynedd
- Political parties: Llais Gwynedd
- Proposed autonomous area:
Cornwall (possibly including the Isles of Scilly)
- People: Cornish
- Proposed autonomous area: Cornwall
- Political parties: Green Party of England and Wales,[267] Mebyon Kernow (EFA member), Cornish Nationalist Party, Liberal Democrats[268][269]
- Advocacy groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Wessex Constitutional Convention[270]
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: People from the Isle of Wight (Vectians)
- Proposed autonomous area:
Isle of Wight
- Political parties: Vectis National Party
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: People of Shetland
- Proposed autonomous area:
Shetland
- Advocacy group: Wir Shetland
- Political Parties: Shetland Movement, Orkney and Shetland Movement, Scottish Green Party[271]
- Proposed autonomous area:
- People: People of Yorkshire
- People: People of North East England
- Proposed autonomous area: North East England
- Political parties: North East Party[278]
- Proposed autonomous area: North East England
- People: People of Wessex
- Proposed: autonomy for Wessex
- Political party: Wessex Regionalists
- Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention[279][280][281][282]
- Proposed: autonomy for Wessex
- People: Orkney islanders
- Proposed: Autonomy within the UK[283] or self governance under Norway[284][285]
- Advocacy group: Orkney Council
- Political Parties: Orkney and Shetland Movement
- Proposed: Autonomy within the UK[283] or self governance under Norway[284][285]
- Separatist movements of dependent territories
- Ethnic group: Gibraltarians
- Ethnic group: Manx people
- Proposed state:
Isle of Man
- Political party: Mec Vannin
- Proposed state:
See also
References
- ↑ "Separatism", Free Dictionary
- ↑ Merriam; Webster, "Separatism", Dictionary
- ↑ "Separatism", The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English, Encyclopedia, 2008
- ↑ Harris, Jerry (2009). The Nation in the Global Era Conflict and Transformation. Brill. p. 320. ISBN 978-90-04-17690-4.
- ↑ "UNPO: Talysh". unpo.org. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ↑ "Azerbaijan authorities must release Talysh activists | Amnesty International". 9 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ Regering in ballingschap ondersteunt strijd in Azerbeidzjan. // Vluchtelingen Dag krant. — Netherlands, 20.06.2019. — P. 4.
- ↑ Demirdjian, Z. S. Andrew (25 May 2021). "Lezgistan: Lurking threat to Azerbaijan". Keghart. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ↑ "Lezgin Leader Assassinated in Dagestan". Jamestown. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
- ↑ Times, The Brussels. "Bart De Wever wants more autonomy in Flanders". www.brusselstimes.com.
- ↑ Times, The Brussels. "Walloons are for greater autonomy, but against separation". www.brusselstimes.com.
- 1 2 Times, The Brussels. "Nearly 40% of Flemish would vote for independence". www.brusselstimes.com.
- ↑ Times, The Brussels. "Reunify Flanders and the Netherlands, argues Bart De Wever". www.brusselstimes.com. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ Tom van Grieken over het herenigen van De Nederlanden, retrieved 15 June 2023
- ↑ "What if Wallonia became French in 2024?". Le Monde.fr. 10 May 2022.
- ↑ Kwast, Ricus van der (18 May 2023). "Le Wallon peut-il être heureux sans identité propre?". Slate.fr (in French). Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ Srna (11 August 2015). "Anketa: Više od polovine ispitanika za samostalnost RS, vole Dodika, a vjeruju crkvi". Nezavisne novine (in Serbian). Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ Service, RFE/RL's Balkan. "Dodik Says He Wants Bosnian Serb Entity To 'Unite' With Serbia". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ Armed Peacekeepers in Bosnia. Diane. 2004. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-4289-1020-1.
- ↑ Zdeb, Aleksandra (2016). "The Need to Have Something 'Of Their Own': Croat Parallel Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina". Swiss Political Science Review. 22 (4): 545–564. doi:10.1111/spsr.12231.
- ↑ Rose, Eleanor (30 January 2017). "Bosniaks Slap Down Calls for Bosnian Croat Entity". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ "Istarska autonomija i zagrebački 'histerični centralizam'".
- ↑ Šoštarić, Tomislav. "Istarska autonomija i zagrebački 'histerični centralizam'". balkans.aljazeera.net.
- ↑ Boban Valečić, Iva (27 October 2017). "Autonomija Istre kakvu zaziva Jakovčić je neustavna". Večernji list (in Croatian).
- ↑ "IDS-ov zastupnik Emil Daus: AUTONOMIJA ISTRE RIJEŠILA BI VEĆINU PROBLEMA NAŠIH GRAĐANA!". Glas Istre (in Croatian). 23 September 2019.
- ↑ "Ankara slams Turkish Cypriot leader for remarks, Akıncı backs his words - Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. 10 February 2020.
- ↑ "Türkiye halkına göre Kıbrıs sorunun çözümü: "KKTC'nin Türkiye'ye bağlanması"". Kıbrıs Postası. 17 June 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ↑ "Erdogan visits Northern Cyprus, calls for two-state solution for island". Reuters. 15 November 2020.
- ↑ "In Moravia, Bohemians are warned to Czech their privilege". euronews. 2 February 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- 1 2 Henley, Jon; Sheehy, Finbarr; Swann, Glenn; Fenn, Chris. "Beyond Catalonia: pro-independence movements in Europe". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ "From the Czech Republic to 'Czechia': Shaping Modern Identity | European Futures". www.europeanfutures.ed.ac.uk. 26 April 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ "The Faroe Islands: Independence dreams, globalist separatism and the Europeanization of postcolonial home rule".
- ↑ Sorens, Jason (13 February 2012). Secessionism: Identity, Interest, and Strategy. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. ISBN 978-0-7735-8751-9.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Beyond Catalonia: pro-independence movements in Europe". TheGuardian.com.
- ↑ Gråsten, Hanna (12 June 2018). "Ahvenanmaan itsenäisyyttä ajavan puolueen johtaja: Suomesta tulossa yhä enemmän yksikielinen: 'Pienillä askelilla ruotsi suljetaan pois'". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- 1 2 Zubiaga, M. et al.: Towards a Basque State. Nation-building and institutions, Bilbo: UEU, 2012 ISBN 978-84-8438-421-2.
- ↑ Mateos, T. et al.: Towards a Basque State. Citizenship and culture, Bilbo: UEU, 2012 ISBN 978-84-8438-422-9.
- ↑ Antiguedad, I. et al.: Towards a Basque State. Territory and socioeconomics, Bilbo: UEU, 2012 ISBN 978-84-8438-423-6.
- ↑ Haute, Emilie van; Close, Caroline (12 February 2019). Liberal Parties in Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-24549-4.
- ↑ "Current Campaigns". Celtic League. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
- 1 2 "Territoriales : les résultats définitifs du second tour". France 3 Corse ViaStella (in French). 13 December 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ↑ Sabéran, Haydée (7 July 2008). "Le collège change de nom, le principal est menacé par les extrémistes flamands". Libération.
- ↑ "Société : Alors que la Catalogne s'embrase, la Flandre française s'interroge sur elle-même - Flandre Presse". 8 May 2020. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "Indépendance de la Catalogne: que sait-on sur le Front de libération nationale de Provence?". Nice-Matin (in French). 27 October 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ mars 2022, Provenco 26 (3 December 2020). "Prouvènço Nacioun ou le rêve d'une Provence autonome". Buzzles (in French). Retrieved 17 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Catalunya del Nord". locals.esquerra.cat. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ↑ "El nou partit 'Oui au Pays Catalan' opta pel regionalisme i la renúncia a la llengua catalana". VilaWeb (in Catalan). Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ↑ "Catalunya Nord per la independència". Assemblea Nacional Catalana (in Catalan). Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ↑ "Catalunya Nord". Òmnium Cultural (in Catalan). Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ↑ "Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana". joventrepublica.cat. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 "Ieri a Torino indipendentisti italiani e francesi han manifestato per un moderno stato di Savoia – Corsica Oggi" (in Italian). 12 September 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- ↑ "Pourquoi un État Pied Noir - Fédération des Deux Rives, Etat Pied NoirFédération des Deux Rives, Etat Pied Noir | La Paix pour seul combat Albert Camus". 5 March 2021. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "Et voici le gouvernement pied-noir en exil". L'Express (in French). 2 February 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "France : Le Chef de l'Etat Pied-Noir écrit au Président de la République française". www.infosplusgabon.com. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "Les Territoires - Fédération des Deux Rives, Etat Pied NoirFédération des Deux Rives, Etat Pied Noir". 11 July 2021. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "Alsace poll: 68% demand 'independence' from Grand Est, seek to regain separate region". Nationalia (in Catalan). 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ↑ "Alsace fights back: a French David vs. Goliath story". openDemocracy. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- 1 2 "Fighting for Brittany: autonomy in a centralised state". openDemocracy. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ↑ "Grande Normandie : pour Didier Patte, président du Mouvement Normand, " tout commence maintenant "". www.lecourriercauchois.fr. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "Didier Patte, fondateur du Mouvement normand, s'en est allé". www.breizh-info.com (in French). 6 February 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "Cross flags in Normandy (France)". www.fotw.info. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "UNPO: Savoy". unpo.org. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "UNPO: Savoy's Long-Ignored Struggle for Self-Determination Finally Makes the Headlines, But at What Cost?". unpo.org. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "UNPO: Brittany and Savoy: French Minority Groups Claim Rights at 9th OHCHR Forum on Minority Issues". unpo.org. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ Zappi, Timothée (20 May 2022). "Législatives dans les Landes : le Partit occitan investit trois candidats" (in French). ISSN 1760-6454. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ Vaiani, Mauro (2 April 2023). "Assemblada Occitana Valadas". Autonomie e Ambiente (in Italian). Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ cuneocronaca. "Assemblada Occitana Valades: "L'orgoglio per la nostra terra con le bandiere dai balconi"- Cuneocronaca.it". www.cuneocronaca.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ↑ "60 % des Francs-Comtois souhaitent que la Franche-Comté se sépare de la Bourgogne (sondage Opinion Way) • macommune.info". www.macommune.info.
- ↑ "RÉGIONALES : Le Mouvement Franche-Comté demande aux Républicains et au Rassemblement National de mettre dans leurs programmes un référendum de sécession avec la Bourgogne".
- ↑ "Abkhazia profile". BBC News. 13 January 2020.
- ↑ "South Ossetia profile". BBC News. 21 April 2016.
- ↑ "Georgia's South Ossetia plans to take steps to join Russia". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ↑ Узел, Кавказский. "Gagloev: not right time for referendum on joining Russia". Caucasian Knot. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ↑ Fuller, Liz (30 May 2016). "South Ossetia Postpones Referendum On Accession To Russian Federation". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ↑ "President: South Ossetia plans to hold referendum on becoming part of Russia before August". TASS. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ↑ Aghalaryan, Kristine (April 2011). "Javakhk – Autonomy Is the Only Solution". Hetq Online. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
- ↑ "Civil Georgia | Russia Claims Ethnic Armenians Demand Autonomy in Samtskhe-Javakheti". civil.ge.
- ↑ "Georgia: Javakheti Armenians' Call For Autonomy Has Tbilisi On Guard (Part 1)". www.rferl.org.
- ↑ Satzung der Bayernpartei, 30. October 2011, from: bayernpartei.de, 28 August 2018
- ↑ "Bundesländervergleich: Jeder dritte Bayer für Unabhängigkeit von Deutschland | YouGov". yougov.de (in German). Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ↑ "News Article". css.ethz.ch. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ↑ "Startseite". Freie Sachsen | Die politische Bewegung für Sachsen.
- ↑ haitblog (2 March 2022). ""Free Saxons" – A new far right (protest) party on the rise?". Denken ohne Geländer (in German). Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ↑ Lasch, Hendrik. "Unter dem Königswappen für den »Säxit«". nd-aktuell.de (in German). Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ↑ ""We want to have a self-determined, democratically legitimated Sorbian Parliament"". 26 June 2023.
- ↑ "Sorben und Wenden. Eine Minderheit gründet ein Parlament in der Lausitz". chrismon.evangelisch.de (in German). Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ↑ "Brandenburg: Sorben wählen ein eigenes Parlament". Der Tagesspiegel Online (in German). ISSN 1865-2263. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ↑ "The European Free Alliance gives green light to EU internal enlargement". Nationalia (in Catalan). 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ↑ Joseph. "The Languages of Separatists in Europe: Part 1". Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ↑ "Wha's Like Us: The independence movements of the Netherlands & Poland". The National. 28 August 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ↑ Przybilla, Olaf (17 May 2010). "Vorbild Schottland". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ↑ "Eine neue Partei fordert mehr Autonomie für die Region Franken. Auch wenn das Hunderte von Jahren dauern könnte".
- ↑ "Fier/ Çamët në protestë: Duam Republikën tonë". FaxWeb. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ↑ Darroch, Gordon (22 July 2019). "Murder inquiry after Albanian separatist politician found dead in Nijmegen". DutchNews.nl. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ↑ "UNPO: Chameria". unpo.org. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ↑ "Autonóm roma tartományt akar Észak-Magyarországon egy roma párt". 28 September 2017.
- ↑ "Cigány autonómia". 8 February 2020.
- ↑ "Gypsy territorial autonomy from our four counties?". 13 May 2019.
- ↑ "Dopo il Veneto prova anche il Friuli Il "referendum" degli indipendentisti". Corriere della Sera. 27 July 2014.
- 1 2 "I movimenti per l'autonomia e per l'indipendenza in FVG - Bora.La". 17 April 2013.
- ↑ "Two Italian regions vote overwhelmingly for greater autonomy". CNN. 21 October 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ↑ "Cos'è pro Lombardia". pro Lombardia Indipendenza.
- ↑ "Dal Pirellone alla Laguna: indipendentismo lombardo-veneto | The Fielder". 30 April 2018. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- 1 2 Balduzzi, Gianni (10 November 2014). "Sondaggi politici Demos, indipendenza regioni: quanti gli italiani favorevoli". Termometro Politico (in Italian). Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- 1 2 Maslova, Elena. "Analytics". Valdai Club. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ↑ "Milano, si è costituito ufficialmente "Grande Nord"". Affaritaliani.it (in Italian). 22 June 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ↑ "Southern Italy flag (unofficial)". www.crwflags.com.
- ↑ Paolo, Michele (5 February 2021). "Ask An Italian: Secessionist Movements In Italy". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ↑ "Great south to merge with Forza Italia. Freedom, justice and a better Italy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2013.
- 1 2 "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ↑ Strill.it (21 October 2019). "Regionali, il coordinatore di Lega Sud Ausonia Calabria lavora alla lista". strill.it (in Italian). Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ↑ Henley, Jon; Sheehy, Finbarr; Swann, Glenn; Fenn, Chris. "Beyond Catalonia: pro-independence movements in Europe". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ↑ "Siciliani Liberi" (in Italian). Siciliani Liberi. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
- ↑ ""Siciliani liberi", nasce nuovo movimento indipendentista". Giornale di Sicilia (in Italian). 4 January 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ↑ "Fronte Nazionale Siciliano" (in Italian). Retrieved 25 February 2017 – via Facebook.
- ↑ "Sicilia Nazione" (in Italian). Sicilia Nazione. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
- ↑ "Vlaskamp van Loo Attorneys". msln.org. Archived from the original on 9 February 2005.
- ↑ "South Tyrol: from secessionist to European dreams". openDemocracy.
- ↑ "South Tyrol heading to unofficial independence referendum in autumn". Nationalia (in Catalan). 7 August 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ↑ "PIEMONTE-SAVOIA, STATO INDIPENDENTE NELL'EUROPA CRISTIANA – Gioventura Piemontèisa". web.archive.org. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ↑ Leonardo (18 September 2014). "Piemonte indipendente, anche noi vogliamo decidere democraticamente". Miglioverde (in Italian). Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ↑ "PIEMONTE-SAVOIA, STATO INDIPENDENTE NELL'EUROPA CRISTIANA – Gioventura Piemontèisa". web.archive.org. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ↑ Testi, Gabrielle (15 December 2019). "Tuscany joins the train of differentiated autonomy". Swiss Federalism. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ↑ "Nasce il Partito Indipendentista Toscano". www.quinewsvaldelsa.it (in Italian). Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ↑ "Toscana, gli indipendentisti che vogliono dire "addio" all'Italia (e votano M5S)". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 25 May 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ↑ James Masters; Valentina Di Donato (21 October 2017). "Two Italian regions vote overwhelmingly for greater autonomy". CNN. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
- ↑ "Italian forces arrest Veneto separatists over alleged plot to attack Venice". The Guardian. Associated Press. 2 April 2014. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
- ↑ Pol, R. (2 April 2014). "Indipendentisti, blitz all'alba: 24 arresti Sequestrato 'tanko', in manette Rocchetta". Corriere del Veneto (in Italian). Retrieved 9 July 2023.
- ↑ "CRV - "Maurizio Conte presenta la nuova denominazione del gruppo consiliare" - Press Release - Veneto". ANSA.it (in Italian). 28 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
- ↑ "The Italian city that wants a divorce". BBC News. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ↑ Burton, Tara Isabella (1 August 2016). "The Free State of Trieste". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ↑ "Shout-out for Trieste: James Joyce's Italian home". Independent.ie. 27 November 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ↑ "Uv appeals Aosta Valley people to defend autonomy from "continued agression" by the Italian state". Nationalia. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ↑ "Consultazioni governo- il calendario. Ecco cosa diranno i partiti al Colle. mattarella "portavoce esigenze dei cittadini"". fattoquotidiano. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ↑ "Union valdotaine, riunione autonomisti è "sfida del future"". ansa. 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ↑ "Will Scottish Independence Create a Bandwagon Effect?". 17 September 2014.
- ↑ Santonastaso, Timothy (7 October 2021). "Sardinian Nationalism Looks To Catalonia". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ↑ Davies, Lizzy (23 March 2014). "Italy's separatist spirit takes new shape as Sardinians push to become Swiss". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ↑ ""Sì alla Regione Romagna, No al bluff del Provincione"".
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- ↑ https://www.liberal.gi/
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- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/26/world/advocate-of-independence-wins-in-gibraltar.html
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External links
- "Manifest" (PDF), Politiskaprogram [Political program], AX: Ålands framtid, 2011, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2018, retrieved 21 June 2014.
- From Spain to Iraq, states have to see that suppressing secession won't work
- Disintegration of Britain and Spain both possible
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