Zunyi
遵义市
Tsunyi, Tsun-i
From top, left to right: Minzhu Road, Beijing Road, Zunyi Station, Fenghuangshan Square
Location of Zunyi City jurisdiction in Guizhou
Location of Zunyi City jurisdiction in Guizhou
Zunyi is located in Guizhou
Zunyi
Zunyi
Location of the city center in Guizhou
Zunyi is located in Southwest China
Zunyi
Zunyi
Zunyi (Southwest China)
Zunyi is located in China
Zunyi
Zunyi
Zunyi (China)
Coordinates (Huichuan Sports Park (汇川体育公园)): 27°42′48″N 106°55′12″E / 27.7134°N 106.9201°E / 27.7134; 106.9201
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGuizhou
Municipal seatHonghuagang District
Government
  Party SecretaryWei Shuwang[1]
  MayorHuang Wei[2]
Area
  Prefecture-level city30,763 km2 (11,878 sq mi)
  Urban
1,304 km2 (503 sq mi)
  Metro
1,304 km2 (503 sq mi)
Elevation
865 m (2,838 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
  Prefecture-level city6,606,675
  Density210/km2 (560/sq mi)
  Urban
2,360,549
  Urban density1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi)
  Metro
2,360,549
  Metro density1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
563000
Area code0851
ISO 3166 codeCN-GZ-03
Licence plate prefixes贵C
Websitewww.zunyi.gov.cn

Zunyi (simplified Chinese: 遵义; traditional Chinese: 遵義; pinyin: Zūnyì) is a prefecture-level city in northern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, situated between the provincial capital Guiyang to the south and Chongqing to the north, also bordering Sichuan to the northwest. Along with Guiyang and Liupanshui, it is one of the most important cities of the province. The metro area is made of three urban districts of the city, Huichuan, Honghuagang, and Bozhou, had a population of 2,360,549 people; and the whole prefecture, including 14 county-level administration area as a whole, had a population of 6,606,675 at the 2020 census.

Zunyi is known for being the location of the Zunyi Conference in 1935, where Mao Zedong was first elected to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party during the Long March.[4]

History

The World Heritage Site of Hailongtun fortress, the last rebel holdout during the Bozhou Rebellion in 1600.

The area of Zunyi was originally inhabited by the Tongzi people during the Paleolithic. Later, its territory was a part of several kingdoms. Zunyi was considered to be the center of the Yelang kingdom. The region around Zunyi first came under Chinese rule during Han dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. After the Han dynasty collapsed, the area remained under nominal Chinese control, but much of the administration was left to local, non-Han chiefs. In the 7th century CE, the area came under regular Chinese administration during the Tang dynasty, Zunyi was placed under the new Bo Prefecture (Bozhou).[5]

Towards the end of the Tang, Bozhou was conquered by the Nanzhao Kingdom. However, it soon gained independence as the Chiefdom of Bozhou in AD 876. The chiefdom became an autonomous prefecture of the Song and subsequent dynasties, while the ruling Yang family held power in Zunyi for more than seven centuries. Bozhou rebelled against the Ming dynasty in 1589, resisting the Ming for more than a decade before its eventual destruction in 1600. Subsequently, Zunyi Prefecture was established, with the present-day city of Zunyi becoming the prefectural seat.[6] Zunyi retained its status as a prefectural seat through the Qing dynasty. After the Xinhai Revolution, Zunyi was redesignated as a county in 1914.[4]

In 1935, the Zunyi Conference took place in the city, resulting in Mao Zedong becoming the de facto leader of the Chinese Communist Party.[4]

During the country's the First Five-Year Plan, Zunyi was redesignated as a city, and experienced considerable growth and transformation.[4]

Geography and climate

Zunyi is located in northern Guizhou at an elevation of 865 m (2,838 ft); it is situated in the transition from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan Basin and hill country of Hunan.

Zunyi has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), slightly modified by elevation. It has fairly mild winters and hot, humid summers; close to 60% of the year's 1,022 mm (40 in) of precipitation occurs from May to August. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 4.7 °C (40.5 °F) in January to 25.4 °C (77.7 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 15.8 °C (60.4 °F). Rain is common throughout the year, with 176 days annually precipitation, though it does not actually accumulate to much in winter, the cloudiest time of year; summer, in contrast, is the sunniest. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from around 9% in January and February to 42% in August, the city receives only 1,028 hours of bright sunshine annually; only a few locations in neighbouring Sichuan receive less sunshine on average.

Climate data for Zunyi (1991–2015 normals, extremes 1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 26.4
(79.5)
31.1
(88.0)
33.0
(91.4)
37.6
(99.7)
36.5
(97.7)
35.1
(95.2)
37.6
(99.7)
38.7
(101.7)
36.6
(97.9)
33.2
(91.8)
28.0
(82.4)
24.7
(76.5)
38.7
(101.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.5
(45.5)
10.6
(51.1)
15.5
(59.9)
21.1
(70.0)
24.8
(76.6)
27.1
(80.8)
30.1
(86.2)
30.3
(86.5)
26.7
(80.1)
20.2
(68.4)
15.7
(60.3)
9.9
(49.8)
20.0
(67.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5)
7.1
(44.8)
11.1
(52.0)
16.3
(61.3)
20.0
(68.0)
22.9
(73.2)
25.4
(77.7)
25.1
(77.2)
21.8
(71.2)
16.5
(61.7)
12.0
(53.6)
6.8
(44.2)
15.8
(60.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0)
4.9
(40.8)
8.2
(46.8)
13.0
(55.4)
16.6
(61.9)
19.8
(67.6)
22.0
(71.6)
21.4
(70.5)
18.4
(65.1)
14.1
(57.4)
9.6
(49.3)
4.7
(40.5)
13.0
(55.3)
Record low °C (°F) −7.1
(19.2)
−5.4
(22.3)
−3.2
(26.2)
1.6
(34.9)
7.5
(45.5)
10.9
(51.6)
13.7
(56.7)
14.7
(58.5)
9.4
(48.9)
3.8
(38.8)
−1.2
(29.8)
−5.5
(22.1)
−7.1
(19.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 24.8
(0.98)
22.6
(0.89)
39.0
(1.54)
78.0
(3.07)
132.5
(5.22)
204.1
(8.04)
168.4
(6.63)
109.1
(4.30)
77.3
(3.04)
100.4
(3.95)
41.1
(1.62)
24.7
(0.97)
1,022
(40.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 15.3 14.0 16.3 16.6 18.3 16.9 12.8 10.9 12.0 16.5 12.5 13.4 175.5
Average snowy days 5.9 2.5 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7 10.5
Average relative humidity (%) 80 78 77 76 76 79 75 73 74 80 80 79 77
Mean monthly sunshine hours 28.8 36.5 64.8 88.6 104.1 93.6 155.6 170.1 122.9 66.0 59.0 37.9 1,027.9
Percent possible sunshine 9 12 17 23 25 23 37 42 34 19 18 12 23
Source: China Meteorological Administration[7][8][9]

Administration

Map including Zunyi (labeled as TSUN-I (TSUNYI) (walled) 遵義) (AMS, 1954)
Administrative Map of Zunyi City
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Area[10]
(square kilometers)
Administrative Seat Postal Code
Zunyi City 遵义市Zūnyì Shì30780.73Huichuan District563000
Honghuagang District 红花岗区Hónghuāgǎng Qū705.49Zhongzhuang Subdistrict563000
Huichuan District 汇川区Huìchuān Qū611.23Dalianlu Subdistrict563000
Bozhou District 播州区Bōzhōu Qū4092.00Nanbai Subdistrict563100
Tongzi County 桐梓县Tóngzǐ Xiàn3193.54Loushanguan563200
Suiyang County 绥阳县Suīyáng Xiàn2544.52Yangchuan563300
Zheng'an County 正安县Zhèng'ān Xiàn2595.24Fengyi563400
Daozhen County 道真仡佬族
苗族自治县
Dàozhēn Gēlǎozú
Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn
2157.50Yuxi563500
Wuchuan County 务川仡佬族
苗族自治县
Wùchuān Gēlǎozú
Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn
2777.59Duru564300
Fenggang County 凤冈县Fènggāng Xiàn1885.43Longquan564200
Meitan County 湄潭县Méitán Xiàn1859.13Meijiang564100
Yuqing County 余庆县Yúqìng Xiàn1623.67Baini564400
Xishui County 习水县Xíshuǐ Xiàn3063.28Donghuang564600
Chishui City 赤水市Chìshuǐ Shì1882.57Shizhong Subdistrict564700
Renhuai City 仁怀市Rénhuái Shì1789.53Yanjin Subdistrict564500
Note: Honghuagang figures contain the San Po New Area under the jurisdiction of the town.

Ethnic groups

The 1999 Zunyi Prefecture Almanac lists the following ethnic groups.[11]

  • Gelao
  • Miao
    • m̥uŋ˥˧ sa˥ ("Blue-Skirted Miao"): most populous, found in western Zunyi Prefecture
    • m̥uŋ˥˧ la˥˧ ("Red-Skirted Miao"): central Zunyi Prefecture
    • m̥uŋ˥˧ tleu˥˧ ("White-Skirted Miao"): least populous, found in central Zunyi Prefecture
    • m̥uɑ˥˧ ʂuɑ˥ ("Chinese Miao"; clothing similar to that of the m̥uŋ˥˧ tleu˥˧): northwestern Zunyi Prefecture
  • Tujia
  • Buyi
  • Yi
  • Dong
  • Hui
  • Manchu

Transportation

A rapid transit system is in the planning stages for Zunyi.

Economy

Zunyi is the economic and commercial hub of the North Guizhou Province. In 2019, Zunyi's GDP was CN¥348.3 billion (US$53 billion).[12]

Culture

Being known as the "home of culture" of Guizhou province, Zunyi, or the North-Guizhou area, is the education and economic centre of the province.

Site of the Zunyi Conference

Museums & tourism

The Zunyi Conference Memorial Museum is located in Honghuagang District, and consists of several sites related to the historical Zunyi Conference.[13]

Institutions of higher learning

Zunyi is home to the Zunyi Medical College (ZMC), which was formerly the Dalian Medical College founded in 1947. The college was moved from Dalian to Zunyi and renamed to the Zunyi Medical College with the approval of the State Council in 1969.[14] Another college-level institution of in the city is the Zunyi Normal College (遵义师范学院).[15]

Food and liquor

The rice liquor Maotai is produced in the town of Maotai, known as the "national liquor of China."[16][17] Zunyi is home to much chili pepper cultivation, and red sorghum is also grown in Zunyi, a key ingredient for baijiu in China.[18]

References

  1. "贵州遵义市长魏树旺出任遵义市委书记_人事风向_澎湃新闻-The Paper". www.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  2. "黄伟 简历 - 人民网 地方领导资料库". ldzl.people.com.cn. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  3. "China: Guìzhōu (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Zunyi | China". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  5. Schmidt, Jerry D. (20 June 2013). The Poet Zheng Zhen (1806-1864) and the Rise of Chinese Modernity. BRILL. ISBN 9789004252295. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  6. "CHINA TODAY". www.chinatoday.com.cn. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  7. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  8. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  9. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集(1971-2000年). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  10. Zunyi City land use planning (2006-2020)
  11. 遵义地区志:民族志. 1999. p. 103.
  12. "HKTDC Research". research.hktdc.com.
  13. "Zunyi Conference Memorial Museum | govt.chinadaily.com.cn". govt.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  14. "An Introduction to Zunyi Medical College (ZMC )". 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07.
  15. "遵义师范学院" (in Chinese). Zync.edu.cn. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
  16. "Zunyi Travel Guide". Travel China Guide. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  17. "Collecting guide: Moutai — China's 'national liquor' | Christie's". www.christies.com. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  18. "Feature: Zunyi: hot chilies, red sorghum and Red Army - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

27°43′19″N 107°01′52″E / 27.722°N 107.031°E / 27.722; 107.031

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