众议院非美活动调查委员会
歷史
在1938年创立时也称作戴斯特别委员会,以监察美国纳粹地下活动。1945年3月,美国众议院以207票赞成、186票反对,将其改为常设委员会。該委員會負責调查与共产主义活动有关的嫌疑个人、公共雇员和组织,调查不忠与颠覆行为。
1947年12月17日,开始对联邦政府、武装部队和国防订货承包商实行“忠诚调查”。其调查对象的范围甚至扩大到总共有2,000多万美国人受到了不同程度的审查。
1953年4月,开始对美国的大使馆藏书目录进行清查,美國共產黨的威廉·福斯特、记者白劳德、史沫特莱等75位的书籍被列为禁书,甚至连著名历史学家小亞瑟·史列辛格和幽默作家马克·吐温的作品也被列入“危险书籍”之列。在此影响下,美国国内城市和学校的图书馆也纷纷查禁甚至焚毁“任何可疑的书籍和杂志”,据估计约200万册。
1969年,众议院将委员会更名为“众议院内部安全委员会”。
当众议院在1975年废除该委员会时[1],委员会的职能由众议院司法委员会接任。 委员会反共调查常常与美国参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡有关[2]。麦卡锡是参议员,并没有直接参与众议院委员会活动[3]。麦卡锡是政府行动委员会主席,也是其参议院调查常委主席,不是众议院的成員。
參考資料
- Frum, David. . New York, New York: Basic Books. 2000: 265. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
- For example, see Brown, Sarah. . BBC News. 2002-02-05 [2015-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09).
McCarthy's House Un-American Activities Committee
- Patrick Doherty, Thomas. Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture. 2003, page 15-6.
更多阅读
文档
- Investigation of un-American propaganda activities in the United States. Hearings before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives (1938-1944), Volumes 1-17 with Appendices. (页面存档备份,存于) University of Pennsylvania online gateway to Internet Archive and Hathi Trust.
- Schamel, Gharles E. Inventory of records of the Special Committee on Un-American activities, 1938-1944 (the Dies committee). Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.
- Schamel, Gharles E. Records of the House Un-American Activities committee, 1945-1969, renamed the House Internal Security committee, 1969-1976. Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.
- Ship, Reuben. . The Journal for MultiMedia History. 2000, 3 [2015-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-17).
图书
- Donner, Frank J. . Ballantine Books. 1967.
- Newton, Michael. . McFarland. 2010 [2015-03-14]. ISBN 978-0-7864-4653-7. (原始内容存档于2020-08-03).
- O'Reilly, Kenneth. . Temple University Press. 1983. ISBN 0-87722-301-7.
- U.S. 86th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, , 75 Stat. 965, House Document No. 336 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1959: 166 [6 October 2013], OCLC 630998985
- U.S. 87th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, , 75 Stat. 961, House Document No. 139 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1960: 408 [6 October 2013], OCLC 80262328
档案
- Bogart, Humphrey. . Photoplay. March 1948 [28 August 2013]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-24).
- "Operation Abolition", Time Magazine, March 17, 1961 (页面存档备份,存于)
- Seidel, Robert W. . Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences. 2001, 32 (1): 145–162. doi:10.1525/hsps.2001.32.1.145.
外部链接
- History.House.gov HUAC - permanent standing House Committee on Un-American Activities
- History.House.gov HUAC - 1948 Alger Hiss–Whittaker Chambers hearing before HUAC
- Un-American Activities Committee The Spartacus Educational website, UK
- House Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC) Collection: Pamphlets collected by HUAC, many of which the committee deemed "un-American." (4,000 pamphlets). From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress (页面存档备份,存于)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.