2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
January 23 to June 8, 2024
[lower-alpha 1]
Opinion polls
 
Nominee Joe Biden Dean Phillips Marianne Williamson
Home state Delaware Minnesota California
First place by first-instance vote
Previous Democratic nominee

Joe Biden


Presidential primaries and caucuses are being organized by the Democratic Party to select the delegates to the 2024 Democratic National Convention, to determine the party's nominee for president in the 2024 United States presidential election. The elections will take place in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad, and will be held between February and June that year.[1] Incumbent President Joe Biden is running for re-election with Vice President Kamala Harris as his running mate.[2] Biden maintains a significant lead in polls,[3] and no incumbent president in modern history has lost renomination.[4][5]

While Biden had repeatedly expressed his intent to run for re-election since 2021, there was speculation in the first two years of his presidency that he might not seek re-election due to his age and low approval ratings.[6][7] Former Democratic House representatives including Carolyn Maloney,[8] Joe Cunningham[9] and Tim Ryan[10] had publicly said Biden should not run. There had been speculation that Biden may face a primary challenge, especially from a member of the Democratic Party's progressive faction.[11][12] Three primary opponents have emerged; Marianne Williamson declared her candidacy in March 2023,[13] which was followed by anti-vaccine activist, environmental attorney, and conspiracy theorist Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[14] in April[15] and Representative Dean Phillips in October.[16] Kennedy withdrew from the Democratic primaries in October 2023 to run as an independent candidate.[17]

After Democrats outperformed expectations in the 2022 midterm elections, many believed the chances that Biden would run for and win his party's nomination had increased.[18] On April 25, 2023, Biden announced via a video that he would be running for re-election.[19]

Results

Candidates

As of January 2024, more than 180 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to run for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2024.[20] In previous cycles, the majority of these candidates did not appear on any ballots, raise money, or otherwise attempt to formally run a campaign.[20][21]

Declared major candidates

Declared major candidates for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date		 Ref

Joe Biden		 November 20, 1942
(age 81)
Scranton, Pennsylvania		 President of the United States
(2021–present)
Vice President of the United States
(2009–2017)
U.S. Senator from Delaware
(1973–2009)
Delaware
Campaign
April 25, 2023
FEC filing[22]
Website		 [23]

Dean Phillips		 January 20, 1969
(age 54)
Saint Paul, Minnesota		 U.S. Representative from MN-03
(2019–present)
CEO of Phillips Distilling Company
(2000–2012)
Minnesota
Campaign

October 26, 2023
FEC filing[24]
Website

 [25]

Marianne Williamson		 July 8, 1952
(age 71)
Houston, Texas		 Author
Founder of Project Angel Food
Candidate for President in 2020
California
Campaign

March 4, 2023
FEC filing[26]
Website

 [13]

Withdrew before the primaries

Withdrawn major candidates for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced		 Campaign
suspended		 Campaign Ref.

Robert F.
Kennedy Jr.		 January 17, 1954
(age 69)
Washington, D.C.		 Environmental lawyer
Founder of Children's Health Defense
Founder of Waterkeeper Alliance		  California April 19, 2023 October 9, 2023
(running as an independent)
Campaign
FEC filing[27][28]
Website		 [29][30]

Vice presidential speculation

Kamala Harris, incumbent vice president

On January 19, 2022, President Biden confirmed that Vice President Kamala Harris will be his running mate in his 2024 re-election campaign.[31]

Some Democrats expressed skepticism about Biden choosing Harris again as his running mate, as she has also seen similar low approval ratings to Biden. In January 2023, U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren said in a radio interview that she supported Biden's reelection bid, but stopped short of supporting Harris.[32] She later clarified her position, saying she supported the Biden–Harris ticket.[33]

Primaries and caucus calendar

The following primary and caucus dates have been scheduled by state statutes or state party decisions, but are subject to change pending legislation, state party delegate selection plans, or the decisions of state secretaries of state: [34]

Ballot access

The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states. Yes indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest, Dropped indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and No indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.

Ballot access in the 2024 Democratic presidential nominating contests
Contest Date Biden Phillips Williamson Others Ref
New Hampshire[lower-alpha 4] Jan 23 Write-in Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 1] [37]
South Carolina[lower-alpha 5] Feb 3 Yes Yes Yes No [38]
Nevada Feb 6 Yes No Yes Yes[upper-alpha 2] [39]
Michigan Feb 27 Yes Yes Yes No [40]
Alabama Mar 5 Yes Yes No No [41]
Arkansas Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 3] [42][43]
California Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 4] [44]
Colorado Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 5] [45]
Iowa[lower-alpha 6] Yes Yes Yes No [46]
Maine Yes Yes No No [47]
Massachusetts Yes Yes Yes No [48]
Minnesota Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 6] [49]
North Carolina Yes No No No [50]
Oklahoma Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 7] [51]
Tennessee Yes No No No [52]
Texas Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 8] [53]
Utah Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 9] [54]
Vermont Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 10] [55]
Virginia Yes Yes Yes No [56]
Democrats Abroad Mar 12 Yes Yes Yes No [57]
Georgia Yes Yes Yes No [58]
Washington Yes Yes Yes No [59]
Arizona Mar 19 Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 11] [60]
Florida[lower-alpha 5] Yes No No No [61]
Illinois Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 12] [62]
Ohio Yes Yes No No [63]
Louisiana Mar 23 Yes Yes Yes Yes[upper-alpha 13] [64]
Kentucky May 21 Yes Yes Yes No [65]
Total possible delegates TBD

Timeline

Overview

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaignDean Phillips 2024 presidential campaignMarianne Williamson 2024 presidential campaignJoe Biden 2024 presidential campaign
Active campaign Exploratory committee Democratic National Convention
Withdrawn candidate Primaries

Early developments

Biden declared his intent in January 2022 to run for re-election, keeping Kamala Harris as his running mate.[2] On September 15, he told Scott Pelley in a CBS 60 Minutes interview that he had not yet committed to run.[66] In a private conversation with civil-rights activist Al Sharpton on October 3, he reportedly told Sharpton that he was seeking re-election.[67] On October 11, he told Jake Tapper in an interview on CNN that he would decide whether or not to seek re-election after the 2022 midterm elections.[68]

Throughout 2022, several prominent Democrats publicly urged Biden not to run for a second term. On June 23, shortly after winning the Democratic nomination in the South Carolina gubernatorial race, former U.S. Representative Joe Cunningham told CNN that he believed Biden would be too old by the end of his second term and should not run in 2024. CNN pointed out that Biden had endorsed Cunningham in his 2018 and 2020 campaigns.[9] In July, U.S. Representative Dean Phillips of Minnesota said he believed that Democrats should nominate someone from a younger generation in 2024, and fellow Minnesota Representative Angie Craig agreed with him the following week.[10] On August 1, then-U.S. Representative Carolyn Maloney told The New York Times that she thought Biden should not run in 2024 and that she believed he would not run. She later apologized and said that he should run again, though she reiterated her belief that he would not.[8] In September, U.S. Representative and Ohio U.S. Senate nominee Tim Ryan similarly called for a "generational move" away from Biden during an interview with a local TV station; Forbes Magazine noted that Biden, who had endorsed Ryan, headlined a rally with him just hours after the interview aired.[10]

Format changes

Democrats in Idaho, who held caucuses in 2012 and 2016 but switched to a firehouse primary by mail for the 2020 election, will switch back to in-person caucuses due to the abolition of the presidential primary by the Idaho Legislature in 2023.[69] Similarly, the abolition of the state-run presidential primary in Missouri in 2022 caused Democrats in Missouri to switch to a closed, ranked-choice firehouse presidential primary for 2024.[70]

Controversies

Primary schedule

President Biden sent a letter on December 1, 2022, to the Democratic National Committee (DNC), requesting that diversity should be emphasized in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries. On February 4, 2023, the DNC formally approved the new 2024 primary calendar, moving South Carolina to hold its race first on February 3, followed by Nevada and New Hampshire on February 6. One member of the Rules and Bylaws Committee who supported this new plan, Lee Saunders, further said it will give a better representation of the composition of the country.[71] Members of the Iowa Democratic Party and the New Hampshire Democratic Party opposed the move, since they would no longer be the first two states to hold their races.[72] The move was also criticized by some progressives, who argued that the move was intended to benefit more moderate candidates.[73][74] On October 6, the DNC and the Iowa Democratic Party reached a compromise in which the in-person caucuses could still be held in January, but delegate-determining mail-in voting would be held through Super Tuesday, March 5.[75] The DNC and the New Hampshire Democratic Party did not reach a compromise. In October 2023, the manager for the Biden campaign, Julie Chávez Rodriguez, confirmed in a letter to the chair of the New Hampshire Democratic Party Raymond Buckley that Biden would not appear on the primary ballot in order to comply with the DNC's calendar.[76] Pro-Biden New Hampshire Democrats, including Kathy Sullivan (the former chairwoman of the state Democratic party) and former Representatives Paul Hodes and Carol Shea-Porter, launched a formal write-in campaign on October 30.[77]

Ballot access denials

In Florida, North Carolina, and Tennessee, only President Biden will appear on the primary ballot, partially due to decisions by the state Democratic parties in those states.[78][79] The Philips and Williamson campaigns criticized the decisions as undemocratic.[80][81]

Debates and forums

On December 6, 2023, TYT Network hosted a forum featuring primary candidates Williamson, Phillips and Uygur. Biden was invited but declined to attend. The candidates responded to the GOP debate being held in Tuscaloosa, which was scheduled to end at the same time. The discussion was moderated by John Iadarola, the main host of The Damage Report on the same network.[82]

On January 8, 2024, Williamson and Phillips participated in a debate hosted by New England College in Manchester, New Hampshire.[83] To qualify, candidates needed to be registered on the New Hampshire primary ballot and poll at more than five percent.[84] The debate was broadcast on satellite radio by Sirius XM[85] and was moderated by Josh McElveen, who was the former political director of WMUR.[86]

On January 12, 2024, NewsNation hosted a second forum featuring Williamson, Phillips and Uygur. Biden was invited but did not attend. The discussion was moderated by Dan Abrams.[87]

On January 18, 2024, Free & Equal Elections Foundation is scheduled to host a debate at Chelsea Television Studios in New York City, New York.[88] Biden, Phillips, Williamson, Uygur, Gabriel Cornejo, Stephen Lyons, Jason Palmer, and Frank Lozada were invited. As of January 7, no major candidate has confirmed their participation.[89]

Another debate is scheduled to be held by the foundation on January 29.[89]

Endorsements

Joe Biden
Main article: List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements
Dean Phillips
State representatives
Notable individuals
Marianne Williamson
State senators
State representatives
Local officials
Notable individuals

Opinion polling

Aggregate polls of declared candidates in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Source of poll aggregation Dates administered Dates updated Joe Biden Dean Phillips Marianne Williamson Other/undecided[lower-alpha 8] Margin
270 to Win December 12, 2023 – January 5, 2024 January 12, 2024 70.4% 3.6% 8.2% 17.8% 62.2%
FiveThirtyEight through January 5, 2024 January 12, 2024 69.8% 3.5% 6.1% 20.6% 63.7%
Race to the WH through December 26, 2023 January 5, 2024 68.5% – 7.3% 24.2% 61.2%
Real Clear Polling November 10, 2023 – January 5, 2024 January 10, 2024 69.8% 3.2% 7.9% 19.1% 61.9%
Average 69.6% 3.4% 7.4% 19.6% 62.2%

Campaign finance

This is an overview of the money used by each campaign as it is reported to the Federal Election Commission (FEC). Totals raised include individual contributions, loans from the candidate, and transfers from other campaign committees. Individual contributions are itemized (catalogued) by the FEC when the total value of contributions by an individual comes to more than $200. The last column, Cash On Hand, shows the remaining cash each campaign had available for its future spending as of September 30, 2023. Campaign finance reports for the fourth quarter of 2023 will become available on January 15, 2024.[109]

This table does not include contributions made to Super PACs or party committees supporting the candidate. Each value is rounded up to the nearest dollar.

  Candidate who withdrew prior to September 30
  Candidate who withdrew following September 30
Overview of campaign financing for candidates in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries through September 30, 2023
Candidate Total raised Total raised
since last quarter		 Individual contributions Debt Spent Spent since
last quarter		 Cash on hand
Total Unitemized Pct
Biden[110] $72,838,281 $24,785,201 $15,237,941 $9,061,416 59.5% $0 $73,094,919 $12,730,208 $32,180,366[lower-alpha 9]
Williamson[111] $2,515,539 $821,832 $2,277,201 $1,191,053 52.3% $347,490 $2,414,193 $825,656 $101,167
Kennedy[112] $15,078,528 $8,713,134 $15,052,084 $5,072,721 33.7% $0 $8,906,488 $7,060,571 $6,172,041

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 2,271 of 4,540 delegates needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention lasting more than a single round of balloting. As of January 2024, the number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,770 pledged delegates), is expected to be 744, but the exact number of superdelegates is still subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate. 1,895 delegates needed to win on the first ballot.
  2. ↑ New Hampshire's delegates will not be awarded through this unofficial primary.[35] The early date violates the DNC-approved calendar, which confirmed South Carolina as the first primary state.[36]
  3. ↑ The state party only nominated Joe Biden as a candidate, cancelling the primary.
  4. ↑ This primary has not been officially sanctioned by the DNC.
  5. 1 2 There is an ongoing lawsuit to add additional candidates to this primary ballot.
  6. ↑ Iowa is holding an all mail-in caucus due to DNC rules. Mail-in voting occurs from January 12 to March 5.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Uygur is not eligible to be President under the natural-born citizen clause of the United States Constitution.
  8. ↑ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
  9. ↑ Biden's principal campaign committee, Biden for President, was also used for his earlier 2020 presidential campaign. Some of these figures, therefore, include money left over from that previous candidacy.
  1. ↑ "President" R. Boddie, Terrisa Bukovinac, Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Mark Stewart Greenstein, Tom Koos, Paul V. LaCava, Star Locke, Frankie Lozada, Stephen P. Lyons, Raymond Michael Moroz, Derek Nadeau, Jason Michael Palmer, Mando Perez-Serrato, Donald Picard, Paperboy Love Prince, Richard Rist, Vermin Supreme, John Vail
  2. ↑ Gabriel Cornejo, Superpayaseria Crystalroc, Brent Foutz, John Haywood, Stephen Alan Leon, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Jason Michael Palmer, Armando Perez-Serrato, Donald Picard, Mark R. Prascak
  3. ↑ Frank Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Armando Perez-Serrato
  4. ↑ "President" R. Boddie, Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Stephen P. Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Mark R. Prascak
  5. ↑ Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Stephen P. Lyons, Jason Michael Palmer, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato
  6. ↑ Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Jason Palmer, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[lower-alpha 7]
  7. ↑ Stephen Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[lower-alpha 7]
  8. ↑ Gabriel A. Cornejo, Edward Kimbrough, Robert Star Locke, Frankie Lozada, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato
  9. ↑ Gabriel Cornejo, Frank Lozada
  10. ↑ Mark Stewart Greenstein, Jason Michael Palmer, Cenk Uygur[lower-alpha 7]
  11. ↑ Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Jason Palmer
  12. ↑ Frankie Lozada
  13. ↑ "Bob" Ely, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[lower-alpha 7]

References

  1. ↑ Democratic National Committee Rules and Bylaws Committee (April 13, 2022). "Resolution on the Principles and Framework of a Transparent and Fair Review of the Presidential Nominating Calendar" (PDF). democrats.org. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  2. 1 2 Gittleson, Ben; Nagle, Molly (April 25, 2023). "Joe Biden announces he is running for president again, setting up possible Trump rematch". ABC News. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  3. ↑ "Real Clear Politics". Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  4. ↑ Dorn, Andrew (June 27, 2023). "Has an incumbent president ever lost to a primary challenger?". NewsNation. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Could Trump Lose the Republican Nomination? Here's the History of Primary Challenges to Incumbent Presidents". Time. October 10, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  6. ↑ Gangitano, Alex (November 18, 2021). "Harris says 2024 is 'absolutely not' being discussed yet with Biden". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  7. ↑ Gittleson, Ben (December 22, 2021). "Biden tells ABC's David Muir 'yes' he'll run again, Trump rematch would 'increase the prospect'". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  8. 1 2 "Rep. Carolyn Maloney says "off the record," Biden is "not running again"". CBS News. August 15, 2022. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  9. 1 2 Vakil, Caroline (June 23, 2022). "SC Democratic governor candidate says Biden shouldn't run in 2024 due to age". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 Reimann, Nicholas. "Rep. Tim Ryan Suggests Biden Shouldn't Run In 2024—Joining These Other Democrats". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  11. ↑ Otterbein, Holly (January 1, 2022). "The left is already looking to 2024. Some want to see a Biden primary challenge". Politico. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  12. ↑ Dorman, John L. (January 2, 2022). "Former Sanders presidential campaign manager says Biden will have 'a progressive challenger' in 2024". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  13. 1 2 Weissert, Will (March 4, 2023). "Marianne Williamson opens long shot 2024 challenge to Biden". San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  14. ↑ Multiple sources:
  15. ↑ "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. launches long shot presidential bid as a Democrat". ABC News. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  16. ↑ Otterbein, Holly; Schneider, Elena (October 26, 2023). "Rep. Dean Phillips files paperwork for presidential bid against Biden". Politico. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  17. ↑ Swenson, Ali (October 9, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. will run for president as an independent and drop his Democratic primary bid". Associated Press. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  18. ↑ Enten, Harry (December 18, 2022). "How the midterms changed the 2024 primaries for Biden and Trump". CNN. Archived from the original on December 30, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  19. ↑ Doyle, Katherine; Alba, Monical (April 25, 2023). "Biden announces he is running for re-election, framing 2024 as a choice between 'more rights or fewer'". NBC News. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  20. 1 2 "Browse Candidates for president:Democratic Party". FEC.gov. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
  21. ↑ "Colorado Primary Results 2020 | Live Election Map". www.nbcnews.com. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  22. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 25, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  23. ↑ Gittleson, Ben; Nagle, Molly (April 25, 2023). "Joe Biden announces he is running for president again, setting up possible Trump rematch". ABC News. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  24. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. October 26, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  25. ↑ Lebowitz, Megan (October 26, 2023). "Democratic Rep. Dean Phillips launches a White House bid, challenging Biden". NBC News. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
  26. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. March 2, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  27. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 5, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
  28. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 6, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  29. ↑ Kelly Garrity (April 5, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. running for president in 2024". Politico. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
  30. ↑ Gibson, Brittany; Zhang, Andrew (October 9, 2023). "RFK Jr. announces he will run as an independent candidate". Politico. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  31. ↑ Rafford, Claire (January 19, 2022). "Biden commits to Harris as his running mate for 2024". POLITICO. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
  32. ↑ Lannan, Katie (January 27, 2023). "Warren stops short of backing Harris for VP in 2024". WGBH Boston. Archived from the original on February 25, 2023. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  33. ↑ Lannan, Katie (January 29, 2023). "Warren clarifies she's all in with Biden-Harris ticket for 2024". WGBH Boston. Archived from the original on February 25, 2023. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  34. ↑ "The Green Papers Presidential Primaries 2024 Democratic Pledged and Unpledged Delegate Summary". The Green Papers. November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  35. ↑ Kashinsky, Lisa (January 6, 2024). "DNC blasts NH Dems over 'meaningless' primary". Politico. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  36. ↑ Vakil, Caroline (February 4, 2023). "DNC approves adjusted early presidential primary schedule". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  37. ↑ "OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE - ELECTION DIVISION" (PDF). Retrieved December 3, 2023.
  38. ↑ "Official List of Candidates for 2024 South Carolina Democratic Party Presidential Primary". South Carolina Democratic Party. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  39. ↑ "2024 Presidential Preference Primary Candidates". Retrieved December 3, 2023.
  40. ↑ "2024 Michigan Candidate Listing". Michigan Secretary of State. December 20, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
  41. ↑ "2024 Qualified Candidates | Alabama Democrats". aldemocrats.org. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  42. ↑ "Seven candidates have filed to appear on Arkansas' Democratic presidential primary ballot – Ballotpedia News". November 16, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  43. ↑ "Arkansas rules online news personality Cenk Uygur won't qualify for Democratic presidential primary". AP News. December 5, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  44. ↑ "Notice to Candidates - US President" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  45. ↑ "News Release". Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  46. ↑ "Iowa Democrats vote to put Biden, Phillips, Williamson on caucus preference cards". Des Moines Register. December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
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  50. ↑ "North Carolina's 2024 presidential primary candidates approved". Carolina Journal -. December 26, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
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  62. ↑ "Candidate List, GENERAL PRIMARY - 3/19/2024". Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  63. ↑ "SECRETARY LAROSE ANNOUNCES CANDIDATES CERTIFIED FOR THE MARCH 19 PRIMARY". Ohio Secretary of State. January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  64. ↑ "Candidate Inquiry". voterportal.sos.la.gov. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
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  69. ↑ Corbin, Clark (October 16, 2023). "Idaho will have a presidential caucus in 2024 — not a primary. Here's how they differ". Idaho Capital Sun. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  70. ↑ Palermo, Gregg (August 31, 2023). "Missouri political parties scrambling due to primary election law change". Spectrum News. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  71. ↑ Chambers, Francesca (February 4, 2023). "Democrats approve 2024 primary calendar that demotes Iowa, boosts South Carolina". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  72. ↑ Shepherd, Brittany (February 4, 2023). "Democrats approve new primary calendar for 2024". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  73. ↑ Knotts, Gibbs; Ragusa, Jordan (February 7, 2023). "Why the Democrats moved South Carolina to the front of the 2024 primary calendar | Analysis". Pennsylvania Capital Star. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  74. ↑ Prokop, Andrew (December 2, 2022). "Joe Biden just threw the 2024 primary calendar into chaos". Vox. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  75. ↑ "DNC's new calendar, will release caucus results on Super Tuesday". Iowa Public Radio. October 6, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
  76. ↑ Schneider, Elena (October 24, 2023). "Biden won't appear on New Hampshire primary ballot". Politico. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  77. ↑ Kashinsky, Lisa (October 30, 2023). "Democrats launch write-in campaign for Biden in N.H." Politico. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  78. ↑ Weigel, David (December 7, 2023). "Biden primary foe Phillips will challenge states where he missed ballot". Semafor. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
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