Sir

David Attenborough

OM GCMG CH CVO CBE FRS FSA FRSA FLS FZS FRSGS FRSB
Attenborough at the opening of the Weston Library in 2015
Born
David Frederick Attenborough

(1926-05-08) 8 May 1926
Isleworth, Middlesex, England
Education
Occupations
Years active1951–present
Title
Spouse
Jane Ebsworth Oriel
​
​
(m. 1950; died 1997)​
Children2
Parent
Relatives
Awards
Signature

Sir David Frederick Attenborough (/ˈætənbərə/; born 8 May 1926) is a British broadcaster, biologist, natural historian and author. He is best known for writing and presenting, in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit, the nine natural history documentary series forming the Life collection, a comprehensive survey of animal and plant life on Earth.

Attenborough was a senior manager at the BBC, having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960s and 1970s. First becoming prominent as host of Zoo Quest in 1954, his filmography as writer, presenter and narrator has spanned eight decades; it includes Natural World, Wildlife on One, the Planet Earth franchise, The Blue Planet and its sequel. He is the only person to have won BAFTA Awards in black and white, colour, high-definition, 3D and 4K resolution. Over his life he has collected dozens of honorary degrees and awards, including three Emmy Awards for Outstanding Narration.

While Attenborough's earlier work focused primarily on the wonders of the natural world, his later work has been more vocal in support of environmental causes. He has advocated for restoring planetary biodiversity, limiting population growth, switching to renewable energy, mitigating climate change, reducing meat consumption, and setting aside more areas for natural preservation.

On his broadcasting and passion for nature, NPR stated he "roamed the globe and shared his discoveries and enthusiasms with his patented semi-whisper way of narrating".[2] He is widely considered a national treasure in the UK, although he himself does not embrace the term.[3][4][5] He is the younger brother of the director, producer and actor Richard Attenborough,[6] and older brother of the motor executive John Attenborough.[7]

Life and family

David Frederick Attenborough was born on 8 May 1926 in Isleworth, Middlesex,[8][9] and grew up in College House on the campus of the University of Leicester, where his father, Frederick, was principal.[10] He is the middle of three sons; his elder brother, Richard (died in 2014), became an actor and director, and his younger brother, John (died in 2012), was an executive at the Italian car manufacturer Alfa Romeo.[7] During the Second World War, through a British volunteer network known as the Refugee Children's Movement, his parents also fostered two Jewish refugee girls from Germany.[11]

Attenborough spent his childhood collecting fossils, stones, and natural specimens.[12] He received encouragement when a young Jacquetta Hawkes admired his collection.[13] He spent much time in the grounds of the university. Aged around 11, he heard that the zoology department needed a large supply of newts, which he offered through his father to supply for 3d each. The source, which he did not reveal at the time, was a pond right next to the department.[14] A year later, his adoptive sister Marianne gave him a piece of amber containing prehistoric creatures; some sixty years later, it would be the focus of his programme The Amber Time Machine.[15]

In 1936, Attenborough and his brother Richard attended a lecture by Grey Owl (Archibald Belaney) at De Montfort Hall, Leicester, and were influenced by his advocacy of conservation. According to Richard, David was "bowled over by the man's determination to save the beaver, by his profound knowledge of the flora and fauna of the Canadian wilderness and by his warnings of ecological disaster should the delicate balance between them be destroyed. The idea that mankind was endangering nature by recklessly despoiling and plundering its riches was unheard of at the time, but it is one that has remained part of Dave's own credo to this day."[16] In 1999, Richard directed a biopic of Belaney entitled Grey Owl.[17]

Attenborough was educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys in Leicester.[18] He won a scholarship to Clare College, Cambridge in 1945 to study geology and zoology and obtained a degree in natural sciences.[19] In 1947, he was called up for national service in the Royal Navy and spent two years stationed in North Wales and the Firth of Forth.[13] In 1950, Attenborough married Jane Elizabeth Ebsworth Oriel. The couple had two children, Robert and Susan. Jane died in 1997.[20] Robert is a senior lecturer in bioanthropology for the School of Archaeology and Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra.[21][22] Susan is a former primary school headmistress.[18]

Attenborough had a pacemaker fitted in June 2013 as well as a double knee replacement in 2015.[23] In September 2013, he commented: "If I was earning my money by hewing coal I would be very glad indeed to stop. But I'm not. I'm swanning round the world looking at the most fabulously interesting things. Such good fortune."[24]

Career

Early years at the BBC

After leaving the navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company. He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.[25] Although he was rejected for this job, his CV later attracted the interest of Mary Adams, head of the Talks (factual broadcasting) department of the BBC's fledgling television service.[26] Attenborough, like most Britons at that time, did not own a television, and he had seen only one programme in his life.[27]

He accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course. In 1952 he joined the BBC full-time. Initially discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big,[25] he became a producer for the Talks department, which handled all non-fiction broadcasts. His early projects included the quiz show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? and Song Hunter, a series about folk music presented by Alan Lomax.[25]

Attenborough's association with natural history programmes began when he produced and presented the three-part series Animal Patterns. The studio-bound programme featured animals from London Zoo, with the naturalist Julian Huxley discussing their use of camouflage, aposematism and courtship displays. Through this programme, Attenborough met Jack Lester, the curator of the zoo's reptile house, and they decided to make a series about an animal-collecting expedition. The result was Zoo Quest, first broadcast in 1954, where Attenborough became the presenter at short notice due to Lester being taken ill.[28]

In 1957, the BBC Natural History Unit was formally established in Bristol. Attenborough was asked to join it, but declined, not wishing to move from London where he and his young family were settled. Instead, he formed his own department, the Travel and Exploration Unit,[29] which allowed him to continue to front Zoo Quest as well as produce other documentaries, notably the Travellers' Tales and Adventure series.[29] In the early 1960s, Attenborough resigned from the permanent staff of the BBC to study for a postgraduate degree in social anthropology at the London School of Economics, interweaving his study with further filming.[30] However, he accepted an invitation to return to the BBC as controller of BBC Two before he could finish the degree.[31]

BBC administration

Attenborough became Controller of BBC Two in March 1965, succeeding Michael Peacock.[32] He had a clause inserted in his contract that would allow him to continue making programmes on an occasional basis. Later the same year he filmed elephants in Tanzania, and in 1969 he made a three-part series on the cultural history of the Indonesian island of Bali. For the 1971 film A Blank on the Map, he joined the first Western expedition to a remote highland valley in New Guinea to seek out a lost tribe.[33]

BBC Two was launched in 1964, but had struggled to capture the public's imagination. When Attenborough arrived as controller, he quickly abolished the channel's quirky kangaroo mascot and shook up the schedule. With a mission to make BBC Two's output diverse and different from that offered by other networks, he began to establish a portfolio of programmes that defined the channel's identity for decades to come. Under his tenure, music, the arts, entertainment, archaeology, experimental comedy, travel, drama, sport, business, science and natural history all found a place in the weekly schedules. Often, an eclectic mix was offered within a single evening's viewing. Programmes he commissioned included Man Alive, Call My Bluff, Chronicle, Match of the Day, The Old Grey Whistle Test, Monty Python's Flying Circus and The Money Programme.[34] With the addition of colour television, Attenborough brought snooker to the BBC to show the benefits of the format, as the sport uses coloured balls.[35] The show – Pot Black – was later credited with the boom of the sport into the 1980s.[36]

One of his most significant decisions was to order a 13-part series on the history of Western art, to show off the quality of the new UHF colour television service that BBC Two offered. Broadcast to universal acclaim in 1969, Civilisation set the blueprint for landmark authored documentaries, which were informally known as "sledgehammer" projects.[37][38] Others followed, including Jacob Bronowski's The Ascent of Man (also commissioned by Attenborough), and Alistair Cooke's America. Attenborough thought that the story of evolution would be a natural subject for such a series. He shared his idea with Christopher Parsons, a producer at the Natural History Unit, who came up with a title Life on Earth and returned to Bristol to start planning the series. Attenborough harboured a strong desire to present the series himself, but this would not be possible so long as he remained in a management post.[39]

While in charge of BBC Two, Attenborough turned down Terry Wogan's job application to be a presenter on the channel, stating that there weren't any suitable vacancies. The channel already had an Irish announcer, with Attenborough reflecting in 2016: "To have had two Irishmen presenting on BBC Two would have looked ridiculous. This is no comment whatsoever on Terry Wogan's talents."[40] Attenborough has also acknowledged that he sanctioned the wiping of television output during this period to cut costs, including a series by Alan Bennett, which he later regretted.[41]

In 1969, Attenborough was promoted to director of programmes, making him responsible for the output of both BBC channels.[42] His tasks, which included agreeing budgets, attending board meetings and firing staff, were now far removed from the business of filming programmes. When Attenborough's name was being suggested as a candidate for the position of Director-General of the BBC in 1972, he phoned his brother Richard to confess that he had no appetite for the job. Early the following year, he left his post to return to full-time programme-making, leaving him free to write and present the planned natural history epic.[12]

After his resignation, Attenborough became a freelance broadcaster and started work on his next project, a trip to Indonesia with a crew from the Natural History Unit. It resulted in the 1973 series Eastwards with Attenborough, which was similar in tone to the earlier Zoo Quest; the main difference was the introduction of colour. Attenborough stated that he wanted to work in Asia, because previous nature documentaries had mostly focused on Africa.[43] That year, Attenborough was invited to deliver the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on The Language of Animals.[44] After his work on Eastwards with Attenborough, he began to work on the scripts for Life on Earth.[45]

Due to the scale of his ambition, the BBC decided to partner with an American network to secure the necessary funding. While the negotiations were proceeding, he worked on a number of other television projects. He presented a series on tribal art (The Tribal Eye, 1975) and another on the voyages of discovery (The Explorers, 1975).[45] He presented a BBC children's series about cryptozoology entitled Fabulous Animals (1975), which featured mythical creatures such as mermaids and unicorns.[46] Eventually, the BBC signed a co-production deal with Turner Broadcasting and Life on Earth moved into production in 1976.[47] In 1979, he visited China and reported to the West for the first time about China's one-child policy.[48]

Life series

Beginning with Life on Earth in 1979, Attenborough set about creating a body of work which became a benchmark of quality in wildlife film-making, and influenced a generation of documentary film-makers. The series established many of the hallmarks of the BBC's natural history output. By treating his subject seriously and researching the latest discoveries, Attenborough and his production team gained the trust of scientists, who responded by allowing him to feature their subjects in his programmes.[49]

Innovation was another factor in Life on Earth's success: new film-making techniques were devised to get the shots Attenborough wanted, with a focus on events and animals that were up till then unfilmed. International air travel enabled the series to be devised so that Attenborough visited several locations around the globe in each episode, sometimes even changing continents in one sequence. Although appearing as the on-screen presenter, he restricted his time on camera to give more time to his subjects.[50]

Five years after the success of Life on Earth, the BBC released The Living Planet.[51] This time, Attenborough built his series around the theme of ecology, the adaptations of living things to their environment. It was another critical and commercial success, generating huge international sales for the BBC. In 1990, The Trials of Life completed the original Life trilogy, looking at animal behaviour through the different stages of life.[52]

In the 1990s, Attenborough continued to use the "Life" title for a succession of authored documentaries. In 1993, he presented Life in the Freezer, the first television series to survey the natural history of Antarctica. Although past normal retirement age, he then embarked on a number of more specialised surveys of the natural world, beginning with plants. They proved a difficult subject for his producers, who had to deliver hours of television featuring what are essentially immobile objects. The result was The Private Life of Plants (1995), which showed plants as dynamic organisms by using time-lapse photography to speed up their growth, and went on to earn a Peabody Award.[53]

Prompted by an enthusiastic ornithologist at the BBC Natural History Unit, Attenborough then turned his attention to birds. As he was neither an birdwatcher nor a bird expert, he decided he was better qualified to make The Life of Birds (1998) on the theme of behaviour. The documentary series won a second Peabody Award the following year.[54] The order of the remaining "Life" series was dictated by developments in camera technology. For The Life of Mammals (2002), low-light and infrared cameras were deployed to reveal the behaviour of nocturnal mammals. The series contains a number of memorable two shots of Attenborough and his subjects, which included chimpanzees, a blue whale and a grizzly bear. Advances in macro photography made it possible to capture the natural behaviour of very small creatures for the first time, and in 2005, Life in the Undergrowth introduced audiences to the world of invertebrates.[55]

At this point, Attenborough realised that he had spent 20 years unconsciously assembling a collection of programmes on all the major groups of terrestrial animals and plants – only reptiles and amphibians were missing. When Life in Cold Blood was broadcast in 2008, he had the satisfaction of completing the set, brought together in a DVD encyclopaedia called Life on Land. He commented: "The evolutionary history is finished. The endeavour is complete. If you'd asked me 20 years ago whether we'd be attempting such a mammoth task, I'd have said 'Don't be ridiculous!' These programmes tell a particular story and I'm sure others will come along and tell it much better than I did, but I do hope that if people watch it in 50 years' time, it will still have something to say about the world we live in."[56]

However, in 2010 Attenborough asserted that his First Life – dealing with evolutionary history before Life on Earth – should be included within the "Life" series. In the documentary Attenborough's Journey, he stated, "This series, to a degree which I really didn't fully appreciate until I started working on it, really completes the set."[57]

Beyond Life on Earth

Attenborough filming commentary for a documentary at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, with a Space Shuttle in the background

Alongside the Life series, Attenborough continued to work on other television documentaries, mainly in the natural history genre. He wrote and presented a series on man's influence on the natural history of the Mediterranean Basin, The First Eden, in 1987. Two years later, he demonstrated his passion for fossils in Lost Worlds, Vanished Lives.[58] In 1990, he worked on the BBC's Prisoners of Conscience series where he highlighted the case of the Sudanese poet Mahjoub Sharif.[59]

Attenborough narrated every episode of Wildlife on One, a BBC One wildlife series that ran for 253 episodes between 1977 and 2005. At its peak, it drew a weekly audience of eight to ten million, and the 1987 episode "Meerkats United" was voted the best wildlife documentary of all time by BBC viewers.[60] He has narrated over 50 episodes of Natural World, BBC Two's flagship wildlife series. Its forerunner, The World About Us, was created by Attenborough in 1969, as a vehicle for colour television.[61] In 1997, he narrated the BBC Wildlife Specials, each focussing on a charismatic species, and screened to mark the Natural History Unit's 40th anniversary.[62]

As a writer and narrator, Attenborough continued to collaborate with the BBC Natural History Unit in the new millennium. Alastair Fothergill, a senior producer with whom Attenborough had worked on The Trials of Life and Life in the Freezer, was making The Blue Planet (2001), the Unit's first comprehensive series on marine life.[63] He decided not to use an on-screen presenter due to difficulties in speaking to a camera through diving apparatus, but asked Attenborough to narrate the films. The same team reunited for Planet Earth (2006), the biggest nature documentary ever made for television and the first BBC wildlife series to be shot in high definition.[64]

In 2009, Attenborough co-wrote and narrated Life, a ten-part series focussing on extraordinary animal behaviour,[65] and narrated Nature's Great Events, which showed how seasonal changes trigger major natural spectacles.[66] In January 2009, the BBC commissioned Attenborough to provide a series of 20 ten-minute monologues covering the history of nature. Entitled David Attenborough's Life Stories, they were broadcast on Radio 4 on Friday nights.[67]

In 2011, Fothergill gave Attenborough a more prominent role in Frozen Planet, a major series on the natural history of the polar regions; Attenborough appeared on screen and authored the final episode, in addition to performing voiceover duties. Attenborough introduced and narrated the Unit's first 4K production Life Story. For Planet Earth II (2016), Attenborough returned as narrator and presenter, with the main theme music composed by Hans Zimmer.[68][69]

Attenborough at a screening of Great Barrier Reef, 2015

In October 2014, the corporation announced a trio of new one-off Attenborough documentaries as part of a raft of new natural history programmes. "Attenborough's Paradise Birds" and "Attenborough's Big Birds" was shown on BBC Two and "Waking Giants", which follows the discovery of giant dinosaur bones in South America, aired on BBC One.[70] The BBC also commissioned Atlantic Productions to make a three-part, Attenborough-fronted series Great Barrier Reef in 2015. The series marked the 10th project for Attenborough and Atlantic, and saw him returning to a location he first filmed at in 1957.[71][72]

On radio, Attenborough has continued as one of the presenters of BBC Radio 4's Tweet of the Day, which began a second series in September 2014.[73] Attenborough forged a partnership with Sky, working on documentaries for the broadcaster's new 3D network, Sky 3D. Their first collaboration was Flying Monsters 3D, a film about pterosaurs which debuted on Christmas Day of 2010.[74] A second film, The Penguin King 3D, followed a year later. His next 3D project, Conquest of the Skies, made by the team behind the BAFTA award-winning David Attenborough's Natural History Museum Alive, aired on Sky 3D during Christmas 2014.[75]

Attenborough has narrated three series of David Attenborough's Natural Curiosities for UKTV channel Watch, with the third series showing in 2015. He has also narrated A majestic celebration: Wild Karnataka, India's first blue-chip natural history film, directed by Kalyan Varma and Amoghavarsha.[76] Blue Planet II was broadcast in 2017, with Attenborough returning as presenter.[77] The series was critically acclaimed and gained the highest UK viewing figure for 2017 of 14.1 million.[78][79] The series is thought to have triggered a long-lasting increase in public, media and political attention to plastic pollution.[80][81] Attenborough narrated the 2018 five-part series Dynasties, each episode dealing with one species in particular.[82][83] In 2021, he presented the three-part series Attenborough's Life in Colour,[84] and The Mating Game, a five-part series.[85]

Attenborough returned to prehistoric life with Dinosaurs: The Final Day and Prehistoric Planet aired in April and May 2022 respectively.

Environmentalist advocacy

By the turn of the millennium, Attenborough's authored documentaries were adopting a more overtly environmentalist stance. In State of the Planet (2000), he used the latest scientific evidence and interviews with leading scientists and conservationists to assess the impact of human activities on the natural world. He later turned to the issues of global warming (The Truth about Climate Change, 2006) and human population growth (How Many People Can Live on Planet Earth?, 2009). He contributed a programme which highlighted the plight of endangered species to the BBC's Saving Planet Earth project in 2007, the 50th anniversary of the Natural History Unit.[86][87]

In 2019, Attenborough narrated Our Planet, an eight-part documentary series, for Netflix.[88] In contrast to much of his prior work for the BBC, this series emphasised the destructive role of human activities throughout the series. Before, he would often note concerns in a final section of the work.[89] He also narrated Wild Karnataka, a documentary about the Karnataka forest area.[90] In 2019, Attenborough's one-off film documentary about climate change for BBC One called Climate Change – The Facts was aired; the tone of the documentary was significantly graver than previous work for the BBC.[91][92] This was followed by Extinction: The Facts, which is partly based on the 2019 IPBES report on the decline of biodiversity.[93][94]

In 2020, Attenborough narrated the documentary film David Attenborough: A Life on Our Planet. The film acts as Attenborough's witness statement, reflecting on his career as a naturalist and his hopes for the future.[95] It was released on Netflix on 4 October 2020.[96] Further work for Netflix includes the documentary titled Breaking Boundaries: The Science of Our Planet, released on 4 June 2021.[97] In October 2020, Attenborough began filming in Cambridge for The Green Planet.[98] In 2021, Attenborough narrated A Perfect Planet, a five-part earth science series for BBC One.[99]

Attenborough was a key figure in the build-up to the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), and gave a speech at the opening ceremony.[100] In his speech he stated that humans were "the greatest problem solvers to have ever existed on Earth" and spoke of his optimism for the future, finishing by saying "In my lifetime I've witnessed a terrible decline. In yours, you could and should witness a wonderful recovery."[101]

In 2022, the United Nations Environment Programme recognised Attenborough as a Champion of the Earth "for his dedication to research, documentation, and advocacy for the protection of nature and its restoration".[102][103]

Views and advocacy

Environment

Attenborough in 2003 at the launch of ARKive – a global initiative with the mission of "promoting the conservation of the world's threatened species, through the power of wildlife imagery".

Attenborough's programmes have often included references to the impact of human society on the natural world. The last episode of The Living Planet, for example, focuses almost entirely on humans' destruction of the environment and ways that it could be stopped or reversed. Despite this, he has been criticised for not giving enough prominence to environmental messages. In 2018 while promoting Dynasties, he said that repeated messages on threats to wildlife in programming could be a "turn-off" to viewers.[104]

Some environmentalists feel that programmes like Attenborough's give a false picture of idyllic wilderness and do not do enough to acknowledge that such areas are increasingly encroached upon by humans.[105][106][107][108] However, the increased urgency of environmental messaging in films such as Extinction: The Facts, which depicts the continuing sixth mass extinction,[109] Climate Change – The Facts and A Life on Our Planet from 2019 and 2020 received praise.[110][111][112][113] In Seven Worlds, One Planet, Attenborough discusses the devastating impact that deforestation is having on the planet and the species.[114]

In 2005 and 2006, Attenborough backed a BirdLife International project to stop the killing of albatross by longline fishing boats.[115] He gave support to WWF's campaign to have 220,000 square kilometres of Borneo's rainforest designated a protected area.[116] He serves as a vice-president of The Conservation Volunteers,[117] vice-president of Fauna and Flora International,[118] president of Butterfly Conservation[119] and president emeritus of Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust.[120]

In 2003, Attenborough launched an appeal on behalf of the World Land Trust to create a rainforest reserve in Ecuador in memory of Christopher Parsons, the producer of Life on Earth and a personal friend, who had died the previous year.[121] The same year, he helped to launch ARKive,[122] a global project instigated by Parsons to gather together natural history media into a digital library. ARKive is an initiative of Wildscreen, of which Attenborough is a patron.[123] He later became patron of the World Land Trust. In 2020, he backed a Fauna and Flora International campaign calling for a global moratorium on deep sea mining for its impact on marine life.[124]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Attenborough advocated on behalf of the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and its conservation efforts, which have been impacted by the economic fallout from the pandemic.[125] In 2020, Attenborough was named as a member of the Earthshot prize Council,[126] an initiative of Prince William to find solutions to environmental issues.[127][128] He is a patron of the Friends of Richmond Park and serves on the advisory board of BBC Wildlife magazine.[129]

Attenborough was initially skeptical about the human influence on climate change, and stated that a 2004 lecture finally convinced him humans were responsible. He remained silent on the issue until 2006.[130][131] Attenborough attended and spoke at COP26 as the "People's Advocate" for the event, and urged world leaders to act to reduce emissions.[132][133] He supported Glyndebourne in their successful application to obtain planning permission for a wind turbine in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and gave evidence at the planning inquiry arguing in favour of the proposal.[134] In his 2020 documentary film David Attenborough: A Life On Our Planet, Attenborough advocates for people to adopt a vegetarian diet or to reduce meat consumption to save wildlife, noting that "the planet can't support billions of meat-eaters."[135]

Human population

Attenborough has linked anthropogenic effects on the environment with human population growth.[136][137][138] He has attracted criticism for his views on human overpopulation[139] and human population control.[140] He is a patron of Population Matters,[141] a UK charity advocating for family planning, sustainable consumption and proposed sustainable human population.[142][143] In a 2013 interview with the Radio Times, Attenborough described humans as a "plague on the Earth",[144][145] and described the act of sending food to famine-stricken countries as "barmy" for population reasons.[140][146] He called for more debate about human population growth,[140] saying that since he "first started making programmes 60 years ago, the human population has tripled."[147]

According to Attenborough, improving women's rights around the world is an effective way "to limit our birth rate."[148] He said that "anyone who thinks that you can have infinite growth in a finite environment is either a madman or an economist."[148]

Religious views

Attenborough considers himself an agnostic.[149] When asked whether his observation of the natural world has given him faith in a creator, he generally responds with some version of this story, making reference to the Onchocerca volvulus parasitic worm:

My response is that when Creationists talk about God creating every individual species as a separate act, they always instance hummingbirds, or orchids, sunflowers and beautiful things. But I tend to think instead of a parasitic worm that is boring through the eye of a boy sitting on the bank of a river in West Africa, [a worm] that's going to make him blind. And [I ask them], 'Are you telling me that the God you believe in, who you also say is an all-merciful God, who cares for each one of us individually, are you saying that God created this worm that can live in no other way than in an innocent child's eyeball? Because that doesn't seem to me to coincide with a God who's full of mercy'.[150]

He has explained that he feels the evidence all over the planet clearly shows evolution to be the best way to explain the diversity of life, and that "as far as [he's] concerned, if there is a supreme being then he chose organic evolution as a way of bringing into existence the natural world". In a BBC Four interview with Mark Lawson, he was asked if he at any time had any religious faith. He replied simply, "no".[151] He said "It never really occurred to me to believe in God".[152]

In 2002, Attenborough joined an effort by leading clerics and scientists to oppose the inclusion of creationism in the curriculum of UK state-funded independent schools which receive private sponsorship, such as the Emmanuel Schools Foundation.[153] In 2009, he stated that the Book of Genesis, by saying that the world was there for people to control, had taught generations that they can "dominate" the environment, and that this has resulted in the devastation of vast areas of the environment. He further explained to the science journal Nature, "That's why Darwinism, and the fact of evolution, is of great importance, because it is that attitude which has led to the devastation of so much, and we are in the situation that we are in".[154]

Also in early 2009, the BBC broadcast an Attenborough one-hour special, Charles Darwin and the Tree of Life. In reference to the programme, Attenborough stated that "People write to me that evolution is only a theory. Well, it is not a theory. Evolution is as solid a historical fact as you could conceive. Evidence from every quarter. What is a theory is whether natural selection is the mechanism and the only mechanism. That is a theory. But the historical reality that dinosaurs led to birds and mammals produced whales, that's not theory."[155] He strongly opposes creationism and its offshoot "intelligent design", saying that the results of a survey that found a quarter of science teachers in state schools believe that creationism should be taught alongside evolution in science lessons was "really terrible".[155]

In March 2009, Attenborough appeared on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. Attenborough stated that he felt evolution did not rule out the existence of a God and accepted the title of agnostic saying, "My view is: I don't know one way or the other but I don't think that evolution is against a belief in God".[156]

Attenborough has joined the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins and other top scientists in signing a campaign statement co-ordinated by the British Humanist Association (BHA). The statement calls for "creationism to be banned from the school science curriculum and for evolution to be taught more widely in schools".[157]

BBC and public service broadcasting

Attenborough is a lifelong supporter of the BBC, public service broadcasting and the television licence. He has said that public service broadcasting "is one of the things that distinguishes this country and makes me want to live here",[158] and believes that it is not reducible to individual programmes, but "can only effectively operate as a network [...] that measures its success not only by its audience size but by the range of its schedule".[159]

... the BBC per minute in almost every category is as cheap as you can find anywhere in the world and produces the best quality. [...] The BBC has gone through swingeing staff cuts. It has been cut to the bone, if you divert licence fee money elsewhere, you cut quality and services. [...] There is a lot of people who want to see the BBC weakened. They talk of this terrible tax of the licence fee. Yet it is the best bargain that is going. Four radio channels and god knows how many TV channels. It is piffling.[158]

Attenborough expressed the view that there had often been people wanting to remove the BBC, adding "there's always been trouble about the licence and if you dropped your guard you could bet our bottom dollar there'd be plenty of people who'd want to take it away. The licence fee is the basis on which the BBC is based and if you destroy it, broadcasting... becomes a wasteland."[160] He expressed regret at some of the changes made to the BBC in the 1990s by its Director-General, John Birt, who introduced an internal market at the corporation, slimmed and closed some departments and outsourced much of the corporation's output to private production companies.[161]

Although he said Birt's policies had poor results, Attenborough also acknowledged "the BBC had to change."[161][162] In 2008, he criticised the BBC's television schedules, positing that the two senior networks, BBC One and BBC Two – which Attenborough stated were "first set up as a partnership" – now "schedule simultaneously programmes of identical character, thereby contradicting the very reason that the BBC was given a second network."[159]

Politics

In 1998, Attenborough described himself as "a standard, boring left-wing liberal" and expressed the view that the market economy was "misery".[161] In 2013, Attenborough joined the rock guitarists Brian May and Slash in opposing the government's policy on the cull of badgers in the UK by participating in a song dedicated to badgers.[163] Attenborough was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in the 2014 referendum on that issue.[164] Prior to the 2015 UK general election, Attenborough was one of several celebrities who endorsed the parliamentary candidacy of the Green Party's Caroline Lucas.[165]

In a 2020 interview, Attenborough criticised excess capitalism as a driver of ecological imbalance, stating "the excesses the capitalist system has brought us, have got to be curbed somehow", and that "greed does not actually lead to joy", although he added "That doesn't mean to say that capitalism is dead".[166] He also lamented the lack of international cooperation on climate change, and said "there should be no dominant nation on this planet."[167] In 2021, Attenborough told the leaders of the 47th G7 summit that "tackling climate change was now as much a political challenge as it was a scientific or technological one" and urged more action.[168] Attenborough also stated that "(we) are on the verge of destabilising the entire planet."[169]

In 2023, Attenborough was described by the New Statesman as a figure “invaluable to green diplomacy” in the UK, placing him number twenty-third in their list of Britain's most powerful left-wing figures, above many elected politicians.[170]

Achievements, awards and recognition

He roamed the globe and shared his discoveries and enthusiasms with his patented semi-whisper way of narrating. He talks like he's revealing secrets and draws you in using such simple language that he's instantly understood, making his sense of wonder infectious. And when he goes on site to share the screen with one of his subjects, it's magical.

—NPR review of Attenborough's Journey' Salutes The Broadcaster With A Passion For Nature.[2]

Attenborough's contribution to broadcasting and wildlife film-making has brought him international recognition. He has been called "the great communicator, the peerless educator"[171] and "the greatest broadcaster of our time."[155] His programmes are often cited as an example of what public service broadcasting should be, even by critics of the BBC, and have influenced a generation of wildlife film-makers.[172]

Honorary titles

By January 2013, Attenborough had collected 32 honorary degrees from British universities,[173] more than any other person.[174][175] In 1980, he was honoured by the Open University, with which he has had a close association throughout his career. He has honorary Doctor of Science degrees from Durham University (1982)[176] and the University of Cambridge (1984)[177] and honorary Doctor of Philosophy degrees from the University of Oxford (1988)[177] and the University of Ghent (1997).[178]

In 2006, the two eldest Attenborough brothers returned to their home city to receive the title of Distinguished Honorary Fellows of the University of Leicester, "in recognition of a record of continuing distinguished service to the University."[179] David Attenborough was previously awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by the university in 1970, and was made an honorary Freeman of the City of Leicester in 1990. In 2013, he was made an Honorary Freeman of the City of Bristol.[180] In 2010, he was awarded Honorary Doctorates from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and Nottingham Trent University.[181][182]

Attenborough has received the title Honorary Fellow from Clare College, Cambridge (1980),[183] the Zoological Society of London (1998),[184] the Linnean Society (1999),[185] the Institute of Biology (Now the Royal Society of Biology) (2000),[186] and the Society of Antiquaries (2007). He is Honorary Patron of the North American Native Plant Society[187] and was elected as a Corresponding Member of the Australian Academy of Science.[188]

Recognition

Attenborough has been featured as the subject of a number of BBC television programmes. Life on Air (2002) examined the legacy of his work, and Attenborough the Controller (2002) focused on his time in charge of BBC Two. He was also featured prominently in The Way We Went Wild (2004), a series about natural history television presenters, and 100 Years of Wildlife Films (2007), a programme marking the centenary of the nature documentary. In 2006, British television viewers were asked to vote for their Favourite Attenborough Moments for a UKTV poll to coincide with the broadcaster's 80th birthday. The winning clip showed Attenborough observing the mimicry skills of the superb lyrebird.[189]

Attenborough was named the most trusted celebrity in the UK in a 2006 Reader's Digest poll,[190] and in 2007 he won The Culture Show's Living Icon Award.[191] He has been named among the 100 Greatest Britons in a 2002 BBC poll and is one of the top ten "Heroes of Our Time" according to New Statesman magazine.[192] In September 2009, London's Natural History Museum opened the Attenborough Studio, part of its Darwin Centre development.[193]

In 2012, Attenborough was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork – the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover – to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life.[194] The same year, Attenborough featured in the BBC Radio 4 series The New Elizabethans to mark the diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. A panel of seven academics, journalists and historians named him among the group of people in the UK "whose actions during the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant impact on lives in these islands".[195]

A British polar research ship was named RRS Sir David Attenborough in his honour. While an Internet poll suggesting the name of the ship had the most votes for Boaty McBoatface, the science minister Jo Johnson said there were "more suitable names", and the official name was eventually picked up from one of the more favoured choices. However, one of its research sub-sea vehicles was named "Boaty" in recognition of the public vote.[196]

Species named after Attenborough

Trigonopterus attenboroughi

At least 20 species and genera, both living and extinct, have been named in Attenborough's honour.[197] Plants named after him include an alpine hawkweed (Hieracium attenboroughianum) discovered in the Brecon Beacons,[198] a species of Ecuadorian flowering tree (Blakea attenboroughi), one of the world's largest-pitchered carnivorous plants (Nepenthes attenboroughii), along with a genus of flowering plants (Sirdavidia).[199]

Several Arthropods are named after Attenborough including a butterfly, Attenborough's black-eyed satyr (Euptychia attenboroughi),[200] a dragonfly, Attenborough's pintail (Acisoma attenboroughi),[201] a millimetre-long goblin spider (Prethopalpus attenboroughi), an ornate Caribbean smiley-faced spider (Spintharus davidattenboroughi),[202][203] an Indonesian flightless weevil (Trigonopterus attenboroughi),[204][205] a Madagascan ghost shrimp (Ctenocheloides attenboroughi), and a soil snail (Palaina attenboroughi).[206]

The Monogenean Cichlidogyrus attenboroughi, a parasite from a deep-sea fish in the Lake Tanganyika, is probably the only parasite species named after him.[207] Vertebrates have also been named after Attenborough, including a Namibian lizard (Platysaurus attenboroughi),[208] a bird (Polioptila attenboroughi),[208] a Peruvian frog (Pristimantis attenboroughi),[209] a Madagascan stump-toed frog (Stumpffia davidattenboroughi),[210] and one of only four species of echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi).[211]

Sitana attenboroughii

In 1993, after discovering that the Mesozoic reptile Plesiosaurus conybeari did not belong to the genus Plesiosaurus, the palaeontologist Robert Bakker renamed the species Attenborosaurus conybeari.[212] A fossilised armoured fish discovered in Western Australia in 2008 was named Materpiscis attenboroughi, after Attenborough had filmed at the site and highlighted its scientific importance in Life on Earth.[213] In 2015, a species of tree from Gabon (in the Annonaceae family) Sirdavidia Couvreur & Sauquet was named with his title.[214]

The Materpiscis fossil is believed to be the earliest organism capable of internal fertilisation. A miniature marsupial lion, Microleo attenboroughi, was named in his honour in 2016.[215][216] The fossil grasshopper Electrotettix attenboroughi was named after Attenborough. In March 2017, a 430 million year old tiny crustacean was named after him. Called Cascolus ravitis, the first word is a Latin translation of the root meaning of "Attenborough", and the second is based on a description of him in Latin.[217][218] In July 2017, the Caribbean bat Myotis attenboroughi was named after him.[219] A new species of fan-throated lizard from coastal Kerala in southern India was named Sitana attenboroughii in his honour when it was described in 2018.[220]

In 2018, a new species of phytoplankton, Syracosphaera azureaplaneta, was named to honour The Blue Planet, the TV documentary presented by Attenborough, and to recognise his contribution to promoting understanding of the oceanic environment.[221] The same year, Attenborough was also commemorated in the name of the scarab beetle Sylvicanthon attenboroughi.[222] In 2021 an extinct species of horseshoe crab was named Attenborolimulus superspinosus.[223][224] In July 2022, a fossil of a 560-million-year-old creature named Auroralumina attenboroughii, which researchers believe to be the first animal predator, was named after Attenborough.[225] Attenborough is also recognised by Guinness World Records as having the longest career as a natural historian and presenter in television.[226]

Awards

Attenborough in 2018 receiving an honorary award for his sustainability work from Bergen Business Council and Fana Sparebank
award, Landscape architecture, sustainable, Landscape Architect, LI, Landscape Institute
Attenborough receiving the Landscape Institute Medal for Lifetime Achievement, and becoming an Honorary Fellow of the Landscape Institute in 2019
Year Award Refs.
1972Royal Geographical Society's Cherry Kearton Medal and Award[227]
1974Appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to nature conservation in the 1974 Birthday Honours[228]
1980BAFTA Fellowship[229]
1981Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science from UNESCO[230]
1983Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)[231]
1985Knight Bachelor in the 1985 Birthday Honours[232]
1991Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) for producing Queen Elizabeth II's Christmas broadcast for a number of years from 1986 in the 1991 Birthday Honours[233]
1991Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[234]
1992Elected Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Arts[235]
1996Kew International Medal[1]
1996Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) for services to nature broadcasting in the 1996 New Year Honours[236]
1998International Cosmos Prize[237]
2000RSPB Medal[238]
2003Michael Faraday Prize awarded by the Royal Society[239]
2004Descartes Prize for Outstanding Science Communication Actions[240]
2004Caird Medal of the National Maritime Museum[241]
2004José Vasconcelos World Award of Education awarded by the World Cultural Council[242]
2005Order of Merit (OM)[243]
2005Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest[244]
2006National Television Awards Special Recognition Award[245]
2006Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management[246]
2006The Culture Show British Icon Award[247]
2007British Naturalists' Association Peter Scott Memorial Award[248]
2007Fellowship of Society of Antiquaries[249]
2008The Royal Photographic Society Progress medal and Honorary Fellowship[250]
2009Prince of Asturias Award[251]
2010Fonseca Prize[252]
2010Queensland Museum Medal[253]
2011Society for the History of Natural History Founders' Medal[254]
2011Association for International Broadcasting International TV Personality of the year[255]
2012IUCN Phillips Memorial Medal for outstanding service in international conservation[256]
2015Individual Peabody Award[257]
2017Britain-Australia Society Award for outstanding contribution to strengthening British/Australian bilateral understanding and relations[258]
2017Honorary Member of the Moscow Society of Naturalists[259]
2017Gold Medal of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society[260]
2018Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator[261]
2018The Perfect World Foundation Award[262]
2019Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator[263]
2019Landscape Institute Medal for Lifetime Achievement[264]
2019Landscape Institute Honorary Fellow (HonFLI)[264]
2019Crystal Award at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland[265][266]
2019Indira Gandhi Peace Prize[267]
2019Chatham House Prize[268]
2020Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to television broadcasting and to conservation.[269][270]
2021Lifetime Achievement Award (Champions of the Earth)[271]
2022Champion of the Earth award from the United Nations Environment Programme.[102]
2022Lifetime Achievement Award at 43rd News and Documentary Emmy Awards[272]
2023UK's Favourite TV Presenter of All Time (Perspectus Global)[273]

As of 2014, he was the only person to have won BAFTA awards for programmes in black and white, colour, high-definition and 3D.[274]

Filmography

Attenborough's television credits span eight decades. His association with natural history programmes dates back to The Pattern of Animals and Zoo Quest in the early 1950s. His most influential work, 1979's Life on Earth, launched a strand of nine authored documentaries with the BBC Natural History Unit which shared the Life strand name and spanned 30 years.[275] He narrated the long-running BBC series Wildlife on One. In his later career, he provided narration for several high-profile BBC wildlife documentaries, among them The Blue Planet and Planet Earth. He became a pioneer in the 3D documentary format with Flying Monsters in 2010.[275]

Bibliography

David Attenborough's work as an author has strong parallels with his broadcasting career. In the 1950s and 1960s, his published work included accounts of his animal collecting expeditions around the world, which became the Zoo Quest series. He wrote an accompanying volume to each of his nine Life documentaries, along with books on tribal art and birds of paradise. His autobiography, Life on Air, was published in 2002, revised in 2009 and is one of a number of his works which is available as a self-narrated audiobook. Attenborough has contributed forewords and introductions to many other works, notably those accompanying Planet Earth, Frozen Planet, Africa and other BBC series he has narrated.[276][277]

References

  1. 1 2 "Ethiopia's Prof. Sebsebe Demissew awarded prestigious Kew International Medal". Kew.org. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  2. 1 2 "Attenborough's Journey' Salutes The Broadcaster With A Passion For Nature". NPR. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  3. ↑ Waldemayer, Winston (28 January 2009). "Short Sharp Science: Eye-burrowing worms, national treasures... and creationism". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  4. ↑ Kendall, Paul (31 January 2009). "Sir David Attenborough: 'Man was given permission to exploit the natural world by the Bible'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  5. ↑ "Margaret Thatcher, Richard Branson and Judi Dench picked as National Treasures". The Daily Telegraph. London. 18 September 2008. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  6. ↑ "Richard Attenborough's official website: Biography". Richardattenborough.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
  7. 1 2 Robinson, David (2 September 2014). "Remembering Richard Attenborough". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  8. ↑ Anon (2015). "Attenborough, Sir David (Frederick)". Who's Who (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.5973. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  9. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough (English broadcaster and author)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  10. ↑ "History of College House". Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 24 September 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  11. ↑ "The children Britain took to its heart". The Jewish Chronicle. 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  12. 1 2 "David Attenborough: A Life in Television". BAFTA Guru. 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  13. 1 2 "Sir David Attenborough – Naturalist". BBC. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  14. ↑ "Picture of the day: Leicester celebs, before they were famous". Leicester Mercury. 11 February 2014. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  15. ↑ "Jewel of the Earth". PBS. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  16. ↑ Robinson, David (2 September 2014). "Remembering Richard Attenborough". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  17. ↑ Attenborough, Richard (26 October 2000). "Animal Magic:Richard Attenborough on the Life and Times of Grey Owl". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  18. 1 2 Rebecca Tyrrel (29 October 2010). "David Attenborough: in the beginning". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  19. ↑ "Cover.Qxd" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
  20. ↑ Rushin, Tess (16 April 2018). "What you need to know about Sir David Attenborough". LeicestershireLive. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  21. ↑ "Dr Robert Attenborough". School of Archaeology & Anthropology – ANU. Arts.anu.edu.au. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  22. ↑ "Canberra has marvellous facilities". The Canberra Times. 26 May 2013. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  23. ↑ Murphy, Claire (6 November 2016). "Sir David Attenborough reveals he's got a 'new lease of life' at 90". The Mirror. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  24. ↑ Meikle, James (10 September 2013). "Sir David Attenborough warns against large families and predicts things will only get worse". The Guardian. The Guardian news group. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  25. 1 2 3 Life on Air, p.13.
  26. ↑ Fara, Patricia (2018). A Lab of One's Own: Science and Suffrage in the First World War. Oxford University Press. p. 266.
  27. ↑ Attenborough, David (2002). Life on Air. BBC Books. ISBN 978-0-563-53461-7. pp. 10–11.
  28. ↑ Walton, James (21 May 2016). "David Attenborough used to steal the animals he found in the jungle and take them home". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  29. 1 2 Life on Air, pp. 60–61.
  30. ↑ "Transcript of interview with David Attenborough" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
  31. ↑ "These 18 insanely successful people all went to the London School of Economics". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  32. ↑ "Mr. David Attenborough is New B.B.C.-2 Head". The Times. 5 March 1965. p. 6. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.(subscription required)
  33. ↑ "BBC Two – Attenborough's Passion Projects, A Blank on the Map, First contact with the Biami tribe in 1971". BBC. 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  34. ↑ "David Attenborough: a fine specimen". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  35. ↑ "History of Snooker". World Snooker. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  36. ↑ John Nauright (2012). Sports around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. ABC-CLIO. p. 191. ISBN 978-1598843019.
  37. ↑ "The real David Attenborough". The Guardian. 22 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  38. ↑ Hearn, Marcus (2005). Civilisation. London: BBC. p. 16. OCLC 778343652.
  39. ↑ "Chris Parsons". The Telegraph. 27 November 2002. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  40. ↑ Roper, Kerri-Ann (9 February 2016). "David Attenborough 'rebuffed' Terry Wogan's BBC presenter job application because they had an Irish announcer". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 10 February 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  41. ↑ Furness, Hannah (24 April 2014). "David Attenborough: my regrets over wiping Alan Bennett 'dross'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  42. ↑ "Nine astonishing ways David Attenborough shaped your world". BBC Teach. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  43. ↑ Gouyon, Jean-Baptiste (2019). BBC Wildlife Documentaries in the Age of Attenborough. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 201–212. ISBN 978-3-030-19981-4.
  44. ↑ "The languages of animals". The Royal Institution. December 1973. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  45. 1 2 "BFI Fil and TV Database Attenborough". Archived from the original on 17 January 2009.
  46. ↑ Gately, Martin (1 April 2006). "Fortean Times episode guide to Fabulous Animals". Forteantimes.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
  47. ↑ "Life On Earth". BBC. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  48. ↑ China's One Child Policy was a secret from the West. Then David Attenborough asked one question
  49. ↑ Attenborough, David (2002). Life on Air. BBC Books. ISBN 0-563-48780-1. pp. 289–291.
  50. ↑ Miles Barton (director), David Attenborough (presenter), Alastair Fothergill (executive producer) (2012). Attenborough: 60 Years in the Wild, Episode 1, Life on Camera (documentary). BBC.
  51. ↑ Gouyon 2019, p. 233.
  52. ↑ "The Trials of Life". Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  53. ↑ "Peabody Award Citation: The Private Life of Plants (1995)". Archived from the original on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  54. ↑ 59th Annual Peabody Awards Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, May 2000.
  55. ↑ "BBC Science & Nature – Life In The Undergrowth". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  56. ↑ Radio Times 26 Jan–1 February 2008: "The Last Word", interview with Jeremy Paxman
  57. ↑ Attenborough's Journey, BBC Two, 24 October 2010
  58. ↑ "Lost Worlds, Vanished Lives". Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via topdocumentaryfilms.com.
  59. ↑ "Solidarity and Return to Sender". Amnesty Magazine. 0264–3278 (151): 24. September–October 2008.
  60. ↑ "Meerkats United". WildFilmistory.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  61. ↑ Attenborough, David. ""Where the Wild Things Are" (Essay for BBC "Made in the Uk")" (PDF). BBC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  62. ↑ "Tribute to BBC Natural History Unit: Bristol's Natural Wonder". Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  63. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough to present Blue Planet II for BBC One". BBC. 20 February 2017. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  64. ↑ Slenske, Michael (18 March 2007). "Alastair Fothergill – Planet Earth – TV". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  65. ↑ Holmwood, Leigh (21 September 2007). "Attenborough is back – again". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  66. ↑ "Nature's Great Events press pack: introduction". BBC Press Office. 11 February 2009. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  67. ↑ Rollo, Sarah (30 January 2009). "Attenborough takes on Cooke's radio slot". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
  68. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough to present brand new landmark natural history series for BBC One". BBC. 22 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  69. ↑ "Planet Earth II – BBC One". BBC. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  70. ↑ "David Attenborough to examine ostriches and dinosaurs". BBC News. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  71. ↑ "David Attenborough to present new landmark series on the Great Barrier Reef for BBC One". BBC Media Centre. Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  72. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough heads back to Great Barrier Reef". Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  73. ↑ "Michael Palin to become Radio 4 Tweet of the Day presenter". Digital Spy. 23 June 2014. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  74. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough to front Sky 3D wildlife show". BBC News. 7 April 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  75. ↑ "David Attenborough to explore the evolution of flight in Conquest of the Skies 3D, a 3 part series for broadcast on Sky 3D and in 2D on Sky 1 this Xmas". Sky Media Centre. Archived from the original on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  76. ↑ "Majestic celebration: Wild Karnataka" Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. TheHindu.com. Retrieved 20 March 2019
  77. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough to present Blue Planet II for BBC One". BBC. 20 February 2017. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  78. ↑ "Radio Times top 40 TV shows of 2017". Radio Times. 29 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  79. ↑ Ruddick, Graham (6 November 2017). "Blue Planet II is year's most watched British TV show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  80. ↑ Males, Jennifer; Van Aelst, Peter (2 January 2021). "Did the Blue Planet set the Agenda for Plastic Pollution? An Explorative Study on the Influence of a Documentary on the Public, Media and Political Agendas". Environmental Communication. 15 (1): 40–54. Bibcode:2021Ecomm..15...40M. doi:10.1080/17524032.2020.1780458. hdl:10067/1703940151162165141. ISSN 1752-4032. S2CID 221492454. Archived from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  81. ↑ "Has Blue Planet II had an impact on plastic pollution?". BBC Science Focus Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  82. ↑ "BBC – Sir David Attenborough to present BBC One's Dynasty – Media Centre". BBC. Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  83. ↑ White, Peter (25 September 2018). "Sir David Attenborough's Wildlife Doc Series 'Dynasties' Goes Global Via BBC Studios". Deadline. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  84. ↑ "Attenborough's Life in Colour Season 1". Radio Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  85. ↑ "BBC One – The Mating Game". BBC. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  86. ↑ "IBC Honours BBC Natural History Unit For Contribution To Wildlife Film". 4rfv.co.uk. 21 September 2007. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009.
  87. ↑ "David Attenborough lays out 7 actions to save the world". MINDFOOD. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  88. ↑ Waterson, Jim (8 November 2018). "David Attenborough to present Netflix nature series Our Planet". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  89. ↑ Gouyon 2019, p. 247–251.
  90. ↑ Norbu Wangchuk, Rincehn (26 February 2019). "Exclusive: The Story Behind Wild Karnataka, India's First Blue Chip Natural History Film!". The Better India. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  91. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough to present climate change documentary". BBC News. 22 March 2019. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  92. ↑ "Climate Change: The Facts review – our greatest threat, laid bare". The Guardian. 18 April 2019. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  93. ↑ Vaughan, Adam (6 September 2020). "Extinction: The Facts – An Attenborough guide to nature's destruction". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  94. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough makes stark warning about species extinction" Archived 28 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine. BBC Science. Retrieved 14 October 2020
  95. ↑ Lowry, Brian (2 October 2020). "David Attenborough offers his 'witness statement,' and a warning, in 'A Life on Our Planet'". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  96. ↑ "David Attenborough: A Life on Our Planet | Netflix Official Site". www.netflix.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  97. ↑ "Breaking Boundaries: The Science of Our Planet release date – David Attenborough to narrate Netflix documentary". Radio Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  98. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough spotted filming in Cambridge for new series of The Green Planet" Archived 3 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Cambridge News. Retrieved 14 October 2020
  99. ↑ Marshall, Sarah (3 January 2021). "A Perfect Planet: Behind the scenes on David Attenborough's breathtaking new show". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  100. ↑ "Attenborough's full speech: 'Not fear, but hope'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  101. ↑ "COP26: David Attenborough says world is looking to leaders". BBC News. 1 November 2021. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  102. 1 2 "David Attenborough receives the UN's most distinguished environment award". UN Environment Programme. 21 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  103. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough named Champion of the Earth by UN". BBC News. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  104. ↑ "David Attenborough: too much alarmism on environment a turn-off". The Guardian. 4 November 2018. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  105. ↑ James Fair, "Small Things Bright and Beautiful", BBC Wildlife Magazine, November 2005, pp. 25–26.
  106. ↑ "Planet Earth II 'a disaster for world's wildlife' says rival nature producer". The Guardian. January 2017. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020.
  107. ↑ "David Attenborough has betrayed the living world he loves | George Monbiot". The Guardian. 7 November 2018. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  108. ↑ Jones, Julia P. G. (5 April 2019). "Our Planet is billed as an Attenborough documentary with a difference but it shies away from uncomfortable truths". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  109. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough makes stark warning about species extinction". BBC News. 12 September 2020. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  110. ↑ Jones, Julia P. G. (14 September 2020). "'Extinction: The Facts': Attenborough's new documentary is surprisingly radical". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  111. ↑ "David Attenborough: A Life on Our Planet review – stark climate emergency warning". The Guardian. 25 September 2020. Archived from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  112. ↑ "Attenborough to front climate-change film as BBC moves from teach to preach". The Guardian. 22 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  113. ↑ "David Attenborough climate change TV show a 'call to arms'". BBC News. 19 April 2019. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  114. ↑ "'Harrowing' and 'heartbreaking': Sir David Attenborough's new documentary shocks viewers". Stuff.co.nz. 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  115. ↑ "Personal plea by David Attenborough". savethealbatross.net. 27 January 2006. Archived from the original on 29 December 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2006.
  116. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough: Heart of Borneo is a global heritage". WWF-UK press release. Archived from the original on 9 September 2006.
  117. ↑ "Governance | TCV". The Conservation Volunteers. 20 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  118. ↑ "People | Fauna & Flora International". Fauna & Flora International. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  119. ↑ "Our President – Sir David Attenborough". butterfly-conservation.org. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  120. ↑ "News | Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust". www.lrwt.org.uk. 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  121. ↑ Farrows (25 May 2021). "Rainforest Saved in Memory of Christopher Parsons – World Land Trust". World Land Trust. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  122. ↑ Davies, Ashley (20 May 2003). "Arkive sets sail on the web". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  123. ↑ WildScreen Annual Review 2010 (PDF). Wildscreen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  124. ↑ "David Attenborough calls for ban on 'devastating' deep sea mining". The Guardian. 12 March 2020. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  125. ↑ "Attenborough warns London Zoo risks 'extinction'". BBC News. 9 July 2020. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  126. ↑ "AKDN partners with Prince William in Earthshot prize". The East African. 27 October 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  127. ↑ "Sh7bn environment 'Nobel' prize launched". Nation. 9 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  128. ↑ "AKDN launches Earthshot Prize in partnership with Prince William". Business Standard. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  129. ↑ Christine Fleming (3 April 2011). "Sir David Attenborough steps up as Friends of Richmond Park marks golden anniversary". This is Local London (Newsquest). Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  130. ↑ Attenborough, David (24 May 2006). "Climate change is the major challenge facing the world". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.
  131. ↑ Hickman, Leo (13 August 2018). "The 2004 lecture that finally convinced David Attenborough about global warming". Carbon Brief. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  132. ↑ "The Latest: Attenborough: Earth's stable climate is breaking". AP NEWS. 1 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  133. ↑ "David Attenborough says Britain has 'moral responsibility' to 'act now' on climate". The Independent. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  134. ↑ Gammel, Caroline (11 July 2018). "'Giant' wind turbine for Glyndebourne". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  135. ↑ Dalton, Jane (26 August 2020). "Go vegetarian to save wildlife and the planet, Sir David Attenborough urges". The Independent. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  136. ↑ "David Attenborough warns 'human beings have overrun the world' in new film". inews.co.uk. 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  137. ↑ sophie-morris (14 January 2020). "Chris Packham thinks we might need a one-child policy to save the world". inews.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  138. ↑ claire-schofield (21 January 2020). "Chris Packham: 7.7 Billion People and Counting: when the documentary is on TV". inews.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  139. ↑ Manavis, Sarah (3 November 2020). "David Attenborough's claim that humans have overrun the planet is his most popular comment". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021. A new study shows that Attenborough's unverified claims regarding overpopulation dominate social media discourse
  140. 1 2 3 Tran, Mark (18 September 2013). "David Attenborough: Trying to tackle famine with bags of flour is 'barmy'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  141. ↑ Vidal, John (14 April 2009). "Attenborough becomes patron for Optimum Population Trust". The Guardian. The Guardian, UK broadsheet newspaper. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  142. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough warns against large families and predicts things will only get worse". The Guardian. 10 September 2021. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  143. ↑ "Attenborough is new OPT patron". populationmatters.org. Population Matters, UK Charity. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  144. ↑ "David Attenborough: "Humans are a plague on the Earth"". Radio Times. 22 January 2013. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  145. ↑ Gray, Louise (22 January 2013). "David Attenborough – Humans are plague on Earth". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  146. ↑ "David Attenborough says sending food to famine-ridden countries is 'barmy'". The Independent. The Independent, newsgroup. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  147. ↑ "Is population growth out of control?". BBC News. 29 September 2013. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  148. 1 2 Cardwell, Mark Riley (16 October 2013). "David Attenborough: someone who believes in infinite growth is 'either a madman or an economist'". Mongabay. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  149. ↑ Interview with Simon Mayo, BBC Radio Five Live, 2 December 2005 Archived 1 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  150. ↑ David Attenborough, 2003. "Wild, wild life Archived 11 December 2003 at the Wayback Machine." The Sydney Morning Herald, 25 March. Attenborough has also told this story in numerous other interviews.
  151. ↑ BBC Today programme, 31 January 2009
  152. ↑ Walker, Tim (26 January 2009). "Sir David Attenborough questioned on faith, naturally". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  153. ↑ Butt, Riazat (27 January 2009). "Attenborough reveals creationist hate mail for not crediting God". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
  154. ↑ Rutherford, A. (2009). "Q&A: Building on paradise". Nature. 457 (7232): 967. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..967R. doi:10.1038/457967a. PMID 19225509.
  155. 1 2 3 Whitworth, Damian (22 January 2009). "David Attenborough on Charles Darwin – Times Online". The Times. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
  156. ↑ "David Attenborough on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross". 31 October 2009. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2009 – via YouTube.
  157. ↑ Collins, Nick (19 September 2011). "David Attenborough joins campaign against creationism in schools". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  158. 1 2 Pierce, Andrew (2 May 2008). "Sir David Attenborough enters political jungle". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  159. 1 2 "The future of public service broadcasting" Archived 3 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine. BBC. Retrieved 15 September 2019
  160. ↑ "Attenborough backs Ross". Broadcastnow.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
  161. 1 2 3 "The New Statesman Interview – David Attenborough". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011.
  162. ↑ Hamilton, Fiona (3 November 2002). "Interview: Marguerite Driscoll meets Sir David Attenborough: So much jollier than being DG". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  163. ↑ Michaels, Sean (4 June 2013). "Slash and David Attenborough join Brian May in pro-badger supergroup". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  164. ↑ "Celebrities' open letter to Scotland – full text and list of signatories | Politics". The Guardian. 7 August 2014. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  165. ↑ Elgot, Jessica (24 April 2015). "Celebrities sign statement of support for Caroline Lucas – but not the Greens". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  166. ↑ "Attenborough: 'Curb excess capitalism' to save nature". BBC News. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  167. ↑ Blum, Jeremy (10 October 2020). "David Attenborough Calls Out The 'Excesses' Of Capitalism In A World Facing Climate Change". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  168. ↑ "Environmentalist Attenborough tells G7: We need the will to tackle climate change". Reuters. 13 June 2021. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  169. ↑ Lee, Dulcie; Lee, Joseph (13 June 2021). "G7 to agree tough measures on burning coal to tackle climate change". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  170. ↑ Statesman, New (17 May 2023). "The New Statesman's left power list". New Statesman. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  171. ↑ Smith, Giles (31 December 2001). "What comes naturally". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  172. ↑ Donaghy, James (3 March 2008). "David Attenborough: a fine specimen". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  173. ↑ Howie, Michael; Herrmann, Joshi Eichner; Rivlin, Jack (1 August 2010). "Sir David Attenborough heads lists of most honoured by Britain's universities". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  174. ↑ Fergus, Lindsay (16 January 2013). "David Attenborough: The man with the most honorary degrees in UK gets one more from Queen's University". The Belfast Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  175. ↑ "David Attenborough receives '32nd' honorary degree – CBBC Newsround". BBC. 2 July 2013. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  176. ↑ "Honorary Degrees". Durham University. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  177. 1 2 "Council of ambassadors | Sir David Attenborough, OM, CH, CVO, CBE, FRS". WWF-UK. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  178. ↑ "Overzicht eredoctoraten – Universiteit Gent" (in Dutch). Universiteit Gent. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  179. ↑ "British Icons Pick Up Uni Honours". Sky News. 13 July 2011. Archived from the original on 19 June 2011.
  180. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough to receive Freedom of the City" (Press release). Bristol City Council. Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  181. ↑ "Honorary Doctorates – Alumni Relations". Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  182. ↑ "Honorary graduates | 2010 | Sir David Attenborough". Nottingham Trent University. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  183. ↑ "Honorary Fellows – Clare College Cambridge". Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  184. ↑
  185. ↑ "Royal Patrons and Honorary Fellows". The Linnean Society. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  186. ↑ "Royal Society David Attenborough Award and Lecture | Royal Society". royalsociety.org. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  187. ↑ "North American Native Plant Society – NANPS Board". Nanps.org. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
  188. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough signs Academy Charter | Australian Academy of Science". Australian Academy of Science. 17 August 2012. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  189. ↑ West, Dave (7 May 2006). "Impression bird is voted Sir Dave fave". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  190. ↑ Hoggart, Simon (28 January 2006). "In David we trust ... but not Peter". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  191. ↑ "Living Icons – David Attenborough". BBC. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
  192. ↑ "Heroes of our time – the top 50". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011.
  193. ↑ "Prince opens £78m Darwin Centre". BBC News. 14 September 2009.
  194. ↑ "New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday". The Guardian. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  195. ↑ "The New Elizabethans – David Attenborough". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  196. ↑ "'Boaty McBoatface' polar ship named after Attenborough". BBC News. 6 May 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  197. ↑ Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B. (2016). "Natural history: Restore our sense of species". Nature. 533 (7602): 172–174. Bibcode:2016Natur.533..172D. doi:10.1038/533172a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27172032.
  198. ↑ BSBI (24 December 2014). "Hawkweed named for Sir David Attenborough". Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014., T. C. G. Rich (December 2014). "Hieracium attenboroughianum (Asteraceae), a new species of hawkweed". New Journal of Botany. 4 (3): 172–178. Bibcode:2014NJBot...4..172R. doi:10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000051. S2CID 84969327. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  199. ↑ Couvreur TL, Niangadouma R, Sonké B, Sauquet H (2015). "Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon". PhytoKeys (46): 1–19. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.46.8937. PMC 4391954. PMID 25878546.
  200. ↑ "Rare Amazonian butterfly named after Sir David Attenborough". BBC Earth. 3 December 2015. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  201. ↑ "Attenborough at 90". Attenborough at 90. 8 May 2016. BBC Television. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  202. ↑ "Agnarsson et al. 2018. A radiation of the ornate Caribbean 'smiley-faced spiders', with descriptions of 15 new species (Araneae: Theridiidae, Spintharus)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182: 758–790. 26 September 2017. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  203. ↑ "Fifteen New Species of 'Smiley-Faced' Spiders Discovered". Sci News. 27 September 2017. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  204. ↑ Bawden, Tom (22 December 2014). "Following a plant and a spider, Sir David Attenborough now has a beetle named after him". The Independent. Archived from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  205. ↑ Collins, Adrian (23 December 2014). "David Attenborough is getting a beetle named after him". entertainment.ie. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  206. ↑ Greķe, Kristīne (2017). Telnov, Dmitry (ed.). "Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region". Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea. 3: 151–316, pls 19–47. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  207. ↑ Kmentová, Nikol; Gelnar, Milan; Koblmüller, Stephan; Vanhove, Maarten P. M. (2016). "Deep-water parasite diversity in Lake Tanganyika: description of two new monogenean species from benthopelagic cichlid fishes". Parasites & Vectors. 9 (1): 426. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1696-x. ISSN 1756-3305. PMC 4972994. PMID 27488497.
  208. 1 2 Laskow, Sarah (12 January 2016). "All the Creatures Named After David Attenborough". Slate. Archived from the original on 31 August 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  209. ↑ Lehr, Edgar; von May, Rudolf (2017). "A new species of terrestrial-breeding frog (Amphibia, Craugastoridae, Pristimantis) from high elevations of the Pui Pui Protected Forest in central Peru". ZooKeys (660): 17–42. Bibcode:2017ZooK..660...17L. doi:10.3897/zookeys.660.11394. PMC 5549528. PMID 28794672.
  210. ↑ Rakotoarison, A.; Scherz, M.D.; Glaw, F.; Köhler, J; Andreone, F.; Franzen, M.; Glos, J.; Hawlitschek, O.; Jono, T.; Mori, A.; Ndriantsoa, S.H.; Raminosoa Rasoamampionona, N.; Riemann, J.C.; Rödel, M.-O.; Rosa, G.M.; Vieites, D.R.; Crottini, A.; Vences, M. (2017). "Describing the smaller majority: Integrative fast-track taxonomy reveals twenty-six new species of tiny microhylid frogs (genus Stumpffia) from Madagascar". Vertebrate Zoology. 67 (3): 271–398. doi:10.3897/vz.67.e31595. S2CID 257190990.
  211. ↑ "Species named after Sir David Attenborough – in pictures". The Guardian. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  212. ↑ "Plesiosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide". Dinosauria.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
  213. ↑ "Oldest Live-Birth Fossil Found; Fish Had Umbilical Cord". National Geographic News. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
  214. ↑ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN 978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID 246307410. Archived from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  215. ↑ Gough, Myles (25 August 2016). "Kitten-sized extinct 'lion' named after David Attenborough". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  216. ↑ Gillespie, Anna K.; Archer, Michael; Hand, Suzanne J. (2016). "A tiny new marsupial lion (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the early Miocene of Australia" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 19 (2.26A): 1–26. doi:10.26879/632. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  217. ↑ "Fossil named after Sir David Attenborough". BBC News. 22 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  218. ↑ "What's in a name?". Oxford Dictionaries. 22 March 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  219. ↑ Moratelli, Ricardo; Wilson, Don E.; Novaes, Roberto L. M.; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Gutiérrez, Eliécer E. (2017). "Caribbean Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species from Trinidad and Tobago". Journal of Mammalogy. 98 (4): 994–1008. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyx062. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  220. ↑ Sadasivan, Kalesh; Ramesh, M. B.; Palot, Muhamed Jafer; Ambekar, Mayuresh; Mirza, Zeeshan A. (21 January 2018). "A new species of fan-throated lizard of the genus Sitana Cuvier, 1829 from coastal Kerala, southern India". Zootaxa. 4374 (4): 545–564. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4374.4.5. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 29689791. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  221. ↑ "New ocean plankton species named after BBC's Blue Planet series". University College London. 17 April 2018. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  222. ↑ Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.; Cupello, Mario (2018). "A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'". European Journal of Taxonomy (467). ISSN 2118-9773. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  223. ↑ Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Shcherbakov, Dmitry E. (30 June 2021). "New austrolimulid from Russia supports role of Early Triassic horseshoe crabs as opportunistic taxa". PeerJ. 9: e11709. doi:10.7717/peerj.11709. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 8254475. PMID 34249518.
  224. ↑ Bicknell, Russell Dean Christopher (30 June 2021). "We discovered a new fossil species of horseshoe crab (and named it after David Attenborough)". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  225. ↑ "Fossil of believed first animal predator named after David Attenborough". The Globe and Mail. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  226. ↑ "David Attenborough: Longest career as a TV presenter". Guinness World Records. Jim Pattison Group. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  227. ↑ "Medals and Awards" (PDF). Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  228. ↑ "No. 46310". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 June 1974. p. 6799.
  229. ↑ Newcomb, Horace (7 October 2004). Encyclopedia of television (2 ed.). Routledge. p. 157. ISBN 1-57958-394-6.
  230. ↑ "UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  231. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough OM CH CVO CBE FRS Statute 12". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  232. ↑ "No. 50154". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 June 1985. p. 1.
  233. ↑ "No. 52563". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 June 1991. p. 4.
  234. ↑ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  235. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough OM CH CVO CBE FRS (1992), Royal Academy of Arts, London". Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  236. ↑ "No. 54255". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1995. p. 5.
  237. ↑ "Conservation and biodiversity research wins international prize for British scientist". Imperial College London. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  238. ↑ "Gifted naturalist is awarded prestigious RSPB medal". RSPB. 10 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  239. ↑ "Research – RTD info -N° 44 – February 2005 – European science – from Nobel to Descartes". 14 February 2010. Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  240. ↑ Moore, Andrew (5 February 2005). "Descartes' Europe: one good revolution deserves another". EMBO Reports. 6 (2): 110–113. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400340. PMC 1299250. PMID 15689937.
  241. ↑ "Cook's Log v27 no. 4" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  242. ↑ "World Cultural Council / Winners – Education – Sir David Attenborough". 29 October 2013. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  243. ↑ "No. 57645". The London Gazette. 20 May 2005. p. 6631.
  244. ↑ "Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest". Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  245. ↑ Awards, National Television. "Winners | National Television Awards". nationaltvawards.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  246. ↑ "Welcome to IEEM". IEEM. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
  247. ↑ "BBC – Culture Show – Living Icons". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  248. ↑ "Peter Scott award – British Naturalists' Association". bna-naturalists.org. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  249. ↑ "About the Fellowship – Society of Antiquaries of London". Society of Antiquaries of London. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  250. ↑ "Progress Medal". The RPS. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  251. ↑ "Prince of Asturias Awards 2009". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  252. ↑ "Fonseca Prize 2010 – ConCiencia Programme – USC". usc.gal. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  253. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough honoured by Qld Museum". Queensland Government. 20 January 2010. Archived from the original on 30 March 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  254. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough OM CH FRS is awarded the SHNH – Society for the History of Natural History Founders' Medal. – Society for the History of Natural History". Society for the History of Natural History. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  255. ↑ "AIB announces Winners of 2011 AIBs International Media Awards | AIB". aib.org.uk. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  256. ↑ Cole, Alan. "Sir David Attenborough: IUCN award". Xperedon Charity News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  257. ↑ "Naturalist Sir David Attenborough Awarded Individual Peabody". uga.grady.edu. 14 April 2015. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  258. ↑ "BritainAustralia Society Award 2017". Britain-Australia Society. 4 January 2018. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  259. ↑ "Moscow Society of Naturalists official site". Moip.msu.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  260. ↑ "Gold Medal-Award Recipients since its inception in 1972". RCGS. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  261. ↑ "Nominees/Winners". Television Academy. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  262. ↑ "The Perfect World Award". The Perfect World Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  263. ↑ "Nominees/Winners | Television Academy". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  264. 1 2 "LI to honour Sir David Attenborough with the Landscape Institute Medal". Landscape Institute. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  265. ↑ "Davos 2019: Meet the Crystal Award winners". World Economic Forum. 10 December 2018. Archived from the original on 20 November 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  266. ↑ "David Attenborough: 'The Garden of Eden is no more'. Read his Davos speech in full". World Economic Forum. 21 January 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  267. ↑ "British broadcaster Sir David Attenborough awarded Indira Gandhi Peace Prize at online event". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  268. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough and the BBC Studios Natural History Unit awarded Chatham House Prize 2019 for ocean advocacy". Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  269. ↑ Low, Valentine (10 October 2020). "Attenborough gets a second knighthood". The Times (subscription). Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  270. ↑ "No. 63135". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 October 2020. p. B3.
  271. ↑ Programme, UN Environment (26 November 2020). "Lifetime Achievement". Champions of the Earth. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  272. ↑ Verhoeven, Beatrice (28 July 2022). "2022 News & Documentary Emmy Nominations Revealed". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  273. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough voted UK's favourite TV presenter of all time". Yahoo! News. Yahoo. 9 March 2023. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  274. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough: Bafta TV awards 2014". The Guardian. 3 December 2017. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  275. 1 2 "Rotten Tomatoes: David Attenborough". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  276. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough". Waterstones. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  277. ↑ "David Attenborough Books – Biography and List of Works – Author of 'Life On Earth – a Natural History'". biblio.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  •  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Wikiquote has quotations related to David Attenborough.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to David Attenborough.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.