加拿大語言
加拿大是一个多语言国家，很多种语言在加拿大都有很多人口使用。包括了加拿大原住民（第一民族，因纽特人和梅蒂人等）的多种语言、各国移民带来的语言、当地方言和混合的语言。
| 相關系列條目 |
| 加拿大文化 |
|---|
 |
| 歷史 |
| 主題 |
| 研究 |
|
|
根据2016年的估计，以英语和法语为母语的加拿大人分别占56.0%和20.6%。[1]掌握英语的人口占到了总人口比例86.2%，而掌握法语的人口则约占29.8%。[2]在《官方语言法令》和《加拿大权利与自由宪章》第十六条中，英语和法语均被认可为官方语言，这意味着加拿大的所有法案均以两种语言颁布，政府机构也必须同时提供这两种语言的服务。在加拿大的行政区划中，魁北克仅以法语为官方语言，新不伦瑞克是唯一一个同时以英语和法语为官方语言的省，其它省均以英语为官方语言。
加拿大的语言多样性不仅体现在这两种官方语言上。大约610万加拿大人（约占全体加拿大人的18%）的母语或第一语言既不是英语也不是法语，通常这些人是第一代移民。大约有350万加拿大人无论在家庭还是在社会中通常不使用英语或法语。
加拿大也是许多种美洲原住民语的故乡，但使用人口占加拿大总人口的1%不到。除此以外，乌克兰语和粤语在加拿大也有超过50万人的使用人口。
母語人數統計
| 母語 | 2016年加拿大人口普查 | 2011年加拿大人口普查 | 2006年加拿大人口普查 | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 种群 | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
| 回答"只有一種母語" | 33,947,610 | 97.64% | 32,481,635 | 98.07% | 30,848,270 | 98.74% | |
| 英語或法語 | 26,627,545 | 76.59% | 25,913,955 | 78.24% | 24,700,425 | 79.06% | |
| 英语 | 19,460,855 | 55.97% | 18,858,980 | 56.94% | 17,882,775 | 57.24% | |
| 法语 | 7,166,700 | 20.61% | 7,054,975 | 21.3% | 6,817,650 | 21.82% | |
| 英語及法語以外的語言 | 7,321,070 | 21.06% | 6,567,680 | 19.83% | 6,147,840 | 19.68% | |
| 汉语 | 1,227,680 | 3.53% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Combined responses of Mandarin, Cantonese, Chinese n.o.s. and Min Nan |
| 官话 (現代標準漢語) | 592,035 | 1.7% | 248,705 | 0.75% | 170,950 | 0.55% | |
| 广州话 | 565,275 | 1.63% | 372,460 | 1.12% | 361,450 | 1.16% | |
| 旁遮普語 | 501,680 | 1.44% | 430,705 | 1.3% | 367,505 | 1.18% | |
| 西班牙语 | 458,850 | 1.32% | 410,670 | 1.24% | 345,345 | 1.11% | |
| 他加祿語 | 431,385 | 1.24% | 327,445 | 0.99% | 235,615 | 0.75% | |
| 阿拉伯语 | 419,895 | 1.21% | 327,870 | 0.99% | 261,640 | 0.84% | |
| 德语 | 384,040 | 1.1% | 409,200 | 1.24% | 450,570 | 1.44% | |
| 意大利语 | 375,645 | 1.08% | 407,485 | 1.23% | 455,040 | 1.46% | |
| 印度斯坦语 | 321,465 | 0.92% | 263,345 | 0.8% | 224,045 | 0.72% | Combined responses of Hindi and Urdu |
| 葡萄牙語 | 221,535 | 0.64% | 211,335 | 0.64% | 219,275 | 0.7% | |
| 波斯语 (Farsi) | 214,200 | 0.62% | 170,045 | 0.51% | 134,080 | 0.43% | |
| 乌尔都语 | 210,820 | 0.61% | 172,800 | 0.52% | 145,805 | 0.47% | |
| 俄语 | 188,255 | 0.54% | 164,330 | 0.5% | 133,580 | 0.43% | |
| 波兰语 | 181,705 | 0.52% | 191,645 | 0.58% | 211,175 | 0.68% | |
| 越南语 | 156,430 | 0.45% | 144,880 | 0.44% | 141,625 | 0.45% | |
| 朝鮮語 | 153,425 | 0.44% | 137,925 | 0.42% | 125,570 | 0.4% | |
| 泰米尔语 | 140,720 | 0.4% | 131,265 | 0.4% | 115,880 | 0.37% | Most of the Canadian Tamils live in Toronto. |
| 印地语 | 110,645 | 0.32% | 90,545 | 0.27% | 78,240 | 0.25% | |
| 古吉拉特语 | 108,775 | 0.31% | 91,450 | 0.28% | 81,465 | 0.26% | |
| 希腊语 | 106,520 | 0.31% | 108,925 | 0.33% | 117,285 | 0.38% | |
| 乌克兰语 | 102,485 | 0.29% | 111,540 | 0.34% | 134,500 | 0.43% | |
| 荷蘭語 | 99,015 | 0.28% | 110,490 | 0.33% | 128,900 | 0.41% | |
| 羅馬尼亞語 | 96,660 | 0.28% | 90,300 | 0.27% | 78,495 | 0.25% | |
| 孟加拉语 | 73,125 | 0.21% | 59,370 | 0.18% | 45,685 | 0.15% | |
| 克里奧爾語 | 72,130 | 0.21% | 61,725 | 0.19% | 53,515 | 0.17% | |
| 克里语, n.o.s.[nb 1] | 64,045 | 0.18% | 77,900 | 0.24% | 78,855 | 0.25% | In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'. |
| 匈牙利语 | 61,235 | 0.18% | 67,920 | 0.21% | 73,335 | 0.23% | The majority of Hungarian speakers in Canada live in Ontario. A community of Hungarian speakers is found within a part of 温莎 (安大略省). |
| 柏柏尔语族 (卡拜爾語) | n/a | n/a | 57,855 | 0.17% | 25,578 | 0.08% | |
| 塞尔维亚语 | 57,345 | 0.16% | 56,420 | 0.17% | 51,665 | 0.17% | |
| 克罗地亚语 | 48,200 | 0.14% | 49,730 | 0.15% | 55,330 | 0.18% | |
| 日语 | 43,640 | 0.13% | 39,985 | 0.12% | 40,200 | 0.13% | |
| 汉语, n.o.s.[nb 1] | 38,575 | 0.11% | 425,210 | 1.28% | 456,705 | 1.46% | |
| 索馬里語 | 36,760 | 0.11% | 31,380 | 0.09% | 27,320 | 0.09% | |
| 伊努克提圖特語 | 35,215 | 0.1% | 33,500 | 0.1% | 32,015 | 0.1% | In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.[nb 2] |
| 亚美尼亚语 | 33,455 | 0.1% | 29,795 | 0.09% | 30,130 | 0.1% | |
| 土耳其语 | 32,815 | 0.09% | 29,640 | 0.09% | 24,745 | 0.08% | |
| 闽南语 | 31,795 | 0.09% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| 马拉雅拉姆语 | 28,570 | 0.08% | 16,080 | 0.05% | 11,925 | 0.04% | |
| 阿尔巴尼亚语 | 26,895 | 0.08% | 23,820 | 0.07% | n/a | n/a | |
| 伊洛卡诺语 | 26,345 | 0.08% | 17,915 | 0.05% | 13,450 | 0.04% | |
| 阿姆哈拉语 | 22,465 | 0.06% | 18,020 | 0.05% | 14,555 | 0.05% | |
| 捷克语 | 22,295 | 0.06% | 23,585 | 0.07% | 24,450 | 0.08% | |
| 高棉语 | 20,130 | 0.06% | 19,440 | 0.06% | 19,105 | 0.06% | |
| 保加利亚语 | 20,020 | 0.06% | 19,050 | 0.06% | 16,790 | 0.05% | |
| 希伯来语 | 19,530 | 0.06% | 18,450 | 0.06% | 17,635 | 0.06% | |
| 尼日尔-刚果语系, n.i.e.[nb 2] | 19,140 | 0.06% | 14,075 | 0.04% | n/a | n/a | |
| 尼泊尔语 | 18,275 | 0.05% | 8,480 | 0.03% | n/a | n/a | |
| 奥吉布瓦语 | 17,885 | 0.05% | 17,625 | 0.05% | 24,190 | 0.08% | |
| 斯洛伐克语 | 17,585 | 0.05% | 17,580 | 0.05% | 18,820 | 0.06% | |
| 普什图语 | 16,910 | 0.05% | 12,465 | 0.04% | 9,025 | 0.03% | |
| 马其顿语 | 16,770 | 0.05% | 17,245 | 0.05% | 18,435 | 0.06% | |
| 提格利尼亞語 | 16,650 | 0.05% | 10,220 | 0.03% | 7,105 | 0.02% | |
| 僧伽罗语 | 16,335 | 0.05% | 14,185 | 0.04% | 10,180 | 0.03% | |
| 米沙鄢語支 | n/a | n/a | 16,240 | 0.05% | 11,240 | 0.04% | |
| 泰卢固语 | 15,655 | 0.05% | 9,315 | 0.03% | 6,625 | 0.02% | |
| 芬兰语 | 15,295 | 0.04% | 17,415 | 0.05% | 21,030 | 0.07% | |
| 意第緒語 | 13,555 | 0.04% | 15,205 | 0.05% | 16,295 | 0.05% | |
| 阿坎语 | 13,460 | 0.04% | 12,680 | 0.04% | 12,780 | 0.04% | |
| 斯瓦希里语 | 13,375 | 0.04% | 10,090 | 0.03% | 7,935 | 0.03% | |
| 吴语 (Shanghainese) | 12,920 | 0.04% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Oji-Cree | 12,855 | 0.04% | 9,835 | 0.03% | 11,690 | 0.04% | |
| 老挝语 | 12,670 | 0.04% | 12,970 | 0.04% | 13,940 | 0.04% | |
| 丹麦语 | 12,630 | 0.04% | 14,145 | 0.04% | 18,735 | 0.06% | |
| 马来语 | 12,275 | 0.04% | 10,910 | 0.03% | 9,490 | 0.03% | |
| 波斯尼亚语 | 12,210 | 0.04% | 11,685 | 0.04% | 12,790 | 0.04% | |
| 信德语 | 11,860 | 0.03% | 11,330 | 0.03% | 10,355 | 0.03% | |
| 庫爾德語 | 11,705 | 0.03% | 9,805 | 0.03% | 7,660 | 0.02% | |
| 客家话 | 10,910 | 0.03% | 5,115 | 0.02% | n/a | n/a | |
| Dene, n.o.s.[nb 1] | 10,700 | 0.03% | 11,215 | 0.03% | 9,745 | 0.03% | |
| 南非語 | 10,260 | 0.03% | 8,770 | 0.03% | n/a | n/a | |
| Montagnais (Innu) | 10,230 | 0.03% | 10,785 | 0.03% | 10,975 | 0.04% | In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'. |
| 斯洛文尼亚语 | 9,785 | 0.03% | 10,775 | 0.03% | 13,135 | 0.04% | |
| 臺灣話 | n/a | n/a | 9,635 | 0.03% | 9,620 | 0.03% | |
| 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语 | 9,555 | 0.03% | 10,155 | 0.03% | 12,510 | 0.04% | All varieties of Serbo-Croatian (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian) combined would enumerate a total of 127,310 speakers (0.37% of total population). |
| 非洲语言, n.i.e.[nb 2] | n/a | n/a | 9,125 | 0.03% | n/a | n/a | |
| 泰语 | 9,255 | 0.03% | 7,935 | 0.02% | n/a | n/a | |
| 马拉地语 | 8,295 | 0.02% | 5,830 | 0.02% | n/a | n/a | |
| 班图语支, n.i.e.[nb 2] | n/a | n/a | 7,150 | 0.02% | n/a | n/a | |
| 立陶宛语 | 7,075 | 0.02% | 7,245 | 0.02% | 8,335 | 0.03% | |
| 瑞典語 | 6,840 | 0.02% | 7,350 | 0.02% | 8,220 | 0.03% | |
| Mi'kmaq | 6,690 | 0.02% | 7,635 | 0.02% | 7,365 | 0.02% | |
| Tibetan | 6,165 | 0.02% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| 阿提卡米克语 | 6,150 | 0.02% | 5,820 | 0.02% | 5,250 | 0.02% | |
| 加拿大苏格兰盖尔语 | n/a | n/a | 6,015 | 0.02% | 6,015 | 0.02% | |
| Fukien (福州話) | n/a | n/a | 5,925 | 0.02% | n/a | n/a | |
| Rundi (隆迪语) | 5,845 | 0.02% | 3,975 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| 马耳他语 | 5,565 | 0.02% | 6,220 | 0.02% | 6,405 | 0.02% | |
| 爱沙尼亚语 | 5,445 | 0.02% | 6,385 | 0.02% | 8,240 | 0.03% | |
| 拉脱维亚语 | 5,455 | 0.02% | 6,200 | 0.02% | 7,000 | 0.02% | |
| 卢旺达语 (Rwanda) | 5,250 | 0.02% | 3,895 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| 印度-伊朗语族, n.i.e.[nb 2] | 5,180 | 0.01% | 5,255 | 0.02% | n/a | n/a | |
| 奧羅莫語 | 4,960 | 0.01% | 11,140 | 0.03% | n/a | n/a | |
| 挪威语 | 4,615 | 0.01% | 5,800 | 0.02% | 7,225 | 0.02% | |
| 藏語 | n/a | n/a | 4,640 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| 汉藏语系, n.i.e.[nb 2] | n/a | n/a | 4,360 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| 手語s, n.i.e.[nb 2] | 4,125 | 0.01% | 3,815 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| Vlaams (弗拉芒语) | 3,895 | 0.01% | 4,690 | 0.01% | 5,660 | 0.02% | |
| 林加拉语 | 3,810 | 0.01% | 3,085 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| 缅甸语 | 3,585 | 0.01% | 2,985 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| Stoney | 3,025 | 0.01% | 3,050 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| 上海话 | n/a | n/a | 2,920 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| 黑腳語 | 2,815 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 3,085 | 0.01% | |
| 斯拉夫语族, n.i.e.[nb 2] | 2,420 | 0.01% | 3,630 | 0.01% | n/a | n/a | |
| 闪米特语族, n.i.e.[nb 2] | 2,155 | 0.01% | 16,970 | 0.05% | n/a | n/a | |
| 弗里斯兰语 | 2,095 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 2,890 | 0.01% | |
| Dogrib (Tlicho) | 1,645 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 2,020 | 0.01% | |
| 藏緬語族, n.i.e.[nb 2] | 1,405 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Siouan languages (Dakota/苏语) | 1,265 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 5,585 | 0.02% | |
| Algonquin | 1,260 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 1,920 | 0.01% | |
| 苏格兰盖尔语 | 1,095 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| 威尔士语 | 1,075 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Carrier | 1,030 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 1,560 | <0.01% | |
| Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) | 1,020 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 365 | <0.01% | |
| 摩和克語 | 985 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 290 | <0.01% | |
| South Slavey | 950 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 1,605 | 0.01% | Also known as Dene Yatıé or Dene Zhatıé, or Dené Dháh. |
| Gitxsan (Gitksan) | 880 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 1,180 | <0.01% | |
| North Slavey | 765 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 1,065 | <0.01% | Also known as Sahtúgot’įné Yatı̨́, K’ashógot’įne Goxedǝ́, and Shíhgot’įne Yatı̨́. |
| Tsilhqot'in | 655 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 1,070 | <0.01% | Also spelled Chilcotin. |
| 凯尔特语族, n.i.e.[nb 2] | 530 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Dënësųłıné | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 525 | <0.01% | |
| Michif | 465 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) | 445 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 935 | <0.01% | |
| Nisga'a | 400 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 680 | <0.01% | |
| Malecite | 300 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 535 | <0.01% | |
| 哥威迅语 | 260 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 360 | <0.01% | |
| 特林吉特語 | 95 | <0.01% | n/a | n/a | 80 | <0.01% | |
| 其他語言 | n/a | n/a | 77,890 | 0.2% | 172,650 | 0.55% | |
| 回答"有多種母語" | 818,640 | 2.35% | 639,540 | 1.9% | 392,760 | 1.26% | |
| 英語及法語 | 165,335 | 0.48% | 144,685 | 0.4% | 98,630 | 0.32% | |
| 英語及一種非法定語言 | 533,260 | 1.53% | 396,330 | 1.2% | 240,005 | 0.77% | |
| 法語及一種非法定語言 | 86,145 | 0.25% | 74,430 | 0.2% | 43,335 | 0.14% | |
| 英語、法語及一種非法定語言 | 33,900 | 0.1% | 24,095 | 0.07% | 10,790 | 0.03% | |
| 總數[3][4][5] | 34,767,250 | 100% | 33,121,175 | 100% | 31,241,030 | 100% | |
参考资料
- Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. . www12.statcan.gc.ca. 2017-08-02 [2019-12-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-12）.
- Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. . www12.statcan.gc.ca. 2017-08-02 [2019-12-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-25）.
- . Statistics Canada. August 2, 2017.
- . 8 February 2012 [May 18, 2020].
- Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages, 2006年加拿大人口普查 的存檔，存档日期July 1, 2013，.
- n.o.s. – not otherwise specified
- n.i.e. – not included elsewhere
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.