Ili-Ishar
Military governor of Mari
Brick with inscription of "Ili-Ishar, Shakkanakku of Mari", commemorating a canal-building project.[1]
Reignc.2100 BCE
PredecessorIddi-ilum
SuccessorTura-Dagan (brother)
DynastyShakkanakku dynasty
Mari is located in Near East
Mari
Mari
Location of Mari, where Ili-Ishar ruled.

Ili-Ishar, also Ilum-Ishar (๐’€ญ๐’„ฟ๐’Šฌ, Il3-Ishar), was a ruler of the city of Mari, northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire c. 2084-2072 BCE.[2] His father was Apil-Kin (๐’€€๐’‰ˆ๐’† ๐’…”), and his brother was Tura-Dagan, who succeeded him.[3]

He held the title of Shakkanakku (military governor), which was borne by all the princes of a dynasty who reigned at Mari in the late third millennium and early second millennium BC. These kings were the descendants of the military governors appointed by the kings of Akkad.[4] He was contemporary of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and probably their vassal.[5]

Several brick inscriptions in the name of Ili-Ishar have been found in Mari, describing the building of a canal:

"Ilum-iลกar, ลกakkanakku of Mari, made the แธชubur go down to Bฤb-Mฤ“r"

โ€”โ€ŠMari inscriptions of Ili-Ishar.[6][7]

On some of his inscriptions, Ili-Ishar uses the title dannum' ("the Great") in front of his function Shakkanakku ("Military Governor"), a practice which is first attested at Mari from the inscriptions of Apil-Kin, and was initially introduced by Naram-Sin of the Akkadian Empire.[8]

References

  1. โ†‘ Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-134-78795-1.
  2. โ†‘ Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-134-78795-1.
  3. โ†‘ Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.
  4. โ†‘ Louvre. "The Statuette of Iddi-Ilum," Department of Near Eastern Antiquities: Mesopotamia. Accessed December 1, 2014. http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/statuette-iddi-ilum
  5. โ†‘ Unger, Merrill F. (2014). Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-62564-606-4.
  6. โ†‘ Loisel, Anne-Caroline Rendu. "Ilum-Isar et Apil-Kin, deux nouvelles inscriptions de Mari/Tell Hariri". In L. Feliu / J. Llop / A. Millet Alba / J. Sanmartin (Ed), Time and History in the Ancient Near East, Proceedings of Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale 56, Barcelone, Juillet 2010, Pp.633-643.
  7. โ†‘ THUREAU-DANGIN, F. (1936). "TEXTES DE Mร‚RI". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archรฉologie orientale. 33 (4): 177โ€“179. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23284100.
  8. โ†‘ Loisel, Anne-Caroline Rendu. "Ilum-Isar et Apil-Kin, deux nouvelles inscriptions de Mari/Tell Hariri". In L. Feliu / J. Llop / A. Millet Alba / J. Sanmartin (Ed), Time and History in the Ancient Near East, Proceedings of Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale 56, Barcelone, Juillet 2010, Pp.633-643: 649.
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