癌症标志物

癌症标志物又稱腫瘤標誌物，是由癌細胞直接产生或由非癌細胞经癌細胞诱导产生（人體對癌細胞的反應）的物质（生物標記）[1]。癌症标志物存在於人們的血液、尿液或组织中。对于肿瘤标志物的检测可对肿瘤存在、发病过程及预后作出判断。每個腫瘤標誌物對應的癌症有所不同。肿瘤标志物水平升高可能表明患有癌症，然而也可能有其他原因導致升高。

维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見醫學聲明。

癌症标志物可回答的问题：

  • 预后：这种癌症可能继续生长？
  • 诊断：我患了何种癌症？
  • 预测：这种药是针对我患癌症的最佳用药吗？
  • 药效学：对我来说此药的最佳用量是多少？
  • 复发：癌症会再次发作吗？

常見的腫瘤標誌物
腫瘤標誌物有關的癌症
Α-胎兒蛋白 (AFP)生殖细胞瘤, 肝細胞癌[2]
CA 15-3乳癌[3]
CA27.29乳癌[4]
CA19-9胰臟癌、大腸癌、胃肠道癌.[5]
CA-125卵巢癌,[6]、子宫内膜癌, 输卵管瘤, 肺癌, 乳癌和胃肠道癌.[7]、子宮內膜異位症.[8]
降鈣素甲狀腺髓質癌
Calretinin間皮瘤, 性腺间质肿瘤, adrenocortical carcinoma, 滑膜肉瘤[2]
癌胚抗原胃肠道癌, 子宮頸癌, 肺癌, 卵巢癌, 乳癌, urinary tract cancer[2]
CD34hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor, 多形性脂肪瘤, 胃腸道基質腫瘤, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans[2]
CD99MIC 2尤文氏肉瘤, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor, 滑膜肉瘤, 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 性腺间质肿瘤[2]
CD117胃腸道基質腫瘤, mastocytosis, seminoma[2]
Chromogranin神經內分泌腫瘤[2]
Chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21膀胱癌[9]
Cytokeratin (TPA, TPS, Cyfra21-1)癌、肉瘤[2]
Desminsmooth muscle sarcoma, 横纹肌肉瘤, endometrial stromal sarcoma[2]
Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)癌、meningioma、肉瘤[2]
Factor VIII, CD31 FL1vascular sarcoma[2]
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)神經膠質瘤 (astrocytoma, ependymoma)[2]
Gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15)乳癌, 卵巢癌, salivary gland cancer[2]
hPG80乳癌, 卵巢癌, 前列腺癌, 腎癌, 大腸癌, 肝癌
HMB-45黑色素瘤, PEComa (例如 angiomyolipoma), clear cell adenocarcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma[2]
人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG)妊娠滋养细胞疾病, 生殖细胞瘤, 绒毛膜癌[2]
抗体淋巴瘤, 白血病[2]
激活素与抑制素性腺间质肿瘤, adrenocortical carcinoma, hemangioblastoma[2]
角蛋白癌, 肉瘤[2]
淋巴细胞淋巴瘤, 白血病[2]
MART-1 (Melan-A)黑色素瘤,adrenocortical carcinoma、gonadal tumor[2]
Myo D1横纹肌肉瘤, small, round, blue cell tumour[2]
muscle-specific actin (MSA)myosarcoma (平滑肌肉瘤, 横纹肌肉瘤)[2]
neurofilament神經內分泌腫瘤, 小细胞癌[2]
neuron-specific enolase (NSE)神經內分泌腫瘤, 小细胞癌, 乳癌[2]
placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)seminoma, 无性细胞瘤, 胚胎性癌[2]
前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)前列腺[2]
蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶C型受體 (CD45)淋巴瘤, 白血病, histiocytic sarcoma[2]
S100蛋白黑色素瘤, 肉瘤 (neurosarcoma, 脂肪瘤, chondrosarcoma), astrocytoma, 胃腸道基質腫瘤, salivary gland cancer, adenocarcinoma, histiocytic tumor (樹突狀細胞, 巨噬细胞)[2]
smooth muscle actin (SMA)胃腸道基質腫瘤, 平滑肌肉瘤, PEComa[2]
突觸素神經內分泌腫瘤[2]
胸苷激酶淋巴瘤, 白血病, 肺癌, 前列腺癌
thyroglobulin (Tg)甲狀腺癌[2]
thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1)甲狀腺癌, 肺癌[2]
Tumor M2-PK大腸癌,[10] 乳癌,[11][12] renal cell carcinoma[13][14] 肺癌,[15][16] 胰臟癌,[17] 食道癌,[18] 胃癌,[18]子宮頸癌,[19] 卵巢癌,[20]
波形蛋白肉瘤, renal cell carcinoma, 子宫内膜癌, 肺癌, 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 黑色素瘤[2]

分子癌症标志物
肿瘤类型生物标志物
乳腺 ER（雌激素受体）[21][22]
HER-2/neu[21][22]
结直肠 EGFR[21][22]
KRAS[21][23]
UGT1A1[21][23]
胃 HER-2/neu[21]
胃腸道基質腫瘤 c-KIT[21][24]
白血病/淋巴瘤 CD20抗原[21][25]
CD30[21][26]
FIP1L1-PDGRFα[21][27]
PDGFR[21][28]
费城染色体（BCR/ABL）[21][29][30]
PML/RARα[21][31]
TPMT[21][32]
UGT1A1[21][33]
肺 ALK[21][34][35]
EGFR[21][22]
KRAS[21][22]
黑色素瘤 BRAF[21][35]

生物标志物的其它例子：

参考文献
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