糖皮质激素受体
糖皮质激素受体(英語:),也称为NR3C1(核受体亚家族3,C组,成员1),是皮质醇和其他糖皮质激素结合的受体。[8]
GR几乎在身体的每个细胞中都有表达,并调节控制发育、新陈代谢和免疫反应的基因。因为受体基因以多种形式表达,它在身体的不同部位有许多不同的(多效性)作用。[9]
当糖皮质激素与GR结合时,其主要作用机制是调节基因转录。[10]未结合的受体存在于细胞的胞质溶胶中。受体与糖皮质激素结合后,受体-糖皮质激素复合物可以采取两种途径中的任一种。活化的GR复合物上调细胞核中抗炎蛋白的表达或抑制胞质溶胶中促炎蛋白的表达(通过阻止其他转录因子从细胞质转移到细胞核中)。[11]
结构
配体结合和反应
在没有激素的情况下,糖皮质激素受体位于与多种蛋白质复合的细胞质中,包括热休克蛋白90(Hsp90)、热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)和蛋白FKBP4(FK506结合蛋白4)。[16]内源性糖皮质激素皮质醇通过细胞膜扩散到细胞质中并与糖皮质激素受体结合,导致热休克蛋白释放。所得的活化形式GR具有两种主要的作用机制,反式激活和反式阻遏,[17][18]如下所述。
转录激活
一种直接的作用机制包括受体的同二聚化、通过主动转运进入细胞核的易位以及与激活基因转录的特定 DNA 反应元件的结合。该作用机制被称为转录激活。生物反应取决于细胞类型。
转录抑制
在没有激活的GR的情况下,其他转录因子如NF-κB或AP-1本身能够反式激活靶基因。[19]
临床意义
GR在家族性糖皮质激素抵抗中异常。[20]
在中枢神经系统结构中,糖皮质激素受体作为神经内分泌整合的新代表引起了人们的兴趣,作为内分泌影响的主要成分。该受体现在与对压力源的短期和长期适应有关,可能对理解心理障碍至关重要,包括部分或所有亚型抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)。[21]库欣病典型的情绪失调等长期观察结果证明了皮质类固醇在调节心理状态中的作用。最近的进展表明在神经水平上与去甲肾上腺素和血清素的相互作用。[22][23]
在先兆子痫(一种常见于孕妇的高血压疾病)中,可能靶向该蛋白质的miRNA序列水平在母亲的血液中升高。相反,胎盘提高了含有这种miRNA的外泌体的水平,可能导致分子翻译的抑制。该信息的临床意义尚未明确。[24]
相互作用
糖皮质激素受体与以下物质相互作用:
- BAG1[27][28]
- CEBPB[29]
- CREBBP[30]
- DAP3[31]
- DAXX[32]
- HSP90AA1[31][33][34][35][36][37][38]
- HNRPU[39]
- MED1[40][41]
- MED14[41]
- 盐皮质激素受体[42]
- NRIP1[40][43][44]
- NCOR1[45][46]
- NCOA1[40][47]
- NCOA2[40][48]
- NCOA3[40][49]
- POU2F1[50][51]
- RANBP9[52]
- RELA[52][53][54]
- SMAD3[55][56]
- SMARCD1[49]
- SMARCA4[49][57]
- STAT3[58][59]
- STAT5B[60]
- 硫氧还蛋白[61]
- TRIM28[62]
- YWHAH[63]
研究
2022年6月28日发表的一篇论文表明,NR3C1可能是肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)的潜在靶点之一。使用支持AI的生物靶点发现平台,发现NR3C1在CNS fALS和sALS中均被上调。通过靶点发现,可以进一步设计多种途径和药物来治疗ALS。[64]
参考文献
- .
- .
- .
- GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000113580 - Ensembl, May 2017
- GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024431 - Ensembl, May 2017
- . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Nicolaides, Nicolas C.; Chrousos, George; Kino, Tomoshige. . Feingold, Kenneth R. (编). . South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc. 2000. PMID 25905394.
- Oakley, Robert H.; Cidlowski, John A. . The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2013-11, 132 (5). ISSN 1097-6825. PMC 4084612 . PMID 24084075. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.007.
- Lu, Nick Z.; Wardell, Suzanne E.; Burnstein, Kerry L.; Defranco, Donald; Fuller, Peter J.; Giguere, Vincent; Hochberg, Richard B.; McKay, Lorraine; Renoir, Jack-Michel; Weigel, Nancy L.; Wilson, Elizabeth M. . Pharmacological Reviews. 2006-12, 58 (4) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0031-6997. PMID 17132855. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.9. (原始内容存档于2022-05-28).
- Ingawale, Deepa K.; Mandlik, Satish K.; Patel, Snehal S. . Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine. 2015-03, 12 (1) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 1553-3840. PMID 25503867. doi:10.1515/jcim-2014-0051. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Hollenberg, S. M.; Weinberger, C.; Ong, E. S.; Cerelli, G.; Oro, A.; Lebo, R.; Thompson, E. B.; Rosenfeld, M. G.; Evans, R. M. . Nature. 1985-12-19, 318 (6047) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 6165583 . PMID 2867473. doi:10.1038/318635a0. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Francke, U.; Foellmer, B. E. . Genomics. 1989-05, 4 (4) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0888-7543. PMID 2744768. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90287-5. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Kumar, R.; Thompson, E. B. . Steroids. 1999-05, 64 (5) [2022-07-10]. ISSN 0039-128X. PMID 10406480. doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(99)00014-8. (原始内容存档于2022-07-10).
- Kumar, Raj; Thompson, E. Brad. . The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2005-04, 94 (5) [2022-07-10]. ISSN 0960-0760. PMID 15876404. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.12.046. (原始内容存档于2022-07-10).
- Pratt, W. B.; Morishima, Y.; Murphy, M.; Harrell, M. . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 2006, (172) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0171-2004. PMID 16610357. doi:10.1007/3-540-29717-0_5. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Buckingham, Julia C. . British Journal of Pharmacology. 2006-01,. 147 Suppl 1. ISSN 0007-1188. PMC 1760726 . PMID 16402112. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706456.
- Hayashi, Ryuji; Wada, Hiroo; Ito, Kazuhiro; Adcock, Ian M. . European Journal of Pharmacology. 2004-10-01, 500 (1-3) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0014-2999. PMID 15464020. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.011. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Ray, A.; Prefontaine, K. E. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1994-01-18, 91 (2). ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 8290595. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.752.
- Mendonca, Berenice B.; Leite, Maristela V.; de Castro, Margaret; Kino, Tomoshige; Elias, Lucila L. K.; Bachega, Tania A. S.; Arnhold, Ivo J. P.; Chrousos, George P.; Latronico, Ana Claudia. . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002-04, 87 (4) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0021-972X. PMID 11932321. doi:10.1210/jcem.87.4.8379. (原始内容存档于2022-03-07).
- Maletic, V.; Robinson, M.; Oakes, T.; Iyengar, S.; Ball, S. G.; Russell, J. . International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2007-12, 61 (12) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 1368-5031. PMC 2228409 . PMID 17944926. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01602.x. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Savitz, Jonathan; Lucki, Irwin; Drevets, Wayne C. . Progress in Neurobiology. 2009-05, 88 (1) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 1873-5118. PMC 2736801 . PMID 19428959. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.01.009. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Schechter, Daniel S.; Moser, Dominik A.; Paoloni-Giacobino, Ariane; Stenz, Ludwig; Gex-Fabry, Marianne; Aue, Tatjana; Adouan, Wafae; Cordero, María I.; Suardi, Francesca; Manini, Aurelia; Sancho Rossignol, Ana. . Frontiers in Psychology. 2015, 6. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4447998 . PMID 26074844. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00690.
- Salomon, Carlos; Guanzon, Dominic; Scholz-Romero, Katherin; Longo, Sherri; Correa, Paula; Illanes, Sebastian E.; Rice, Gregory E. . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017-09-01, 102 (9) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 1945-7197. PMID 28531338. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-00672. (原始内容存档于2022-06-20).
- Kalavantavanich, K.; Schramm, C. M. . American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2000-05, 278 (5). ISSN 1040-0605. PMID 10781443. doi:10.1152/ajplung.2000.278.5.L1101.
- Duret, Cedric; Daujat-Chavanieu, Martine; Pascussi, Jean-Marc; Pichard-Garcia, Lydiane; Balaguer, Patrick; Fabre, Jean-Michel; Vilarem, Marie-José; Maurel, Patrick; Gerbal-Chaloin, Sabine. . Molecular Pharmacology. 2006-07, 70 (1) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0026-895X. PMID 16608920. doi:10.1124/mol.105.022046. (原始内容存档于2022-06-15).
- Kullmann, M.; Schneikert, J.; Moll, J.; Heck, S.; Zeiner, M.; Gehring, U.; Cato, A. C. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1998-06-05, 273 (23). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9603979. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.23.14620.
- Schneikert, J.; Hübner, S.; Langer, G.; Petri, T.; Jäättelä, M.; Reed, J.; Cato, A. C. . The EMBO journal. 2000-12-01, 19 (23) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 11101523. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.23.6508. (原始内容存档于2021-11-25).
- Boruk, M.; Savory, J. G.; Haché, R. J. . Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). 1998-11, 12 (11) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 9817600. doi:10.1210/mend.12.11.0191. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Almlöf, T.; Wallberg, A. E.; Gustafsson, J. A.; Wright, A. P. . Biochemistry. 1998-06-30, 37 (26) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 9649342. doi:10.1021/bi973029x. (原始内容存档于2022-02-23).
- Hulkko, S. M.; Wakui, H.; Zilliacus, J. . The Biochemical Journal. 2000-08-01,. 349 Pt 3. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1221218 . PMID 10903152. doi:10.1042/bj3490885.
- Lin, Ding-Yen; Lai, Ming-Zong; Ann, David K.; Shih, Hsiu-Ming. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2003-05-02, 278 (18). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12595526. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300387200.
- Jibard, N.; Meng, X.; Leclerc, P.; Rajkowski, K.; Fortin, D.; Schweizer-Groyer, G.; Catelli, M. G.; Baulieu, E. E.; Cadepond, F. . Experimental Cell Research. 1999-03-15, 247 (2) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0014-4827. PMID 10066374. doi:10.1006/excr.1998.4375. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Kanelakis, Kimon C.; Shewach, Donna S.; Pratt, William B. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002-09-13, 277 (37). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12093808. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204164200.
- Hecht, K.; Carlstedt-Duke, J.; Stierna, P.; Gustafsson, J.; Brönnegârd, M.; Wikström, A. C. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997-10-17, 272 (42). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9334248. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.42.26659.
- de Castro, M.; Elliot, S.; Kino, T.; Bamberger, C.; Karl, M.; Webster, E.; Chrousos, G. P. . Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). 1996-09, 2 (5) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 1076-1551. PMC 2230188 . PMID 8898375. (原始内容存档于2022-03-31).
- van den Berg, J. D.; Smets, L. A.; van Rooij, H. . The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 1996-02, 57 (3-4) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0960-0760. PMID 8645634. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(95)00271-5. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Stancato, L. F.; Silverstein, A. M.; Gitler, C.; Groner, B.; Pratt, W. B. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996-04-12, 271 (15). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8621522. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.15.8831.
- Eggert, M.; Michel, J.; Schneider, S.; Bornfleth, H.; Baniahmad, A.; Fackelmayer, F. O.; Schmidt, S.; Renkawitz, R. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997-11-07, 272 (45). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9353307. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.45.28471.
- Zilliacus, J.; Holter, E.; Wakui, H.; Tazawa, H.; Treuter, E.; Gustafsson, J. A. . Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). 2001-04, 15 (4) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 11266503. doi:10.1210/mend.15.4.0624. (原始内容存档于2022-07-08).
- Hittelman, A. B.; Burakov, D.; Iñiguez-Lluhí, J. A.; Freedman, L. P.; Garabedian, M. J. . The EMBO journal. 1999-10-01, 18 (19). ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1171607 . PMID 10508170. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.19.5380.
- Savory, J. G.; Préfontaine, G. G.; Lamprecht, C.; Liao, M.; Walther, R. F.; Lefebvre, Y. A.; Haché, R. J. . Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2001-02, 21 (3) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 11154266. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.3.781-793.2001. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Tazawa, Hiroshi; Osman, Waffa; Shoji, Yutaka; Treuter, Eckardt; Gustafsson, Jan-Ake; Zilliacus, Johanna. . Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2003-06, 23 (12) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 12773562. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.12.4187-4198.2003. (原始内容存档于2022-02-18).
- Subramaniam, N.; Treuter, E.; Okret, S. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1999-06-18, 274 (25). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10364267. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.18121.
- Stevens, Adam; Garside, Helen; Berry, Andrew; Waters, Charlotte; White, Anne; Ray, David. . Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). 2003-05, 17 (5) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 12569182. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0320. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Schulz, Martin; Eggert, Martin; Baniahmad, Aria; Dostert, Anja; Heinzel, Thorsten; Renkawitz, Rainer. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002-07-19, 277 (29). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12011091. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203268200.
- Kucera, Tomas; Waltner-Law, Mary; Scott, Donald K.; Prasad, Ratna; Granner, Daryl K. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002-07-19, 277 (29). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12118039. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204013200.
- Bledsoe, Randy K.; Montana, Valerie G.; Stanley, Thomas B.; Delves, Chris J.; Apolito, Christopher J.; McKee, David D.; Consler, Thomas G.; Parks, Derek J.; Stewart, Eugene L.; Willson, Timothy M.; Lambert, Millard H. . Cell. 2002-07-12, 110 (1). ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 12151000. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00817-6.
- Hsiao, Pei-Wen; Fryer, Christy J.; Trotter, Kevin W.; Wang, Weidong; Archer, Trevor K. . Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2003-09, 23 (17) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 12917342. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.17.6210-6220.2003. (原始内容存档于2021-08-03).
- Préfontaine, G. G.; Walther, R.; Giffin, W.; Lemieux, M. E.; Pope, L.; Haché, R. J. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1999-09-17, 274 (38). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10480874. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.38.26713.
- Préfontaine, G. G.; Lemieux, M. E.; Giffin, W.; Schild-Poulter, C.; Pope, L.; LaCasse, E.; Walker, P.; Haché, R. J. . Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1998-06, 18 (6) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 9584182. doi:10.1128/MCB.18.6.3416. (原始内容存档于2022-03-09).
- Rao, Mira A.; Cheng, Helen; Quayle, Alandra N.; Nishitani, Hideo; Nelson, Colleen C.; Rennie, Paul S. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002-12-13, 277 (50). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12361945. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209741200.
- Nissen, R. M.; Yamamoto, K. R. . Genes & Development. 2000-09-15, 14 (18) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 10995388. doi:10.1101/gad.827900. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Caldenhoven, E.; Liden, J.; Wissink, S.; Van de Stolpe, A.; Raaijmakers, J.; Koenderman, L.; Okret, S.; Gustafsson, J. A.; Van der Saag, P. T. . Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). 1995-04, 9 (4) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 7659084. doi:10.1210/mend.9.4.7659084. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Li, Gangyong; Wang, Shengfu; Gelehrter, Thomas D. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2003-10-24, 278 (43). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12902338. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305350200.
- Song, C. Z.; Tian, X.; Gelehrter, T. D. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1999-10-12, 96 (21) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 10518526. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.21.11776. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Wallberg, A. E.; Neely, K. E.; Hassan, A. H.; Gustafsson, J. A.; Workman, J. L.; Wright, A. P. . Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2000-03, 20 (6) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 10688647. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.6.2004-2013.2000. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Lerner, Lorena; Henriksen, Melissa A.; Zhang, Xiaokui; Darnell, James E. . Genes & Development. 2003-10-15, 17 (20) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 14522952. doi:10.1101/gad.1135003. (原始内容存档于2022-07-04).
- Zhang, Z.; Jones, S.; Hagood, J. S.; Fuentes, N. L.; Fuller, G. M. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997-12-05, 272 (49). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9388192. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.49.30607.
- Stöcklin, E.; Wissler, M.; Gouilleux, F.; Groner, B. . Nature. 1996-10-24, 383 (6602) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 8878484. doi:10.1038/383726a0. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Makino, Y.; Yoshikawa, N.; Okamoto, K.; Hirota, K.; Yodoi, J.; Makino, I.; Tanaka, H. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1999-01-29, 274 (5). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9915858. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.5.3182.
- Chang, C. J.; Chen, Y. L.; Lee, S. C. . Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1998-10, 18 (10) [2022-07-11]. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 9742105. doi:10.1128/MCB.18.10.5880. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- Wakui, H.; Wright, A. P.; Gustafsson, J.; Zilliacus, J. . The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997-03-28, 272 (13). ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9079630. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8153.
- Pun, Frank W.; Liu, Bonnie Hei Man; Long, Xi; Leung, Hoi Wing; Leung, Geoffrey Ho Duen; Mewborne, Quinlan T.; Gao, Junli; Shneyderman, Anastasia; Ozerov, Ivan V.; Wang, Ju; Ren, Feng. . Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2022, 14. ISSN 1663-4365. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.914017.